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Surgical timing prevails as the main factor over morphologic characteristics in the reduction by ligamentotaxis of thoracolumbar burst fractures
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0023-12) Cirillo, Juan Ignacio; Farias, Ignacio; Del Pino, Cristóbal; Gimbernat, Marcos; Urzúa, Alejandro; Tapia, Carlos; Zamorano, Juan José
Background: thoracolumbar burst fractures are associated with spinal canal occupation. The indirect decompression of the spinal canal and reduction of the fragment can be achieved with the distraction of the middle column and ligamentotaxis. Nevertheless, the factors that influence the effectiveness of this procedure and its temporality are controversial. Methods: The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effectiveness of indirect reduction by ligamentotaxis in thoracolumbar burst fractures according to the fracture’s radiologic characteristics and the procedure’s temporality. Patients diagnosed with a thoracolumbar burst fracture between 2010 and 2021 were submitted to indirect reduction by distraction and ligamentotaxis. A retrospective analysis of radiologic characteristics and temporality of the procedure was performed with an independent sample t-test or Pearson’s correlation coefficient, as required. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the analysis. Postoperatively, ligamentotaxis significantly improved all radiologic parameters (canal occupation, endplates distance, and vertebra height). Still, none of the radiological characteristics of the fracture (width, height, position, sagittal angle) were associated with the postoperative change in canal occupation. The endplates distance and the temporality of ligamentotaxis significantly predicted the reduction of the fracture. Conclusion: Fragment reduction effectiveness is more significant when performed as early as possible and adequate distraction is achieved using the internal fixator system. The radiologic characteristics of the fractured fragment do not determine its reduction capacity. © 2023, The Author(s).
Musculoskeletal pain and upper quadrant disability in stringed-instrument students: A cross-sectional pilot study
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0024) Jara, Ornella Cheuquel; Alegría, Jetzabel Rodríguez; Carvajal-Parodi, Claudio; Arias-Álvarez, Gonzalo; Mendoza, Cristhian; Soto-Martínez, Adolfo; Guede-Rojas, Francisco
Background: Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is prevalent in musicians and is mainly located in the upper quadrant, affecting functionality. Repetitive movements, type of instrument, age, and sex influence this behavior, among other factors. Although the evidence is limited, it seems that string players are among those who most frequently report pain and disability of musculoskeletal origin. Objective: To characterize MSP and the level of upper quadrant disability associated with stringed instrument playing in conservatory students. Methods: In this cross-sectional observational pilot study, six self-reported assessment instruments were applied to 14 string students (8 males and six females) of different instruments (violin, viola, classical guitar, cello and double bass): Quick Dash Global (QDG) and High Performance/Musicians (QDL), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Chronic Pain Grading Scale (EGDC), the Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (abbreviated DN4) and the Body Map of Pain (body chart). Results: 100% of the sample presented MSP at the time of the evaluation, mostly of low intensity, being in 21.42% of the cases of chronic and disseminated character. Neuropathic pain was present in 64.28% of cases. General functionality measured with EGDC was affected in 71.42% of the individuals. Upper limb functionality presented a mean QDG of 16.4 ±15.63 and a mean QDL of 32.11 ±16.78, while at the cervical level, 64.28% presented mild to moderate disability measured with NDI. Conclusion: DME and upper quadrant disability are frequent conditions in chordophone student musicians. Future studies should deepen the causes and investigate efficient strategies to prevent these conditions throughout their training process. © 2024 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
CHILD MORTALITY IN THE PROVINCE OF CONCEPCIÓN (1900-1930)
(Universidad de Playa Ancha -Departamento De Historia, 0024) Zúñiga, Pablo Chávez; Lara, José Julián Soto
This article problematizes from a historiographic perspective the development of childhood mortality in the Province of Concepción between 1900 and 1930. The objective is to know the singularities of the fatal demographic phenomenon and the strategies that the local medical-political elite created to solve it. The tested hypothesis suggests that the incipient pediatrics in conjunction with the modernization of health works increased the quality of life of Penquistas children, gradually reducing the number of deaths. The historical sources on which hermeneutics was based were diverse: newspapers, scientific journals, municipal documentation and criminal files. The data provided by the sources made it possible to analyze the popular housing, medical demographics, food and child care, and the situation of health care centers. The conclusions emphasize that the provincial medical-political elite transformed the structural conditions and agents, allowing the indicators of infant mortality to improve in a slow process that only became noticeable towards the mid-1920s. © 2024 Universidad de Playa Ancha -Departamento De Historia. All rights reserved.
