Examinando por Autor "Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José"
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Ítem Anatomical characteristics, relations, and clinical considerations of the facial index and cephalic index in young chileans aged between 18 and 21 years(Universidad de la Frontera, 2023-12) Milos-Brandenberg, Daniel; Espinoza González, Dámaso; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Orellana-Donoso, MathiasHumans throughout history have shown similarities between both their cephalic and facial complexion, among certain ethnic groups, due to genetic and demographic factors. Several studies have demonstrated the different constitutions of specific groups of people in order to generate data of a certain population or group. The present research aims to preliminarily study the existence of possible relations between Cephalic Index and Facial Index among categories of individuals in an odontology student population from a private university in Santiago, Chile. Empirical, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. In this study, 129 students with age range 18-21 were taken as subjects in a non-probabilistic way. Regarding Cephalic Index (CI), the Retzius classification was used, and the Facial Index (FI) was measured considering the maximum height of the face, from nasion to gnathion (Na-Gn), and the maximum width, from right zygion to left zygion (Zr-Zl). In this study, 129 people were taken as sample, 82 females and 47 males. Among women, the most predominant cephalic biotype was brachycephalic (59.8 %), followed by mesocephalic (37.8 %), and dolichocephalic (2.4 %). On the other hand, men’s most common biotype was mesocephalic (57.5 %), followed by brachycephalic (36.2 %), and dolichocephalic (6.4 %). Regarding facial biotype, both in female and male subjects the following pattern was shown: euryprosopic (F: 59.7 %, M: 59.6 %), mesoprosopic (F: 26.8 %, M: 29.8 %), and leptoprosopic (F: 13.4 %, M: 10.6 %). Facial parameters of the subjects (odontology students from a Chilean university) tend to be mostly euryprosopic, followed by mesoprosopic and leptoprosopic. Additionally, mesocephalic biotypes tend to be similar to other studies conducted in Chile. © 2023, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.Ítem Anatomical variations and abnormalities of the maxillary region and clinical implications: A systematic review and metaanalysis(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2023-09) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Baez-Flores, Belén; Sepúlveda, Roberto Ávila; Medina, Claudia Moya; Pérez, Rubén; López, Esteban; Sanchis, Juan; Orellana Donoso, Mathias; Silva, Javiera Leyton; Rodriguez, Macarena Cecilia; Iwanaga, JoeObjective: The objective of this review is to investigate and analyze the anatomical variations present in the maxillary sinus (MS), through the examination of the prevalence of these variations, as well as the corresponding prevalence of clinically significant pathologies and complications associated with them. Methods: The search process was carried out in the following databases; MEDLINE, SCIELO, WOS, CINHAL, SCOPUS, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR, using as search terms; "Maxillary bone," "Maxillary sinus," "Paranasal sinus," "Anatomical variations," "Sinusitis" and "Clinical anatomy." Results: A total of 26 articles and 12969 samples were included, from which 12,594 subjects had their sex recorded giving a total of 5802 males and 6792 females. The variants reported by the included were Haller cells, Concha Bullosa, Number of septa, Hypoplastic sinus, Agger Nasi, Thickening of the MS mucosa, Deviation of the nasal septum, Accessory ostium, and Onodi cells. Among the mentioned, the ones that presented the greatest number of studies (between 8 and 10 studies included) were: the Haller Cells, the Concha Bullosa, and the Number of septa, where prevalence was 0.30, 0.36, 0.39 respectively. These variations can lead to sinusitis, cause some types of tumors, or affect neighboring structures that could be compromised by this variation. Conclusion: As a result, it is certainly complex to distinguish the presence of anatomical variations from pathological abnormalities. Therefore, knowledge of the different variations and their clinical relationships could be a useful asset for clinicians dedicated to this region. © 2023 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.Ítem Are There Differences in Postural Control and Muscular Activity in Individuals with COPD and with and Without Sarcopenia?(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Sepúlveda-Loyola, Walter; Álvarez-Bustos, Alejandro; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Ordinola Ramírez, Carla María; Saldías Solis, Carol; Probst, Vanessa SuzianeHighlights: What are the main findings? Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia exhibit poorer balance performance and reduced activation of lower limb muscles compared to those without sarcopenia. What is the implication of the main finding? It is crucial to implement prevention and management strategies that include strengthening exercises for patients with COPD and sarcopenia to reduce the risk of falls. There is a need for more detailed assessments and specific rehabilitation programs to improve balance and muscle strength in patients with COPD and sarcopenia. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare balance performance and electromyographic activity in individuals with COPD, with and without sarcopenia. Method: Thirty-five patients with COPD were classified with and without sarcopenia according to EWGSOP criteria. Balance was assessed using a force platform under four conditions: standing with feet apart and eyes opened (FHEO), eyes closed (FHEC), on an unstable surface (US), and on one leg (OLS). The surface electromyography activity of lower limb muscles and trunks was recorded. Additionally, the timed up and go test (TUG) and the Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) were also utilized. Results: Under the FHEO, FHEC, and US conditions, individuals with sarcopenia demonstrated increased velocities, larger oscillation amplitudes, and greater center of pressure displacements under the US condition (p ≤ 0.02). They also showed a higher activation of the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and abdominal muscles during OLS, along with a reduced activation of the tibialis anterior during OLS and US, and a decreased activation of the vastus medialis during FHEC and US (p ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, sarcopenic COPD patients exhibited poorer performance on the TUG and Brief-BESTest compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions: Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia demonstrated greater instability in both bipedal stances and on unstable surfaces, as well as poorer performance in both dynamic and static balance assessments. Furthermore, these individuals exhibited reduced muscular activation in the lower limbs compared to those without sarcopenia. © 2025 by the authors.Ítem Are There Differences in Postural Control and Muscular Activity in Individuals with COPD and with and Without Sarcopenia?(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-02) Sepúlveda-Loyola, Walter; Álvarez-Bustos, Alejandro; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Ordinola Ramírez, Carla María; Saldías Solis, Carol; Probst, Vanessa SuzianeHighlights: What are the main findings? Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia exhibit poorer balance performance and reduced activation of lower limb muscles compared to those without sarcopenia. What is the implication of the main finding? It is crucial to implement prevention and management strategies that include strengthening exercises for patients with COPD and sarcopenia to reduce the risk of falls. There is a need for more detailed assessments and specific rehabilitation programs to improve balance and muscle strength in patients with COPD and sarcopenia. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare balance performance and electromyographic activity in individuals with COPD, with and without sarcopenia. Method: Thirty-five patients with COPD were classified with and without sarcopenia according to EWGSOP criteria. Balance was assessed using a force platform under four conditions: standing with feet apart and eyes opened (FHEO), eyes closed (FHEC), on an unstable surface (US), and on one leg (OLS). The surface electromyography activity of lower limb muscles and trunks was recorded. Additionally, the timed up and go test (TUG) and the Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) were also utilized. Results: Under the FHEO, FHEC, and US conditions, individuals with sarcopenia demonstrated increased velocities, larger oscillation amplitudes, and greater center of pressure displacements under the US condition (p ≤ 0.02). They also showed a higher activation of the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and abdominal muscles during OLS, along with a reduced activation of the tibialis anterior during OLS and US, and a decreased activation of the vastus medialis during FHEC and US (p ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, sarcopenic COPD patients exhibited poorer performance on the TUG and Brief-BESTest compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions: Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia demonstrated greater instability in both bipedal stances and on unstable surfaces, as well as poorer performance in both dynamic and static balance assessments. Furthermore, these individuals exhibited reduced muscular activation in the lower limbs compared to those without sarcopenia.Ítem Correlación entre los Estilos de Aprendizaje Según el Modelo de Felder-Silverman y el Rendimiento Académico de la Asignatura de Morfología y Función en Estudiantes Universitarios(Universidad de la Frontera, 2023-10) Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Héctor; Araya-Quintanilla, Felipe; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Nova, Pablo; Aviles-Walles, MaickelEl objetivo del estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre la tendencia predominante del estilo de aprendizaje, según el modelo de Felder-Silverman, evaluando el rendimiento académico parcial y final de los estudiantes que cursan la asignatura Morfología y Función I. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 231 estudiantes universitarios que ingresaron a las Facultades de Salud y Educación en el primer semestre del año 2019. Para poder evaluar el rendimiento, a los estudiantes se les aplicó el cuestionario de Índice de Estilos de Aprendizaje y se correlacionó con la nota de la prueba teórica 1, la evaluación práctica 1 y el promedio final de la asignatura. Los resultados muestran que el 53,4 % del total de estudiantes evaluados son visuales, para estos estudiantes el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman fue de -0,378 para prueba teórica (p<0,001), -0.467 para evaluación práctica (p<0,001) y -0.500 para el promedio final (p<0,001). Los estudiantes visuales tienen promedio de notas más altos en la prueba teórica y el promedio final comparado con los activos (p<0,05). Se concluyó que la tendencia predominante es el visual, para estos estudiantes existe una correlación inversa y estadísticamente significativa con el rendimiento académico. Además, presentan un promedio de notas significativamente más alto que las otras tendencias.