Examinando por Autor "Cortés-Roco, Guillermo"
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Ítem Análisis de datos antropométricos y madurativos para la delección de talentos en voleibol(Universidad de la Frontera, 2023-12) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Reyes-Amigo, Tomás; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; García-De-alcaraz, AntonioEl proceso madurativo tiene una gran influencia sobre los factores antropométricos y las capacidades físicas del atleta, y por tanto, sobre el proceso de selección de talentos deportivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el estado madurativo y las características antropométricas junto con la comparación de estos datos por sexo en una muestra de 39 jugadores jóvenes de voleibol dentro de un proceso de selección de talentos (19 damas de 14,88±1,05 años y 13 varones de 15,1 años). Se obtuvieron datos de edad cronológica, altura, peso, altura sentado, altura de la madre y padre, la edad pico de crecimiento, el “timing” o periodo de tiempo por encima o por debajo de la edad pico, altura al final del proceso madurativo, el porcentaje actual de altura máxima, los centímetros restantes y el estado madurativo (pre-púber, púber o pos-púber). Los jugadores mostraron una mayor altura en el momento de las mediciones (179,92±6,87 vs 171,05±4,80; p<0,001), así como una mayor altura final calculada (189,46±3,73 vs 178,52±5,17; p<0,001), en comparación a las jugadoras. El pico en la velocidad de crecimiento también fue superior en los jugadores (14,56±0,44 vs 12,60±0,57; p<0,001), aunque su timing era inferior al de las jugadoras (0,531±1,19 vs 2,27±0,64; p<0,001). Esto se debió a un mayor porcentaje de jugadores masculinos en estados puberales, incluyendo un jugador en estadio pre-puberal, mientras que fue abundante la presencia de jugadoras en estado pospuberal. Estos datos reflejan la gran cantidad de jugadores que tienden a estar en periodos avanzados de madu ración en procesos de selección de talentos. Por tanto, entrenadores y seleccionadores deben contemplar estas variables para evitar sesgos en el proceso de identificación del talento deportivo.Ítem Anthropometric Characteristics, Handgrip Strength, and Upper Limb Asymmetries in Highly Trained Chilean Shot Put Para-Athletes(Universidad de la Frontera, 2023) Garcia-Carrillo, Exal; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo, MikelAnthropometric characteristics, including body size, shape, and composition, can have a significant impact on sports performance due to their influence on various physiological and biomechanical factors. However, limited research has been conducted on the anthropometric characteristics of highly trained throwing para-athletes. The purpose of this study was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and upper limb bilateral asymmetries of highly trained Chilean shot put para-throwers. Five male Chilean shot put para-athletes (average age of 38.8 ± 7.7 years) were assessed for their anthropometric characteristics, including skinfold thickness at six anatomical sites, girth at five sites, and bone breadth at two sites. Handgrip strength and bilateral asymmetries were also measured. The body mass and height of the athletes were found to be 90.5 ± 5.1 kg and 179.1 ± 8.9 cm, respectively. The athletes were found to have an endo-mesomorph somatotype (4.4-6.9-1.0) with high levels of fat mass (25.7 ± 2.8 %) and skeletal muscle mass (39.1 ± 3.7 %). The handgrip strength of the athletes was found to be 66.4 ± 6.7 kg with a bilateral asymmetry of 6.5 ± 6.2 %, with the dominant hand showing greater strength. The results indicate that the shot put para-athletes have a somatotype characterized by increased muscularity and body fat, along with a considerable stature. Although handgrip strength was found to be high, the athletes showed bilateral asymmetry, which requires further investigation to determine the cause and implications. © 2023, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.