Psychosocial effects of Brazilian Truth Commission
(Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, 0024) Mathias, Anderson; Páez, Darío; Espinosa, Agustín; Alzugaray, Carolina; Sandoval, Salvador
A Truth Commission (TC) was carried out in Brazil (2012-2014) to investigate human rights violations perpetrated by state agents, especially during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). TCs are supposed to help societies on the reconstruction of social cohesion after authoritarian or violent periods. We conducted three studies with undergraduate students and adult samples between 2014 and 2017. Evaluating the TC as effective was related to higher punctuations on the variables of social cohesion, even controlling the effects of political positioning. The TC effectiveness perception was associated with the emotional reaction (both, negative or positive) and a positive attitude towards remembering the past. Nonetheless, we found some different results across the three studies. These differences are discussed. © 2024 Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved.
Psychosocial effects of Brazilian Truth Commission
(Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, 0024) Mathias, Anderson; Páez, Darío; Espinosa, Agustín; Techio, Elza Maria; Alzugaray, Carolina; Sandoval, Salvador; Sandoval, Salvador; Moraes, Albert; Albuquerque, Rosiane; Araújo, Lidiane; Pinto, Adriele
A Truth Commission (TC) was carried out in Brazil (2012-2014) to investigate human rights violations perpetrated by state agents, especially during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). TCs are supposed to help societies on the reconstruction of social cohesion after authoritarian or violent periods. We conducted three studies with undergraduate students and adult samples between 2014 and 2017. Evaluating the TC as effective was related to higher punctuations on the variables of social cohesion, even controlling the effects of political positioning. The TC effectiveness perception was associated with the emotional reaction (both, negative or positive) and a positive attitude towards remembering the past. Nonetheless, we found some different results across the three studies. These differences are discussed. © 2024 Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru. All rights reserved.
Challenges of Cultural Competencies Approach for the Health Care of Migrants in Chile
(El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, 0024) Ferrer Lues, Marcela Patricia; Jaramillo, Matías; Chepo, Macarena; Muñoz Lizana, Nelson; Ambiado Cortés, Constanza; Tijoux Merino, María Emilia
The objective of this qualitative research is to identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the acquisition or strengthening of cultural competencies in the work of primary health care professionals in Chile. Based on semi-structured interviews carried out with 32 professionals who work in a municipality of Santiago, a content analysis was performed, considering four dimensions of cultural competencies: awareness, knowledge, skills, and motivation. This analysis was discussed in eight conversation groups with primary care professionals, academics, and members of migrant groups. This made it possible to identify patterns in treatment and attention that support certain practices and values. It is concluded that the factors analyzed challenge the professionals and constitute an input to stimulate the individual and team reflection processes. © 2024, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. All rights reserved.
Outcomes with endoscopic stenting in colorectal scenario. 15 years of experience
(Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile, 0024) Prado, Diego García; Prats, Jorge Arche; Marcelo, Rodriguez G; Vallejos, Alejandro Readi; Zuñiga, Eduardo Mordojovich; Villegas, Gonzalo Campaña
Objective: To describe morbidity and mortality associated with colorectal prostheses (CP) and identify factors associated with their complications during the 2007 to 2022 at INDISA Clinic. Material and Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study based on clinical registry. Results: 49 CPs were installed with 100% clearing success. 87.8% in left colon. The main etiology was malignant 91.8% and 85.7% were primary colorectal. 34 were installed with palliative intention, 12 as a bridge to elective surgery (BTS) and 3 for benign pathology. There were 13 (26.5%) patients with adverse effects (7 strictures, 4 perforations and 2 migrations). Associated mortality was 4.1% (2 patients). The complicated group was younger, with more advanced oncological stages and rectosigmoid stenosis (p < 0.005). Those under 50 years of age had 5 times higher risk of some complication (OR = 5.0; 95% CI: 1.09-23.0; p = 0.039). Discussion: The use of CPs has low short-term morbidity and mortality. Its main use is as palliative treatment or BTS in malignant colorectal obstruction. It’s a high clearance rate. It is associated with less morbidity than emergency surgery, a lower ostomy rate, and a higher lymph node harvest. Installation as a bridge is also associated with a higher rate of primary anastomosis. Our group showed a higher complication rate in those with advanced and younger tumors. Conclusion: The use of CPs is safe, with low morbidity and mortality. The main indication is in obstructive colorectal neoplasia as palliative treatment. Young patients and advanced colorectal tumors with peritumoral nodes have a higher risk of complications. © 2024, Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile. All rights reserved.
