Examinando por Autor "Thapa, Rohit K."
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Ítem A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Plyometric-Jump Training on the Physical Fitness of Combat Sport Athletes(MDPI, 2023-02) Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Valdés-Badilla, Pablo; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Thapa, Rohit K.; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoWe aimed to assess the athletic performance changes in combat sport athletes (CoSAs) after plyometric-jump training (PJT), compared to control conditions, through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Following PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases were searched for includable articles, according to a PICOS approach. Using a random-effects model, Hedges’ g effects sizes (ES) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, with values of <25%, 25–75%, and >75% representing low, moderate, and high levels of heterogeneity, respectively. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Twelve eligible articles were identified for systematic review, seven of high quality and five of moderate quality, according to the PEDro scale. The studies recruited taekwondo, silat, wrestling, judo, fencing, and karate athletes (292 total participants), including specific–active and active controls. Most participants had a mean age of <18 years and were males (n = 225). Compared to the control, PJT programmes, involving 4–12 weeks and 2–3 sessions per week, induced small to moderate improvements (ES = 0.47 to 1.04) in athletes’ maximal strength (e.g., 1RM squat), vertical jump height, change-of-direction speed, and specific performance (e.g., fencing movement velocity), although without meaningful effects on body mass, fat mass, and muscle mass (ES = 0.02 to −0.06). Most (7 of 8) outcomes attained low heterogeneity. The outcome-level GRADE analysis indicated a certainty of evidence from low to moderate. In conclusion, PJT, when compared to control conditions, may improve CoSA athletic performance. © 2023 by the authors.Ítem Effects of complex-contrast training on physical fitness in male field hockey athletes(Sciendo, 2023-01) Thapa, Rohit K.; Kumar, Gopal; Weldon, Anthony; Moran, Jason; Chaabene, Helmi; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoStudy aim: This study aimed to examine the effects of a six-week complex-contrast training (CCT) intervention on the physical fitness of male field hockey athletes. Material and methods: Participants were randomized into a CCT (n = 8) or control (CG; n = 6) group. Physical fitness was assessed pre- and post-six-week intervention using a 30 m linear sprint test, medicine ball throw, standing long jump (SLJ), countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJA), modified T-test (MAT), and unilateral isokinetic maximal strength test (knee flexion and extension) of both legs. The six-week CCT intervention was integrated as three weekly sessions within the sport-specific training schedule of field hockey athletes. Each session included four contrast pair exercises (e.g., squat + squat jump). ANCOVA with baseline scores as a covariate was used to analyze the specific training effects. Results: Significant differences between CCT and CG were observed in the 30 m sprint, CMJA, MAT, and isokinetic strength (p < 0.001-0.013) after the intervention, favoring the CCT group. Further, post-hoc analyses revealed significant pre to post improvements in all dependent variables for the CCT group (p < 0.001-0.001; effect size [g] = 0.28-2.65; %Δ= 3.1-16.3), but not in the CG (p = 0.169-0.991; g = 0.00-0.32; %Δ= 0.0-2.6). Conclusion: Supplementing regular field hockey training with CCT is recommended as an effective training strategy to improve the performance of linear sprints, vertical jumps, changes of direction, and muscle strength in amateur male field hockey athletes. © 2023 Rohit K. Thapa et al., published by Sciendo. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.Ítem Effects of six weeks outdoor versus treadmill running on physical fitness and body composition in recreationally active young males: a pilot study(PeerJ Inc., 2022-07) Singh, Gaurav; Kushwah, Gaurav; Singh, Tanvi; Ramírez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Thapa, Rohit K.Background: Running as exercise may be performed either on an outdoor surface or treadmill surface. However, previous research has indicated that the nature of both the surfaces differ significantly and therefore the training outcomes from running in these surfaces may also vary. Aim: Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to compare the effects of 6-weeks of supervised outdoor running (OT) vs treadmill running (TT) on physical fitness and body composition in recreationally active young males. Methods: Participants (age: 19.82 ± 1.28 years, height: 172.6 ± 4.9 cm, body mass: 64.3 ± 8.7 kg) were randomly assigned to OT (n = 14) or TT (n = 14), and assessed for physical fitness, i.e., 50 m sprint, cardiorespiratory endurance (i.e., 1,600 m run time-trial), standing long jump (SLJ), flexibility (i.e., sit-and-reach test), and upper-body muscle endurance (i.e., push-ups repetitions), alongside body composition, i.e., body mass, body mass index (BMI), fat percentage, fat free mass, and leg skeletal muscle mass (SMM). A two (pre-post intervention) by two (OT, TT) mixed ANOVA analysed exercise-specific effects. For significant group-by-time interactions, Bonferroni adjusted paired (within-group) and independent (between-group comparisons at post) t-tests were used for post-hoc analyses. Results: Significant time-effect was found in all physical fitness variables (all p < 0.001, η2p = 0.67–0.91), body mass (p = 0.23, η2p = 0.18), BMI (p = 0.009, η2p = 0.24), body