Examinando por Autor "Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge"
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Ítem Análisis de datos antropométricos y madurativos para la delección de talentos en voleibol(Universidad de la Frontera, 2023-12) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Reyes-Amigo, Tomás; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; García-De-alcaraz, AntonioEl proceso madurativo tiene una gran influencia sobre los factores antropométricos y las capacidades físicas del atleta, y por tanto, sobre el proceso de selección de talentos deportivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el estado madurativo y las características antropométricas junto con la comparación de estos datos por sexo en una muestra de 39 jugadores jóvenes de voleibol dentro de un proceso de selección de talentos (19 damas de 14,88±1,05 años y 13 varones de 15,1 años). Se obtuvieron datos de edad cronológica, altura, peso, altura sentado, altura de la madre y padre, la edad pico de crecimiento, el “timing” o periodo de tiempo por encima o por debajo de la edad pico, altura al final del proceso madurativo, el porcentaje actual de altura máxima, los centímetros restantes y el estado madurativo (pre-púber, púber o pos-púber). Los jugadores mostraron una mayor altura en el momento de las mediciones (179,92±6,87 vs 171,05±4,80; p<0,001), así como una mayor altura final calculada (189,46±3,73 vs 178,52±5,17; p<0,001), en comparación a las jugadoras. El pico en la velocidad de crecimiento también fue superior en los jugadores (14,56±0,44 vs 12,60±0,57; p<0,001), aunque su timing era inferior al de las jugadoras (0,531±1,19 vs 2,27±0,64; p<0,001). Esto se debió a un mayor porcentaje de jugadores masculinos en estados puberales, incluyendo un jugador en estadio pre-puberal, mientras que fue abundante la presencia de jugadoras en estado pospuberal. Estos datos reflejan la gran cantidad de jugadores que tienden a estar en periodos avanzados de madu ración en procesos de selección de talentos. Por tanto, entrenadores y seleccionadores deben contemplar estas variables para evitar sesgos en el proceso de identificación del talento deportivo.Ítem Association between Fractional Oxygen Extraction from Resting Quadriceps Muscle and Body Composition in Healthy Men(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-12) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda R.; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Olivares-Arancibia J.; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Cortés-Roco G.; Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo; Vasquez-Bonilla A.; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Alvear-Órdenes, Ildefonso; Tuesta, MarceloThis study aimed to associate body composition with fractional oxygen extraction at rest in healthy adult men. Fourteen healthy adults (26.93 ± 2.49 years) from Chile participated. Body composition was assessed with octopole bioimpedance, and resting muscle oxygenation was evaluated in the vastus lateralis quadriceps with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a vascular occlusion test, analyzing the muscleVO2, resaturation velocity during reactive hyperemia via the muscle saturation index (%TSI), and the area above the curve of HHb (AACrep). It was observed that the total and segmented fat mass are associated with lower reoxygenation velocities during hyperemia (p = 0.008; β = 0.678: p = 0.002; β = 0.751), and that the total and segmented skeletal muscle mass are associated with higher reoxygenation velocities during hyperemia (p = 0.020; β = −0.614: p = 0.027; β = −0.587). It was also observed that the total and segmented fat mass were associated with a higher area above the curve of HHb (AACrep) during hyperemia (p = 0.007; β = 0.692: p = 0.037; β = 0.564), and that total and segmented skeletal muscle mass was associated with a lower area above the curve of HHb (AACrep) during hyperemia (p = 0.007; β = −0.703: p = 0.017; β = −0.632). We concluded that fat mass is associated with lower resaturation rates and lower resting fractional O2 extraction levels. In contrast, skeletal muscle mass is associated with higher resaturation rates and fractional O2 extraction during reactive hyperemia. The AACrep may be relevant in the evaluation of vascular adaptations to exercise and metabolic health.Ítem Calculating Load and Intensity Using Muscle Oxygen Saturation Data(20754663, 2024-04-04) Vasquez-Bonilla, Aldo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Gómez-Carmona, Carlos D.; Olcina, Guillermo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Rojas-Valverde, DanielThe study aimed to calculate training intensity and load using muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) during two differentiated physical tasks. 