Hepatic Hilum Variations and Their Clinical Considerations in the Liver: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0024-10) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan Jose; Pena-Santibañez, Fernanda; Vergara Salinas, Ayline; Meneses Caroca, Trinidad; Rojo-Gonzalez, Javiera; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias Ignacio; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Suazo-Santibañez, Alejandra; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Gutierrez-Espinoza, Hector
Background: The liver has a region called the hepatic hilum (HH) where structures enter and exit: anteriorly, the left and right hepatic ducts; posteriorly, the portal vein; and between these, the left and right hepatic arteries. The objective of this review is to know how variants in structures of the hepatic hilum are associated with clinical alterations of the liver. Methods: The databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS were researched until January 2024. The methodological quality was evaluated with an assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. Results: A total of six studies met the selection criteria established in this study for meta-analysis. The prevalence of hepatic hilus variants was 9% (CI = 5% to 13%), and the heterogeneity was 83%. The other studies were analyzed descriptively and with their respective clinical considerations in the presence of the variant, such as the high incidence of the Michels type III variant; among the portal vein variants, the type III variant of the Cheng classification stands out and in biliary anatomy, and the IIIa variant stands out according to the Choi classification. Conclusions: This review allowed us to know in detail the anatomical variants of HH; the structure with which the greatest care should be taken is the hepatic artery because of the probability of metastatic processes due to increased blood distribution in the hepatic lobules. Finally, we believe that new anatomical and clinical studies are needed to improve our knowledge of the relationship between HH variants and liver alterations or surgeries. © 2024 by the authors.
Cariogenic Risk in the Presence of Foods with Varied Glycemic Index in Dentistry Students. Cross-Sectional Study
(Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano, 0024-12) Angarita-Dávila, Lisse; Escobar-Zoñez, Josefa; Morales-Cerda, Kaslyn; Fuentes-Barria, Héctor; Carrasco-Hernández, María Eugenia; Aguilera-Eguía, Raúl
Introduction. Dentistry, a profession with high levels of stress, is associated with a decrease in quality of life and possible risks to oral health. Objective. Identify the cariogenic risk from foods consumed by dentistry students in the Biobío region. Methodology. Cross-sectional descriptive study with 178 dental students from the Biobio region (Chile), whose analysis considers the self-assessment of academic stress with the Academic Stress Inventory, cariogenic risk through the Lipari and Andrade Cariogenic Food Consumption Survey, and the glycemic index evaluated by the International Glycemic Index Tables. The statistical analysis considers the Chi-square test, with the effect size determined by Cramer’s V. Results. The students were 22.2 ± 3.1 years old. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 44.4% (n = 79), 52.8% (n = 94) were of normal weight, and 2.8% (n = 5) were underweight. Additionally, 59.6% (n = 106) reported low stress levels and 57.8% (n = 103) had medium cariogenic risk. The analysis of cariogenic risk revealed significant differences in the intake of 14 food groups, especially those high in sugars. In the overweight/obesity subgroup, significant differences were observed in the consumption of milk, cookies, soda crackers, candies, and sweet pastries. Conclusion. An association was found between foods rich in sugar, nutritional sta-tus, and cariogenic risk, while appetizing foods were related to academic stress. © 2025. María Cano University Foundation.