Ítem Anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and pulmonary function in an elite Chilean triathlete: A case study(Universidad de Alicante, 2023) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Rivera-Kofler, Tomás; Martín, Eduardo Báez-SanThe objective of this study was to describe the anthropometric profile, cardiorespiratory capacity and lung function in a high-performance Chilean triathlete ranked first in the national ranking. For this, the body composition profile proposed by Kerr, the somatotype according to Carter and Heath, lung volumes with spirometry according to the criteria of the ATS/ERS, the maximum dynamic inspiratory strength (S-index), the maximum inspiratory flow (FMI) and the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) with a treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test were evaluated. The results showed 50.30% (30.28 kg) of muscle tissue, 21.46% (12.92 kg) of adipose tissue, a musculoskeletal index of 4.4, and a balanced mesomorphic somatotype (ENDO 2.0 – MESO 5.1 – ECTO 2.3). The VO2max was 77 ml/kg/min, the S-Index was 189 cmH2O, the FIM was 10.1 l/sec, the FEV1 was 4.08 l, maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) was 153 l and a maximum expiratory flow (FEM) of 584 l. In conclusion, the triathlete has a high level of muscle tissue and optimal percentage of subcutaneous body fat with a balanced physical form towards the muscle component. An outstanding cardiorespiratory capacity, inspiratory strength and lung function represents a great adaptation to the endurance tests that make up triathlon, especially swimming on inspiratory strength. Morphofunctional changes associated with the high-performance sports discipline are observed. © 2023 University of AlicanteÍtem Association between Fractional Oxygen Extraction from Resting Quadriceps Muscle and Body Composition in Healthy Men(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-12) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda R.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Olivares-Arancibia J.; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Cortés-Roco G.; Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo; Vasquez-Bonilla A.; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Alvear-Órdenes, Ildefonso; Tuesta, MarceloThis study aimed to associate body composition with fractional oxygen extraction at rest in healthy adult men. Fourteen healthy adults (26.93 ± 2.49 years) from Chile participated. Body composition was assessed with octopole bioimpedance, and resting muscle oxygenation was evaluated in the vastus lateralis quadriceps with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a vascular occlusion test, analyzing the muscleVO2, resaturation velocity during reactive hyperemia via the muscle saturation index (%TSI), and the area above the curve of HHb (AACrep). It was observed that the total and segmented fat mass are associated with lower reoxygenation velocities during hyperemia (p = 0.008; β = 0.678: p = 0.002; β = 0.751), and that the total and segmented skeletal muscle mass are associated with higher reoxygenation velocities during hyperemia (p = 0.020; β = −0.614: p = 0.027; β = −0.587). It was also observed that the total and segmented fat mass were associated with a higher area above the curve of HHb (AACrep) during hyperemia (p = 0.007; β = 0.692: p = 0.037; β = 0.564), and that total and segmented skeletal muscle mass was associated with a lower area above the curve of HHb (AACrep) during hyperemia (p = 0.007; β = −0.703: p = 0.017; β = −0.632). We concluded that fat mass is associated with lower resaturation rates and lower resting fractional O2 extraction levels. In contrast, skeletal muscle mass is associated with higher resaturation rates and fractional O2 extraction during reactive hyperemia. The AACrep may be relevant in the evaluation of vascular adaptations to exercise and metabolic health.Ítem Efectos de los juegos didácticos en la clase de Educación Física en el logro de aprendizaje trasversal sobre hábitos de higiene escolar en estudiantes de 6 y 7 años(Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Gudenschwager-Sauca, Karin; Añasco-Rodríguez, Patricio; Trigo-Alvarez, Jaime; Muñoz-Rojas, Carlos; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; Cortés-Roco, GuillermoIntroducción: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del uso de juegos didácticos en las clases de Educación Física en el logro de aprendizaje transversal significativo sobre hábitos de higiene en estudiantes de 6 y 7 años. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, diseño metodológico cuantitativo, la muestra de 42 alumnos de ambos sexos con los cuales se llevó a cabo un programa de intervención por 4 semanas consecutivas. Se buscó determinar cuán influyente puede ser el juego en el aprendizaje significativo del niño en las clases de Educación Física por medio de una encuesta aplicada pre y post intervención, la cual constaba de 32 preguntas en donde se tenía que valorizar según frecuencia de ejecución: Siempre, Casi siempre, Ocasionalmente, Casi nunca, Nunca. Resultados: Los resultados de las diferentes variables se presentan en los datos a continuación tomando en cuenta la comparación previa y posterior a la intervención. Se observaron diferencias significativas durante las 4 semanas de intervención en Higiene de manos (PRE: 18,6 ± 4,6 POST: 27,9 ± 2,4; P= 0,000; TE= -2,45) se encontraron efectos positivos de la intervención; Higiene de Bucodental (PRE: 18,2 ± 4,5 POST: 23,6 ± 3,1; P= 0,000; TE= -1,39) se encontraron efectos positivos de la intervención.; Higiene Corporal (PRE: 16,3 ± 4,2 POST: 25,1 ± 2,3; p= 0,000; TE= -2,59); Higiene de Social (PRE: 13,0 ± 4,8 POST: 20,2 ± 2,1; p= 0,000; TE= -1,94) se encontraron efectos positivos de la intervención; Higiene total (PRE: 66,0 ± 16,3 POST: 96,8 ± 5,7; p= 0.000; TE= -2,47) se encontraron efectos positivos de la intervención. Conclusión: el programa de intervención en las clases de educación física, a través del juego generó efectos significativos en el aprendizaje transversal sobre los hábitos de higiene, lo que nos motiva a utilizar y recomendar este método de enseñanza para ser utilizado en impartir nuevos hábitos, valores y principios. En las cuatro variables, hábitos de higiene de manos, bucodental, social, y corporal, se tuvo una mejora significativa en los 42 alumnos y alumnas de la institución educativa. Con esto podemos dar cuenta que es un contenido que podemos trabajar sin problema durante las clases de Educación Física por medio de juegos didácticos.Ítem Effects of Structured and Unstructured Physical Activity on Gross Motor Skills in Preschool Students to Promote Sustainability in the Physical Education Classroom(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-07) Abusleme-Allimant, Rosita; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; Reyes-Amigo, Tomás; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Arroyo-Jofré, Patricio; Páez-Herrera, JacquelineBasic motor skills are the basis for the formation and execution of movements that will be utilized throughout an individual’s lifetime, thus promoting their involvement and continued participation in physical activity. (1) Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of a physical education program, based on a model of structured and unstructured physical activity, on the motor development of kindergarten students at a private school for girls in Con Con, Chile. (2) Methods: Thirty-four female students were divided into two groups, one participated in structured physical activity and the other in unstructured physical activity, and both groups then underwent a 12-week intervention. The Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2) was utilized to evaluate motor behaviors, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and relative frequencies. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare differences at the beginning and end of the intervention, while the Whitney–Mann U test was used to determine differences between groups. (3) Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in the overall group when comparing the start and end of the intervention for total motor development (p = 0.001), locomotion skills (p = 0.018), and object control (p = 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between the two types of intervention activities. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that both structured and unstructured physical activity interventions enhance overall motor development, particularly in the dimensions of locomotion and object control. The results indicate that unstructured physical activity interventions may lead to better outcomes in motor development tests compared to structured interventions. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem Intensity and level of physical activity in the diabladas of the festival of La Tirana in Chile(Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; De Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Reyes-Amigo, Tomás; Zavala-Crichton, Juan PabloThe objective was to analyze the intensity and level of physical activity in diabladas during the festival of La Tirana in Chile. The study was non-experimental, cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive and comparative. Fifty dancers from a Chilean diablada (30 women and 20 men) participated. The evaluations were carried out during the religious festival of La Tirana in northern Chile. Actigraph GTX-3 model accelerometers were used to quantify the study variables and were installed at the waist. The dancers had effective dance days between 3 and 5 hours/day. The average intensity per hour of dancing was 3.1 ± 1.0 METs, the