Examinando por Autor "Padilla, Oslando"
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Ítem Explanatory Model of Self-Efficacy for Cervical Cancer Screening(IMR Press Limited, 2024-01) Corrales, Angela-Cristina Yanez; Urrutia, Maria-Teresa; Padilla, OslandoBackground: Cervical cancer (CC) screening is a public health concern, and social conditions partially explain the individual’s ability to respond to the preventive aspect of the disease. This study aims to design an explanatory model of self-efficacy (SE) for CC screening. Methods: This study was conducted on 969 women aged 25–64 years who used the public health care system in Santiago, Chile. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to generate the explanatory model for global SE index and for each of their components as function of sociodemographic factors, factors related to interaction with the health system, risk factors for CC, family functioning, and the knowledge and beliefs of women regarding the disease and its prevention. Results: The factors that explain high levels of SE are low levels of education and knowledge of the risk factors of CC, better beliefs about the barriers to and benefits of a Papanicolaou (Pap) test, participation in breast cancer screening, and highly functional family Apgar. Conclusions: To administer as many CC screening as possible, achieve effective interventions, and reach optimal coverage rates, it is necessary to consider social determinants, collaborate with other cancer screening programs, and work toward the beliefs of the population.Ítem Gestational hypothyroidism improves the ability of the female offspring to clear streptococcus pneumoniae infection and to recover from pneumococcal pneumonia(Endocrine Society, 2016-06) Nieto, Pamela A.; Peñaloza, Hernán F.; Salazar-Echegarai, Francisco J.; Castellanos, Raquel M.; Opazo, Maria Cecilia; Venegas, Luis; Padilla, Oslando; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Riedel, Claudia A.; Bueno, Susan M.Maternal thyroid hormones are essential for proper fetal development. A deficit of these hormones during gestation has enduring consequences in the central nervous system of the offspring, including detrimental learning and impaired memory. Few studies have shown that thyroid hormone deficiency has a transient effect in the number of T and B cells in the offspring gestated under hypothyroidism; however, there are no studies showing whether maternal hypothyroidism during gestation impacts the response of the offspring to infections. In this study, we have evaluated whether adult mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers have an altered response to pneumococcal pneumonia. We observed that female mice gestated in hypothyroidism have increased survival rate and less bacterial dissemination to blood and brain after an intranasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Further, these mice had higher amounts of inflammatory cells in the lungs and reduced production of cytokines characteristic of sepsis in spleen, blood, and brain at 48 hours after infection. Interestingly, mice gestated in hypothyroid mothers had basally increased vascular permeability in the lungs. These observations suggest that gestational hypothyroidism alters the immune response and the physiology of lungs in the offspring, increasing the resistance to respiratory bacterial infections.Ítem Identification of biomarkers for disease severity in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with upper or lower respiratory tract viral infections(Oxford University Press, 2022-10) Bertrand, Pablo J.; Vázquez, Yaneisi; Beckhaus, Andrea A.; González, Liliana A.; Contreras, Ana María; Ferres, Marcela; Padilla, Oslando; Riedel, Claudia A.; Kalergis, Alexis M.; Bueno, Susan M.Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) produced by viruses are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age. The immune response triggered by viral infection can induce a strong inflammation in the airways and cytokines could be considered as biomarkers for disease severity as these molecules modulate the inflammatory response that defines the outcome of patients. Aiming to predict the severity of disease during respiratory tract infections, we conducted a 1-year follow-up observational study in infants who presented upper or lower respiratory tract infections caused by seasonal respiratory viruses. At the time of enrollment, nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were obtained from infants to measure mRNA expression and protein levels of IL-3, IL-8, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. While all cytokines significantly increased their protein levels in infants with upper and lower respiratory tract infections as compared to control infants, IL-33 and IL-8 showed a significant increase in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected patients with LRTI as compared to patients with upper respiratory tract infection. We also found higher viral loads of RSV-positive samples with a greater IL-8 response at the beginning of the symptoms. Data obtained in this study suggest that both IL-8 and IL-33 could be used as biomarkers for clinical severity for infants suffering from LRTIs caused by the RSV. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Immunology. All rights reserved.Ítem Validity of a questionnaire on self-efficacy for Pap test adherence screening(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-10-26) Urrutia, María Teresa; Padilla, OslandoIntroduction: Self-efficacy has been related to different health preventive behaviors, included adherence to the Papanicolaou test—also called Pap smear or Pap test. The aim of this study is to test construct and criterion validity and reliability of a questionnaire on self-efficacy and the Pap test in Chilean women. Method: This study was carried out on a sample of 969 women of ages from 25 to 64, who are users of the public health care system in Santiago, Chile. The validity of the Self-Efficacy Scale for the Pap Smear Screening Participation (SES-PSSP) questionnaire was done by confirmatory factor analysis, external criteria by t-test, and reliability by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Three models were tested, obtaining a questionnaire with 20 items and 2 dimensions. The criteria validity was confirmed by adherence to the Pap test. The final questionnaire has a reliability of 0.95, measured by Cronbach´s alpha. Conclusion: A valid and reliable questionnaire to measure self-efficacy in relation to the Pap test is a relevant contribution in cervical cancer prevention, especially related to interventions focused on increasing adherence. Copyright © 2022 Urrutia and Padilla.