Examinando por Autor "Giersch, Rachael M."

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    A single clonal lineage of transmissible cancer identified in two marine mussel species in South America and Europe
    (eLife, 2019-11-08) Yonemitsu, Marisa A.; Giersch, Rachael M.; Polo-Prieto, Maria; Hammel, Maurine; Simon, Alexis; Cremonte, Florencia; Avilés, Fernando T.; Merino-Véliz, Nicolás; Burioli, Erika A.V.; Muttray, Annette F.; Sherry, James; Reinisch, Carol; Baldwin, Susan A.; Goff, Stephen P.; Houssin, Maryline; Arriagada, Gloria; Vázquez, Nuria; Bierne, Nicolas; Metzger, Michael J.
    Transmissible cancers, in which cancer cells themselves act as an infectious agent, have been identified in Tasmanian devils, dogs, and four bivalves. We investigated a disseminated neoplasia affecting geographically distant populations of two species of mussels (Mytilus chilensis in South America and M. edulis in Europe). Sequencing alleles from four loci (two nuclear and two mitochondrial) provided evidence of transmissible cancer in both species. Phylogenetic analysis of cancer-associated alleles and analysis of diagnostic SNPs showed that cancers in both species likely arose in a third species of mussel (M. trossulus), but these cancer cells are independent from the previously identified transmissible cancer in M. trossulus from Canada. Unexpectedly, cancers from M. chilensis and M. edulis are nearly identical, showing that the same cancer lineage affects both. Thus, a single transmissible cancer lineage has crossed into two new host species and has been transferred across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and between the Northern and Southern hemispheres
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    Centuries of genome instability and evolution in soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria, bivalve transmissible neoplasia
    (Nature Research, 2023-11) Hart, Samuel F. M.; Yonemitsu, Marisa A.; Giersch, Rachael M.; Garrett, Fiona E. S.; Beal, Brian F.; Arriagada, Gloria; Davis, Brian W.; Ostrander, Elaine A.; Goff, Stephen P.; Metzger, Michael J.
    Transmissible cancers are infectious parasitic clones that metastasize to new hosts, living past the death of the founder animal in which the cancer initiated. We investigated the evolutionary history of a cancer lineage that has spread though the soft-shell clam (Mya arenaria) population by assembling a chromosome-scale soft-shell clam reference genome and characterizing somatic mutations in transmissible cancer. We observe high mutation density, widespread copy-number gain, structural rearrangement, loss of heterozygosity, variable telomere lengths, mitochondrial genome expansion and transposable element activity, all indicative of an unstable cancer genome. We also discover a previously unreported mutational signature associated with overexpression of an error-prone polymerase and use this to estimate the lineage to be >200 years old. Our study reveals the ability for an invertebrate cancer lineage to survive for centuries while its genome continues to structurally mutate, likely contributing to the evolution of this lineage as a parasitic cancer. © 2023, The Author(s)