percentage of dance intensity to moderate to vigorous intensity (AFMV) was 46.4% ± 2.7%; the average number of steps per hour was 3124 ± 178 and the time in moderate to vigorous activity (AFMV) ranged from 83.1 to 138.5 min per day. Differences in very vigorous physical activity were found between men and women (F=9.57; p=0.003; n2p= 0.127). Diabladas dancers present high levels of physical activity during the religious festival of La Tirana in Chile. Every day the dancers exceed the international recommendations for physical activity, which can generate benefits in health and quality of life. © Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)Ítem Mood of physically active and inactive adults during the COVID-19 pandemic(Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Páez-Herrera, Jacqueline; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Jímenez-Pavez, Soledad; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoObjetivo: Comparar el estado de ánimo en un grupo de adultos físicamente activos (FA) entrenados de forma remota durante un periodo de cuarentena por COVID-19 y un grupo de adultos inactivos físicamente (IF). Métodos: Fue aplicada la Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo (EVEA) a ambos grupos, FA (n = 15), edad 23±3,7 años de un club de cheerleading y a un grupo IF (n=15) edad 27±2,4 años, en dos ocasiones con un tiempo de separación de un mes. Se recopilaron datos, en ambos periodos, de estado de ánimo (EA), específicamente ansiedad, tristeza, alegría e ira. Fueron comparados los EA entre grupos en dos periodos y EA por grupo en cada periodo. Si el p-valor (sig) es menor a 0,05, se establece la presencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre mediciones y los grupos. Para calcular el tamaño del efecto (TE) de la diferencia, se aplicó la prueba d de Cohen. Resultados: Arrojaron en ambas mediciones que FA presentó en comparación a IF menos ansiedad (p = 0,00; TE 1,37; p = 0,00; TE 2,07), triste za (p = 0,06; TE 0,57; p = 0,00; TE 1,99) e ira (p = 0,00; TE 0,77; p = 0,00; TE 3,43), y mayor alegría (p = 0,01, TE 0,98; p = 0,00; TE 3,60) respectivamente. Además, FA en la 2ª medición disminuyó la tristeza (p = 0,25, TE 0,45) y la ira (p = 0,05, TE 0,57) y aumentó la alegría (p = 0,05; TE 0,75), mientras que IF aumentó la ira (p = 0.00; TE 2,11) y disminuyó la alegría (p = 0,12, TE 1,07). Conclusión: FA presento mejor estado de ánimo que IF en ambas mediciones durante la pandemia COVID-19, y disminuyó EA negativo y aumentó EA positivo, dando cuenta de los efectos positivos del ejercicio físico sobre EA. Palabras claves: Estado de ánimo, COVID-19, Nivel de actividad física, Pandemia, CheerleadingÍtem Quantitative Diet, Body Composition and Sprint Performance in Female Professional Beach Handball Players(MDPI, 2022-12) Martínez-Rodríguez, Alejandro; Sánchez-Sánchez, Javier; Martínez-Olcina, María; Vicente-Martínez, Manuel; Peñaranda-Moraga, Marcelo; Asencio-Mas, Nuria; Gonzálvez-Alvarado, Lucía; Matlosz, Piotr; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Sánchez-Sáez, Juan AntonioWomen’s elite sports have experienced an exponential increase in the last decade, as has beach handball (BH). The high demands of this sport mean that athletes need to be in superior physical condition, so nutrition and body composition are determining factors in their sporting performance. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyze, compare and correlate the most relevant variables of food intake (quantitative), body composition (focus on the bone mass characteristics) and sprint performance in female professional BH players. Thirty-three women from the National Spanish Team participated in this study. Dietary assessment, anthropometric measurements and sprint tests were performed. In general, the players had a low carbohydrate intake and adequate protein intake, with no significant differences depending on the category and playing position. For senior players, positive correlations were found between protein intake and bone mass (r = 0.584, p = 0.022), polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and muscle mass (r = 0.387, p = 0.026) and finally between fat mass and animal protein intake (r = 0.569, p = 0.027). Body composition was similar in both categories; however, goalkeepers had the highest fat (22.6 ± 3.86%, 16.2 ± 4.84 kg) component (vs. wings: 17.4 ± 3.53%, p = 0.031/vs. specialists: 11.1 ± 1.91 kg, p = 0.034), and senior players had higher muscle mass (kilograms). It is worth noting the finding that players with a greater trochanter height had significantly lower sprint times (p = 0.014 and p = 0.048 for 5 and 10 m, respectively). Certain bone characteristics, such as iliospinale height, biacromial and bimalleolar diameters, mesosternal perimeter and biceps skinfold, differ depending on the position. In addition, the greater speed of the senior players may be due to the greater specialization, number of training sessions performed and specific bone characteristics, such as trochanter height. In this regard, the data provided in this study will assist with establishing criteria for the selection of talent for this sporting discipline. © 2022 by the authors.