29 university athletes participated in a 40-m Maximal Shuttle Run Test (MST, 10 × 40-m with 30 s recovery between sprints) and a 3000-m time trial run. Distance and time were used to calculate external load (EL). Internal load indicators were calculated based on percentage of maximum heart rate (%HRMAX) and SmO2 variables: muscle oxygen extraction (∇%SmO2) and the cardio-muscle oxygen index (CMOI) was also provided by relating ∇%SmO2 ÷ %HRMAX, and the training load were calculated as the product of speed (m/min × IL) and the efficiency index [Effindex (m/min ÷ IL)]. A student t test was applied based on Bayesian factor analysis. As expected, EL differed in the 40-m MST (331 ± 22.8) vs. 3000-m trials (222 ± 56.8) [BF10 = 6.25e+6; p = <0.001]. Likewise, IL showed higher values in 40-m MST (39.20 ± 15.44) vs. 3000-m (30.51 ± 8.67) in CMOI: [BF10 = 1.70; p = 0.039]. Training load was greater in 40-m MST (85.77 ± 27.40) vs. 3000-m (15.55 ± 6.77) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 12.5; p = 0.003] and 40-m MST (129.27 ± 49.44) vs. 3000-m (70.63 ± 32.98) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 169.6; p = <0.001]. Also, the Effindex was higher in 40-m MST (10.19 ± 4.17) vs. 3000-m (6.06 ± 2.21) [(m/min × ∇%SmO2): BF10 = 137.03; p = <0.001] and 40-m MST (9.69 ± 4.11) vs. 3000-m (7.55 ± 1.87) [(m/min × CMOI): BF10 = 1.86; p = 0.035]. This study demonstrates calculations of training intensity and load based on SmO2 as an internal load indicator along with speed as an external load indicator during two differentiated exercises.Ítem Efecto agudo del entrenamiento con vibraciones de cuerpo completo sobre la patada circular en atletas de Taekwondo(Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Orellana-Lepe, Gladys; Warnier-Medina, Alberto; Olivares-Fernández, Pedro; Aguilar-Gajardo, Sebastián; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Yánez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo AlejandroEl Taekwondo es un deporte de combate con alta exigencia física, por lo que la búsqueda de nuevos métodos para su entrenamiento es un tema de relevancia en las ciencias del deporte. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el efecto agudo de las vibraciones de cuerpo completo sobre la frecuencia de pateo e Índice de Fatiga de la patada circular en atletas de Taekwondo. Participaron 10 atletas de Taekwondo, todos del sexo masculino (edad: 21,1±1,52 años; masa corporal: 69,64±6,71 kg; estatura bípeda: 1,71±0,08 m; IMC: 23,9±1,17). Cada participante ejecutó un protocolo control y tres protocolos de entrenamiento sobre una plataforma vibratoria. Posterior a cada uno de los protocolos, se ejecutó el FSKTmult. Se utilizó la prueba ANOVA para comparar los resultados entre los grupos y se aplicó la prueba de post hoc de Bonferroni, además, se calculó el tamaño del efecto. Existieron diferencias significativas entre el grupo control y SV (p=0.018) en FSKT-2. De manera general, a pesar de lo señalado, se aprecia un efecto moderado en FSKT-1 (n2= 0.070), FSKT-2 (n2= 0.128); FSKT-3 (n2= 0.070), FSKT-5 (n2= 0.070) y FSKT-Total (n2= 0.076). En cuanto a los protocolos, en todos se presentan efectos moderados y altos en la prueba FSKTmult, siendo el protocolo SD el que tiene mejores resultados en el tamaño del efecto y a la vez, uno de los que demuestra un menor KDI. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de que la realización de ejercicios con exposición a VCC genera una mejora sobre la frecuencia de pateo y KDI, evidenciando el protocolo SD una mejor relación entre rendimiento y KDI.Ítem Efectos de los juegos didácticos en la clase de Educación Física en el logro de aprendizaje trasversal sobre hábitos de higiene escolar en estudiantes de 6 y 7 años(Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Gudenschwager-Sauca, Karin; Añasco-Rodríguez, Patricio; Trigo-Alvarez, Jaime; Muñoz-Rojas, Carlos; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; Cortés-Roco, GuillermoIntroducción: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del uso de juegos didácticos en las clases de Educación Física en el logro de aprendizaje transversal significativo sobre hábitos de higiene en estudiantes de 6 y 7 años. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, diseño metodológico cuantitativo, la muestra de 42 alumnos de ambos sexos con los cuales se llevó a cabo un programa de intervención por 4 semanas consecutivas. Se buscó determinar cuán influyente puede ser el juego en el aprendizaje significativo del niño en las clases de Educación Física por medio de una encuesta aplicada pre y post intervención, la cual constaba de 32 preguntas en donde se tenía que valorizar según frecuencia de ejecución: Siempre, Casi siempre, Ocasionalmente, Casi nunca, Nunca. Resultados: Los resultados de las diferentes variables se presentan en los datos a continuación tomando en cuenta la comparación previa y posterior a la intervención. Se observaron diferencias significativas durante las 4 semanas de intervención en Higiene de manos (PRE: 18,6 ± 4,6 POST: 27,9 ± 2,4; P= 0,000; TE= -2,45) se encontraron efectos positivos de la intervención; Higiene de Bucodental (PRE: 18,2 ± 4,5 POST: 23,6 ± 3,1; P= 0,000; TE= -1,39) se encontraron efectos positivos de la intervención.; Higiene Corporal (PRE: 16,3 ± 4,2 POST: 25,1 ± 2,3; p= 0,000; TE= -2,59); Higiene de Social (PRE: 13,0 ± 4,8 POST: 20,2 ± 2,1; p= 0,000; TE= -1,94) se encontraron efectos positivos de la intervención; Higiene total (PRE: 66,0 ± 16,3 POST: 96,8 ± 5,7; p= 0.000; TE= -2,47) se encontraron efectos positivos de la intervención. Conclusión: el programa de intervención en las clases de educación física, a través del juego generó efectos significativos en el aprendizaje transversal sobre los hábitos de higiene, lo que nos motiva a utilizar y recomendar este método de enseñanza para ser utilizado en impartir nuevos hábitos, valores y principios. En las cuatro variables, hábitos de higiene de manos, bucodental, social, y corporal, se tuvo una mejora significativa en los 42 alumnos y alumnas de la institución educativa. Con esto podemos dar cuenta que es un contenido que podemos trabajar sin problema durante las clases de Educación Física por medio de juegos didácticos.Ítem Insights into the impact of microbiota in the treatment of nafld/nash and its potential as a biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis(22279059, 2021-02) Plaza-Díaz, Julio; Solis-Urra, Patricio; Aragón-Vela, Jerónimo; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Álvarez-Mercado, I.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation). © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Ítem Intensity and level of physical activity in the diabladas of the festival of La Tirana in Chile(Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Hurtado-Almonacid, Juan; De Souza-Lima, Josivaldo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Reyes-Amigo, Tomás; Zavala-Crichton, Juan PabloThe objective was to analyze the intensity and level of physical activity in diabladas during the festival of La Tirana in Chile. The study was non-experimental, cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive and comparative. Fifty dancers from a Chilean diablada (30 women and 20 men) participated. The evaluations were carried out during the religious festival of La Tirana in northern Chile. Actigraph GTX-3 model accelerometers were used to quantify the study variables and were installed at the waist. The dancers had effective dance days between 3 and 5 hours/day. The average intensity per hour of dancing was 3.1 ± 1.0 METs, the percentage of dance intensity to moderate to vigorous intensity (AFMV) was 46.4% ± 2.7%; the average number of steps per hour was 3124 ± 178 and the time in moderate to vigorous activity (AFMV) ranged from 83.1 to 138.5 min per day. Differences in very vigorous physical activity were found between men and women (F=9.57; p=0.003; n2p= 0.127). Diabladas dancers present high levels of physical activity during the religious festival of La Tirana in Chile. Every day the dancers exceed the international recommendations for physical activity, which can generate benefits in health and quality of life. © Copyright: Federación Española de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educación Física (FEADEF)Ítem Mood of physically active and inactive adults during the COVID-19 pandemic(Federación Española de Docentes de Educación Física, 2023) Cortés-Roco, Guillermo; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Páez-Herrera, Jacqueline; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Jímenez-Pavez, Soledad; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, RodrigoObjetivo: Comparar el estado de ánimo en un grupo de adultos físicamente activos (FA) entrenados de forma remota durante un periodo de cuarentena por COVID-19 y un grupo de adultos inactivos físicamente (IF). Métodos: Fue aplicada la Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo (EVEA) a ambos grupos, FA (n = 15), edad 23±3,7 años de un club de cheerleading y a un grupo IF (n=15) edad 27±2,4 años, en dos ocasiones con un tiempo de separación de un mes. Se recopilaron datos, en ambos periodos, de estado de ánimo (EA), específicamente