Ítem Double Transverse Foramina—An Anatomical Basis for Possible Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency Risk and Vertebral Artery Injury(MDPI, 2023-10) Tuncel Çini, Nilgün; Nalla, Shahed; Mata-Escolano, Federico; Blanco-Perez, Esther; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan A.Cervical vertebrae may exhibit the anomalous presence of a double transverse foramen (DTF) that may impact the anatomy of related structures that traverse the cervical region, such as the vertebral artery (VA). This retrospective anatomical study utilized CT angiography cervical scans to examine the prevalence of DTF, VA, and TF areas. The subjects were separated into two groups: normal TF (NTF group; 26 males and 21 females) and double TF (DTF group; 21 males and 24 females). The males presented significantly higher TF area values (30.31 ± 4.52 mm2) than the females (27.48 ± 1.69 mm2) in the NTF group (p = 0.006). The sex differences disappeared when a DTF was present (p = 0.662). There were no differences in the VA area values between the sexes in both the NTF and DTF groups (p = 0.184). No significant differences in the VA area values between males of the NTF and DTF groups (p = 0.485) were noted. The DTF subjects presented an increased VA/TF area ratio than the NTF subjects (p < 0.001). This study showed that DTF presence reduced the TF area. In contrast, the VA area did not change despite the decreasing TF area. This might be an anatomical risk for transient vertebrobasilar insufficiency in subjects with DTF, especially in females, because VA space in the TF is less in DTF subjects than in NTF subjects. This may lead to easy VA compression in DTF subjects following neck trauma.Ítem Effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid in patients with neuropathic pain associated with type i and type II diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-Analysis(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2023-11) Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; López-Chaparro, Michelle; Barahona-Vásquez, Marisol; Santana-Machuca, Andrés; Bruna-Mejias, Alejandro; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan JoséBackground: This systematic review explores the most current evidence regarding the mechanisms of neuropathic pain in patients with different types of diabetes and how this pain affects different functional and structural components of the neuroanatomical pain pathways. The review also seeks to provide guidelines for the best approach and treatment for patients experiencing this type of pain. The objective is to determine the effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in improving functional and symptomatic outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and type II. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in improving functional and symptomatic outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type I and type II. Methods: We systematically search MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science databases. Results: The findings of this review show that different forms of ALA do not present statistically significant changes for any of the scales included, including total symptom score (standardized mean difference [SMD] =-3.59, confidence interval [CI] =-4.16 to-3.02, and P <.00001), neuropathy impairment score (SMD =-1.42, CI =-3.68 to 0.84, and P =.22), and neuropathy symptom checklist (SMD =-0.09, CI =-0.15 to-0.02, and P =.01). Conclusion: In comparison to the use of a placebo, the findings suggest that ALA does not exhibit significant differences in terms of pain reduction and different functional scales. Moreover, no specific dosages are identified to support the use of ALA for the reduction of neuropathic pain. © 2023 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.Ítem Incidence and Clinical Implications of Anatomical Variations in the Pancreas and Its Ductal System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-08) Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Milos-Brandenberg, Daniel; Benavente-Urtubia, Andoni; Guerra-Loyola, Javier; Bruna-Mejias, Alejandro; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Becerra-Farfán, Álvaro; Sepulveda-Loyola, Walter; Luque-Bernal, Ricardo Miguel; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan JoséObjective: This systematic review analyzes the anatomical variants in the pancreas and its ductal system to report on their association with pancreatic pathologies. Methods: We conducted a search of the MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS databases from their inception to July 2023. The methodological quality was assessed with the Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) tool. Finally, the pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. Results: 55 studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. The overall prevalence of pancreas divisum (PD) was 18% (95% CI = 15–21%). The prevalence of PD associated with pancreatitis was 30% (95% CI = 1–61%). Conclusions: An anatomical variant of the pancreas such as PD may be the cause of bile duct obstruction, resulting in various clinical complications, such as pancreatitis. Hence, knowing this variant is extremely important for surgeons, especially for those who treat the gastroduodenal region.Ítem Prevalence and Clinical Consideration of Anatomical Variants of the Splenic Artery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(MDPI, 2023-03) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Martínez-Hernández, Daniela; Pérez-Jiménez, Daniela; Baeza, Pablo Nova; Becerra-Farfan, Álvaro; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Mejias, Alejandro Bruna; Syed, Qareen Hania; Luengo, Macarena Rodriguez; Iwanaga, JoeBackground: The spleen is the largest secondary immune organ in the body. Knowledge regarding the normal splenic vascular anatomy and its anatomical variants is crucial in the medical practice of surgeons and radiologists and is useful for diagnostic evaluations and the guidance of various surgical procedures. Hence, in this research, we aim to characterize the behavior of the lineal or splenic artery in humans from an anatomoclinical point of view. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in electronic databases to compile the available literature on the research subject. Searches were undertaken in the following databases: Medline, Scielo, Wos, Cinahl, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search terms were “Splenic artery”, “Splenic vascularization”, “Anatomical variations’’, “Splenic organ”, and “Clinical anatomy”. Results: From the 35 studies included in this review, clinical correlations of anatomical variations in the splenic artery with surgical procedures in the abdominal region were reported in 8 studies. These correlations are mainly associated with surgical procedures for the pancreas, liver, stomach, and bile ducts through imaging of the spleen. To verify our conclusions, the risk of bias of the anatomical studies was measured using the AQUA checklist. Conclusions: Recognition of the usual anatomy and anatomical variants of the splenic artery is crucial for both morphology professionals and clinicians addressing the abdominal region and its vascular components. In this review, we determined that the splenic artery could present a variation in its origin or entry into the splenic hilum, which could mean that in any abdominal intervention there may be complications if the splenic artery variation is overlooked. More anatomic clinical studies considering this variation in both diagnostic and surgical processes are suggested for further investigations.Ítem Prevalence of the Bifid Mandibular Condyle and Its Relationship with Pathologies of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(MDPI, 2023-10) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Navarro, Kora-lle Keller; Urbina, Pia; Trujillo-Riveros, Martin; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias; Rodriguez-Luengo, Macarena; Beccerra Farfan, Alvaro; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan A.The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of anatomical variants in the bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) and report its association with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology. Methods: We searched the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS databases from their inception up to September 2023. Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction, and they also assessed the methodological quality with an assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). Finally, the pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. Results: A total of 50 studies met the eligibility criteria. Twenty studies, with a total of 88,625 subjects, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of the bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) variant was 1% (95% CI = 1% to 2%). Conclusions: The correlation between the BMC and TMJ pathologies has a relatively low prevalence in studies that present a considerable number of subjects. From a clinical point of view, a direct association cannot be made between the presence of the BMC and TMJ pathologies or symptoms.Ítem Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Variants and Their Implication in Surgery and Neck Pathologies, Using the Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) Checklist(MDPI, 2023-05) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Baeza-Garrido, Vicente; Navia-Ramírez, María Fernanda; Cariseo-Ávila, Carolina; Bruna-Mejías, Alejandro; Becerra-Farfan, Álvaro; Lopez, Esteban; Orellana Donoso, Mathias; Loyola-Sepulveda, WalterIntroduction: The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the structure responsible for sensory and motor innervation of the larynx, and it has been shown that its lesion due to a lack of surgical rigor led to alterations such as respiratory obstruction due to vocal cords paralysis and permanent phonation impairment. The objectives of this review were to know the variants of the RLN and its clinical relevance in the neck region. Methods: This review considered specific scientific articles that were written in Spanish or English and published between 1960 and 2022. A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE, WOS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, SCIELO, and Latin American and Caribbean Center for Information on Health Sciences to compile the available literature on the subject to be treated and was enrolled in PROSPERO. The included articles were studies that had a sample of RLN dissections or imaging, intervention group to look for RLN variants, or the comparison of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) variants, and finally, its clinical correlations. Review articles and letters to the editor were excluded. All included articles were evaluated through quality assessment and risk of bias analysis using the methodological quality assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). The extracted data in the meta-analysis were interpreted to calculate the prevalence of the RLN variants and their comparison and the relationship between the RLN and NRLN. The heterogeneity degree between included studies was assessed. Results: The included studies that showed variants of the RLN included in this review were 41, a total of 29,218. For the statistical analysis of the prevalence of the RLN variant, a forest plot was performed with 15 studies that met the condition of having a prevalence of less than 100%. As a result, the prevalence was shown to be 12% (95% CI, SD 0.11 to 0.14). Limitations that were present in this review were the publication bias of the included studies, the probability of not having carried out the most sensitive and specific search, and finally, the authors’ personal inclinations in selecting the articles. Discussion: This meta-analysis can be considered based on an update of the prevalence of RLN variants, in addition to considering that the results show some clinical correlations such as intra-surgical complications and with some pathologies and aspects function of the vocal cords, which could be a guideline in management prior to surgery or of interest for the diagnostic. © 2023 by the authors.