Ítem Study of Different Personalised Dietary Plans on Eating Behaviour, Body Image and Mood in Young Female Professional Handball Players: A Randomised Controlled Trial(MDPI, 2023-01) Miralles-Amorós, Laura; Vicente-Martínez, Manuel; Martínez-Olcina, María; Asencio-Mas, Nuria; Gonzálvez-Alvarado, Lucía; Peñaranda-Moraga, Marcelo; Leyva-Vela, Belén; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Martínez-Rodríguez, AlejandroLow energy availability may precede or be caused by cognitive disturbances in professional athletes. Related psychological problems include disordered eating patterns, body shape preoccupation, depression or anxiety. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different personalised dietary plans on psychological factors in young professional female handball players with low energy availability. This 12-week randomised clinical trial involved 21 female players aged 22 ± 4 years, 172.0 ± 5.4 cm and 68.4 ± 6.7 kg divided into three groups (FD: free diet; MD: Mediterranean diet; HAD: high antioxidant diet). Eating behaviour (Eating Attitude Test, EAT-26: diet, bulimia and oral control subscales), body image (Body Shape Questionnaire, BSQ) and mood state (Profile of Mode State, POMS: tension, vigour, anger, depression, fatigue) were assessed. All participants showed low energy availability (<30 kcal/lean mass per day). The different plans showed no significant differences between them but significant differences over time within groups for the variables: body image, Tension, Vigour and Depression (p < 0.05). Eating behaviour improved slightly but did not show statistically significant changes. Following an adequate nutritional planning for athletes seems to improve the mood and body perception of young female handball players. A longer intervention period is required to assess the differences between diets and improvement of other parameters. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem Study the Effect of Relative Energy Deficiency on Physiological and Physical Variables in Professional Women Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial(MDPI, 2023-02) Miralles-Amorós, Laura; Asencio-Mas, Nuria; Martínez-Olcina, María; Vicente-Martínez, Manuel; Frutos, José Manuel García-De; Peñaranda-Moraga, Marcelo; Gonzálvez-Alvarado, Lucía; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Martínez-Rodríguez, AlejandroEnergy deficits are often observed in athletes, especially in female athletes, due to the high expenditure of sport and strict diets. Low energy availability can cause serious health problems and affect sport performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different personalized dietary plans on physiological and physical factors related to energy deficit syndrome in female professional handball players. Twenty-one professional female handball players, aged 22 ± 4 years, 172.0 ± 5.4 cm and 68.4 ± 6.7 kg, divided into three groups (FD: free diet; MD: Mediterranean diet; and AD: high antioxidant diet), participated in this 12-week randomized controlled trial. Energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry, energy availability, 7 day dietary intake analysis, blood pressure, cholesterol, menstrual function, body composition by both anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance, and strength performance were assessed. All participants showed low energy availability (<30 kcal/lean mass per day); despite this, all had eumenorrhea. Significant improvements were found after the intervention in all components of body composition (p < 0.05). In the remaining variables, despite slight improvements, none were significant neither over time nor between the different groups. Low energy availability has been observed in all professional female handball players, which may lead to serious consequences. A longer period of intervention is required to assess the differences between diets and improvements in other parameters. © 2023 by the authors.