ansiedad, tristeza, alegría e ira. Fueron comparados los EA entre grupos en dos periodos y EA por grupo en cada periodo. Si el p-valor (sig) es menor a 0,05, se establece la presencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre mediciones y los grupos. Para calcular el tamaño del efecto (TE) de la diferencia, se aplicó la prueba d de Cohen. Resultados: Arrojaron en ambas mediciones que FA presentó en comparación a IF menos ansiedad (p = 0,00; TE 1,37; p = 0,00; TE 2,07), triste za (p = 0,06; TE 0,57; p = 0,00; TE 1,99) e ira (p = 0,00; TE 0,77; p = 0,00; TE 3,43), y mayor alegría (p = 0,01, TE 0,98; p = 0,00; TE 3,60) respectivamente. Además, FA en la 2ª medición disminuyó la tristeza (p = 0,25, TE 0,45) y la ira (p = 0,05, TE 0,57) y aumentó la alegría (p = 0,05; TE 0,75), mientras que IF aumentó la ira (p = 0.00; TE 2,11) y disminuyó la alegría (p = 0,12, TE 1,07). Conclusión: FA presento mejor estado de ánimo que IF en ambas mediciones durante la pandemia COVID-19, y disminuyó EA negativo y aumentó EA positivo, dando cuenta de los efectos positivos del ejercicio físico sobre EA. Palabras claves: Estado de ánimo, COVID-19, Nivel de actividad física, Pandemia, CheerleadingÍtem Muscle Oxygen Extraction during Vascular Occlusion Test in Physically Very Active versus Inactive Healthy Men: A Comparative Study(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-06) Tuesta, Marcelo; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Vásquez-Bonilla, Aldo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Alvear-Órdenes, IldefonsoAn increase in the delivery and use of oxygen to the musculature in physically active subjects are determinants of improving health-related aerobic capacity. Additional health benefits, such as an increase in the muscle mass and a decrease in fat mass, principally in the legs, could be achieved with weekly global physical activity levels of more than 300 min. The objective was to compare the muscle vascular and metabolic profiles of physically very active and inactive subjects. Twenty healthy men participated in the study; ten were assigned to the physically very active group (25.5 ± 4.2 years; 72.7 ± 8.1 kg; 173.7 ± 7.6 cm) and ten to the physically inactive group (30.0 ± 7.4 years; 74.9 ± 11.8 kg; 173.0 ± 6.4 cm). The level of physical activity was determined by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). A resting vascular occlusion test (5 min of an ischemic phase and 3 min of a reperfusion phase) was used, whereas a near-field infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device was used to evaluate the muscle oxygenation in the right vastus lateralis of the quadriceps muscle. The area under the curve of the deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) during the ischemic phase and above the curve of the tissue saturation index (TSI) during the reperfusion phase were obtained to determine muscle metabolic and vascular responses, respectively. Physically very active group showed a higher absolute HHb (3331.9 ± 995.7 vs. 6182.7 ± 1632.5 mmol/s) and lower TSI (7615.0 ± 1111.9 vs. 5420.0 ± 781.4 %/s) and relative to body weight (46.3 ± 14.6 vs. 84.4 ± 27.1 mmol/s/kg and 106.0 ± 20.6 vs. 73.6 ± 13.8 %/s/kg, respectively), muscle mass (369.9 ± 122.2 vs. 707.5 ± 225.8 mmol/kg and 829.7 ± 163.4 vs. 611.9 ± 154.2 %/s/kg) and fat mass (1760.8 ± 522.9 vs. 2981.0 ± 1239.9 mmol/s/kg and 4160.0 ± 1257.3 vs. ±2638.4 ± 994.3 %/s/kg, respectively) than physically inactive subjects. A negative correlation was observed between HHb levels and TSI (r = −0.6; p < 0.05). Physically very active men (>300 min/week) present better muscle oxidative metabolism and perfusion and perform significantly more physical activity than physically inactive subjects. Extra benefits for vascular health and muscle oxidative metabolism are achieved when a subject becomes physically very active, as recommended by the World Health Organization. In addition, a higher level of physical activity determined by GPAQ is related to better vascular function and oxidative metabolism of the main locomotor musculature, i.e., the quadriceps.