fat percentage (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.38), and leg SMM (p = 0.002–0.007, η2p = 0.25–0.33). Significant group-by-time interaction was found for 50 m sprint (p = < 0.001, η2p = 0.74), 1,600 m run (p = 0.001, η2p = 0.35), and SLJ (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.43), favouring OT. Group-specific post-hoc tests showed improvements in all physical fitness variables after OT (p = < 0.001–0.001, g = 0.69–2.32, %Δ = 3.0–12.4) and TT (p = < 0.001–0.017, g = 0.15–0.65, %Δ = 0.9–11.7), and fat percentage after OT and TT (p = 0.002–0.041, g = 0.14–0.26, %Δ = 4.3–6.0). However, leg SMM decreased in TT (p = 0.001–0.004, g = 0.14–0.15, %Δ = 6.2–6.7). Conclusions: Both OT and TT improved physical fitness and decreased fat percentage. However, compared to TT, the OT intervention preserved leg SMM and induced greater physical fitness improvements. Copyright 2022 Singh et al.Ítem Effects of Upper-Body Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness in Healthy Youth and Young Adult Participants: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023-12) Garcia-Carrillo, Exal; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Thapa, Rohit K.; Afonso, José; Granacher, Urs; Izquierdo, MikelBackground: Upper-body plyometric training (UBPT) is a commonly used training method, yet its effects on physical fitness are inconsistent and there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the topic. Objective: To examine the effects of UBPT on physical fitness in healthy youth and young adult participants compared to active, specific-active, and passive controls. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and utilized the PICOS framework. PubMed, WOS, and SCOPUS were searched. Studies were assessed for eligibility using the PICOS framework. The effects of UBPT on upper-body physical fitness were assessed, including maximal strength, medicine ball throw performance, sport-specific throwing performance, and upper limb muscle volume. The risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Means and standard deviations were used to calculate effect sizes, and the I 2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using the extended Egger's test. Certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE scale. Additional analyses included sensitivity analyses and adverse effects. Results: Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review and 30 studies in meta-analyses, involving 1412 male and female participants from various sport-fitness backgrounds. Training duration ranged from 4 to 16 weeks. Compared to controls, UBPT improved maximal strength (small ES = 0.39 95% CI = 0.15–0.63, p = 0.002, I 2 = 29.7%), medicine ball throw performance (moderate ES = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43–0.85, p < 0.001, I 2 = 46.3%), sport-specific throwing performance (small ES = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.25–0.86, p < 0.001, I 2 = 36.8%), and upper limbs muscle volume (moderate ES = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.20–1.08, p = 0.005, I 2 = 0.0%). The GRADE analyses provided low or very low certainty for the recommendation of UBPT for improving physical fitness in healthy participants. One study reported one participant with an injury due to UBPT. The other 34 included studies provided no report measure for adverse effects linked to UBPT. Conclusions: UBPT interventions may enhance physical fitness in healthy youth and young adult individuals compared to control conditions. However, the certainty of evidence for these recommendations is low or very low. Further research is needed to establish the optimal dose of UBPT and to determine its effect on female participants and its transfer to other upper-body dominated sports.Ítem Jump rope training for health and fitness in school-age participants: secondary analyses from a systematic review(Australian International Academic Centre PTY LTD, 2023) Dudagoitia Barrio, Ekaitz; Alvarez, Cristian; Thapa, Rohit K.; Ramachandran, Akhilesh K.; Singh, Utkarsh; Ramirez-Campillo, RodrigoBackground: Altering moderator variables during a jump rope training (JRT) program can provide a novel training modification that can be used to modify the specific training outcomes. JRT is commonly implemented as a traditional game activity in many countries as an old culture of physical activity in school-age participants (SAP). However, strength and conditioning professionals need to know how JRT moderator variables affect these health- and physical fitness outcomes. Thus, an evidence-gap map (EGM) could provides a clearer picture of the design of an appropriate JRT based on scientific evidence. Objective: the purpose of this systematic review secondary analysis was to assess the moderator variables related to JRT effectiveness for health and physical fitness-related outcomes in SAP. Method: literature searches were conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. The PICOS (participants, intervention, comparators, outcomes, and study design) approach was used to rate studies for eligibility. An EGM was constructed to graphically represent the body of evidence and the current research gaps. Results: 10,546 records were initially identified and finally, 8 studies were considered. A total of 186 participants were analysed in the intervention groups (16 groups). Five of Eight studies measured health-related parameters and five of eight included fitness-related parameters. Conclusion: rope weight (e.g., weighted rope i.e. 695 g), adequate post-exercise recovery strategies (e.g., dark chocolate supplementation), type of jump (e.g., freestyle), and total number of jumps, can be manipulated into JRT programs to optimise health and physical related capacities among SAP. © The Author(s) 2023.