Examinando por Autor "Guzmán-Guzmán, I."
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Ítem Anthropometric Parameters, Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Executive Functions among Primary School Children(MDPI, 2022-03) Contreras-Osorio, F.; Guzmán-Guzmán, I.; Cerda-Vega, E.; Chirosa-Ríos, L.; Ramírez-Campillo, R.; Campos-Jara, C.Physical activity during childhood and adolescence favors brain development and cognitive functioning, particularly the executive functions. This study aimed to assess potential associations between anthropometric parameters, physical activity, physical fitness, and executive functions among elementary school children returning to school after the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. School-age male and female participants (n = 90; age, 10–12 years) participated in the study. To determine the association between variables, a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Higher fat-related anthropometric indexes were associated with lower working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, and attention (r = −0.55 to −0.22; p = 0.031 to <0.001). In contrast, higher physical activity levels, better sprint performance, higher lower-body muscular power, and greater upper-body muscular strength were associated with better working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning, and/or attention (r = 0.19 to −0.54; p = 0.04 to <0.001). Current results consistently suggest the need for adequate levels of physical activity, physical fitness, and anthropometric parameters among the school-age population to promote healthy and adequate executive functions.Ítem Effects of the Type of Sports Practice on the Executive Functions of Schoolchildren(MDPI, 2022-03) Contreras-Osorio, F.; Guzmán-Guzmán, I.; Cerda-Vega, E.; Chirosa-Ríos, L.; Ramírez-Campillo, R.; Campos-Jara, C.There is a close relationship between the development of complex motor skills and executive functions during childhood. This study aimed to analyze the differences in different dimensions of executive functions in children practicing an open-skill sport (handball) and a closed-skill sport (athletics) and controls who did not participate in sports activities after a 12-week intervention period. School-aged male and female subjects (n = 90; mean ± standard deviation = 11.45 ± 0.68 years) participated in a non-randomized controlled study. Data analysis was performed using the STATA V.15 statistical software. The athletics intervention promoted semantic fluency (p = 0.007), whereas handball increased inhibition (p = 0.034). Additionally, physical activity improved in both intervention groups (p = < 0.001), whereas sprint performance improved in the handball group following intervention (p = 0.008), lower body muscular power improved in athletics (p = 0.04), and evidence of improvement in upper body muscular strength was noted in handball (p = 0.037). In turn, an increase in the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older Children score showed an association with the Standard Ten scores of executive functions. In conclusion, compared to controls, both athletics and handball induced meaningful improvements in physical activity and executive functions. However, sport-specific adaptations were noted after athletics (i.e., semantic fluency and lower body muscular power) and handball (i.e., inhibition, sprint, and upper-body muscular strength).Ítem Emergent Anthropometric Indices in Differential Prediction of Prehypertension and Hypertension in Mexican Population: Results according to Age and Sex(Hindawi Limited, 2022-07) Zaragoza-García, O.; Gutiérrez-Pérez, I.; Delgado-Floody, P.; Parra-Rojas, I.; Jerez-Mayorga, D.; Campos-Jara, Ch.; Guzmán-Guzmán, I.Background. Hypertension (HTN) is recognized as a significant public health problem in the world. The objective of this study is to evaluate emergent anthropometric indices as predictors of preHTN and HTN according to age and sex in a sample of Mexican adults. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,150 participants aged 18-80 years old. Anthropometric data and blood pressure measurements were analyzed. Comparisons between men and women were carried out by independent analysis. Cutoff points for each emergent anthropometric index were obtained using the values' upper second and third tertiles. Logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics curve analyses were used to assess the association and the predictive value of several emergent anthropometric indices with the presence of preHTN and HTN. Results. The prevalence of preHTN and HTN was 29.74% and 14.35%, respectively. In a logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and sex, the body roundness index (BRI) (OR = 2.08, p<0.001) and conicity index (CI) (OR = 1.37, p=0.044) were associated with preHTN, while CI (OR = 2.47, p<0.001) and waist to height squared (W/Ht2) (OR = 2.19, p[removed]40 years old, the predictor indices were W/Ht3 and W/Ht2. In women ≤40 years, the pulse mass index (PMI) was the best main predictor (AUC = 0.909) of HTN. Conclusion. CI, PMI, W/Ht3, W/Ht2, and ABSI could represent differential predictors of preHTN and HTN between men and women according to age range.Ítem Obesidad, autoestima y condición física en escolares(Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2017) Delgado-Floody, P.; Caamaño-Navarrete, F.; Jerez-Mayorga, D.; Cofré-Lizama, A.; Osorio-Poblete, A.; Campos-Jara, C.; Guzmán-Guzmán, I.; Martínez-Salazar, C.; Carcamo-Oyarzun, J.Introduction: Childhood obesity is a serious public health issue, since it generates adverse results for physical and mental health. Objective: To correlate nutritional status and levels of self-esteem and physical performance in schoolchildren aged between 8 and 10. Materials and methods: 236 students participated, 117 male and 119 female, aged between 8 and 10, from two public schools in the municipality of Temuco. Weight, height, body mass index, mass/ fat percentage, waist contour, physical condition, hours of physical exercise per week and self-esteem were evaluated. Results: Overnutrition was documented in 43.6% of the students; children classified as obese (19%) presented higher levels of fat mass and waist contour (p<0.001), and also had a lower physical performance (p<0.05). The hours of physical exercise per week and the level of self-esteem were lower in obese school children, although this figure was not significant (p≥0.05). Conclusions: Obesity in school-aged children reveals alterations associated with physical performance, fat mass and negative trends on self-esteem. Despite developing at an early stage, the consequences associated with this condition can already be seen.