Ítem Study protocol and rationale of the "cogni-action project" a cross-sectional and randomized controlled trial about physical activity, brain health, cognition, and educational achievement in schoolchildren(BioMed Central Ltd, 2019-07-26) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Suarez-Cadenas, Ernesto; Sanchez-Martinez, Javier; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando; Ortega, Francisco B.; Esteban-Cornejo, Irene; Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina; Castro-Piñero, Jose; Veloz, Alejandro; Chabert, Steren; Saradangani, Kabir P.; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Migueles, Jairo H.; Mora-Gonzalez, Jose; Quiroz-Escobar, Milton; Almonte-Espinoza, Diego; Urzúa, Alfonso; Dragicevic, Constantino D.; Astudillo, Aland; Méndez-Gassibe, Eduardo; Riquelme-Uribe, Daniel; Azagra, Marcela Jarpa; Cristi-Montero, CarlosBackground: Education and health are crucial topics for public policies as both largely determine the future wellbeing of the society. Currently, several studies recognize that physical activity (PA) benefits brain health in children. However, most of these studies have not been carried out in developing countries or lack the transference into the education field. The Cogni-Action Project is divided into two stages, a cross-sectional study and a crossover-randomized trial. The aim of the first part is to establish the associations of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness with brain structure and function, cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean schoolchildren (10-13 years-old). The aim of the second part is to determinate the acute effects of three PA protocols on neuroelectric indices during a working memory and a reading task. Methods: PA and sedentarism will be self-reported and objectively-assessed with accelerometers in a representative subsample, whilst physical fitness will be evaluated through the ALPHA fitness test battery. Brain structure and function will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a randomized subsample. Cognitive performance will be assessed through the NeuroCognitive Performance Test, and academic achievement by school grades. In the second part 32 adolescents (12-13 year-old) will be cross-over randomized to these condition (i) "Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training" (MICT), (ii) "Cooperative High-Intensity Interval Training" (C-HIIT), and (iii) Sedentary condition. Neuroelectric indices will be measures by electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye-tracking, working memory by n-back task and reading comprehension by a reading task. Discussion: The main strength of this project is that, to our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the potential association of PA, sedentarism, and physical fitness on brain structure and function, cognitive performance, and academic achievement in a developing country, which presents an important sociocultural gap. For this purpose, this project will use advanced technologies in neuroimaging (MRI), electrophysiology (EEG), and eye-tracking, as well as objective and quality measurements of several physical and cognitive health outcomes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03894241 Date of register: March 28, 2019. Retrospectively Registered. © 2019 The Author(s).Ítem The mediation effect of self–report physical activity patterns in the relationship between educational level and cognitive impairment in elderly: A cross-sectional analysis of chilean health national survey 2016–2017(MDPI, 2020-04) Solis-Urra, Patricio; Plaza-Diaz, Julio; Álvarez-Mercado, Ana Isabel; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Fernando; Cristi-Montero, Carlos; Zavala-Crichton, Juan Pablo; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Sanchez-Martinez, Javier; Abadía-Molina, FranciscoThe aims of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the association of educational level attained with cognitive impairment and (ii) to investigate the mediating effect of different self-report physical activity (PA) patterns in a large sample of older Chileans. A sample of 1571 older adults from the National Chilean Survey (2016–2017) was included. The educational level attained, PA levels, mode of commuting, sedentary time, and leisure-time PA were self-reported through validated questionnaires. Cognitive impairment was determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (modified version). Association between educational level attained and cognitive impairment was examined using logistic regression models. Counterfactual mediation models were used to test the mediating effect of self-reported PA patterns. A lower educational level was consistently associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR range 2.846 to 2.266, all p < 0.001), while leisure-time PA was the only PA pattern that partially mediated this association (proportion mediated 8.0%). In conclusion, leisure-time PA was the solely PA pattern that partially mediated the association between the educational level and cognitive impairment. The rest self-reported PA patterns did not modify this association. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.