Documentary Analysis of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) and Its Effect on Depressive Disorders
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0024-12) Otero, María Carolina; Ceric, Francisco; Miranda-Rojas, Sebastián; Carreño, Carolina; Escares, Rachelly; Escobar, María José; Saracini, Chiara; Atala, Cristian; Ramírez-Barrantes, Ricardo; Gordillo-Fuenzalida, Felipe
Hypericum perforatum, also known as St. John’s Wort, pericon, or yellow grass, is known for its antidepressant potential. It could represent a natural alternative to current pharmacological antidepressant treatments, which have a high incidence of side effects in patients and therefore lead to early dropouts. Through a bibliographic revision of clinical trials and information collected from scientific articles during the first period of 2020, we aimed to evaluate whether its administration could be beneficial in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression, with fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Among the main components, hypericin and hyperforin have been related to the observed antidepressant activity; therefore, their possible mechanism of action was reviewed and highlighted. Furthermore, patients receiving Hypericum extracts were less likely to withdraw from studies because of adverse effects compared to those receiving older standard antidepressants. This review aims to provide suggestions for an alternative treatment of mild-to-moderate depression disorder under the supervision of a medical doctor, since, although it appears to be a potentially efficient treatment with a low presence of adverse effects in comparison to synthetic antidepressants, it might also interact with other medications and lead to therapeutic failures if misused for self-medication. © 2024 by the authors.
Associations of number and position of tooth loss and quality of life in the Chilean population: a cross-sectional study
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0025) Sersen, Andrés Celis; Celis-Dooner, Jorge; Buratovic, Juan Pablo Vargas; Mococain, Claudio Carrasco; Torres, Beatriz Mellado; Ferrer, Francisco Moreno; Tagle, Elizabeth López; Borroto, Duniel Ortuno
Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated the association between Quality of Life (QoL) and the prevalence of caries, periodontitis, and tooth loss. However, the role of the position and location of tooth loss in impacting QoL remains unclear. Aim: To evaluate the association of tooth loss, including anterior losses, with Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in Chileans aged 15 years and older who participated in the ENS 2016–2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we included 5473 individuals enrolled in the last Chilean National Health Survey (ENS 2016–2017). HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D questionnaire, while OHRQoL was assessed through a general question (GQ/ENS) and five specific questions (SQ/ENS). An analysis of variance test was performed to determine how difference or variation in the number(s) of teeth affected their HRQoL. Odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multinomial logistic regression to determine how and to what degree anterior tooth loss was associated both with HRQOL and OHRQOL in the study sample. Results: The number of remaining teeth was significantly higher in the ‘No problems’ group across all EQ-5D dimensions, except Anxiety/Depression. The largest difference was in Self-care, where ‘No problems’ had a mean of 20.18 compared to 6.43 teeth in the ‘Problematic’ group. Anxiety/Depression showed higher odds of ‘Some problems’ with upper anterior tooth loss, while ‘Usual Activities’ showed higher odds of ‘problematic’ with lower anterior tooth loss. Participants with an ‘Excellent’ OHRQoL perception had a mean of 24.32 teeth. Also, upper and lower anterior tooth loss increased the odds of OHRQoL self-perception. Conclusions: Tooth loss was associated with lower HRQoL and OHRQoL in some groups, with more remaining teeth associated with better outcomes, while anterior tooth loss was- linked to worse self-perceived oral health. © The Author(s) 2025.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025
High-Fat Diet in Perinatal Period Promotes Liver Steatosis and Low Desaturation Capacity of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dams: A Link with Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Mercado-López, Lorena; Muñoz, Yasna; Farias, Camila; Beyer, María Paz; Carrasco-Gutiérrez, Robinson; Caicedo-Paz, Angie Vanessa; Dagnino-Subiabre, Alexies; Espinosa, Alejandra; Espinosa, Alejandra; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation on maternal and offspring health, focusing on behavioral, metabolic, and fatty acid composition outcomes in a rat model. Methods: Twelve female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a control diet, CD (n = 6), or HFD (n = 6) for 12 weeks, encompassing mating, gestation, and lactation periods (18 weeks). Anxiety-like behavior, maternal behavior, depression-like behavior, and social play were studied. Post mortem, the liver function, hepatic steatosis, and fatty acid composition (erythrocytes, liver, adipose tissue) were evaluated. In regard to desaturase enzymes (Δ-6D and Δ-5D), liver activity, protein mass, and gene expression (RT-PCR) were analyzed. Additionally, gene expression of PPAR-α, ACOX, CPT1-α, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, mean ± SD (p < 0.05). Results: The HFD significantly increased maternal weight and anxiety-like behavior while reducing social interactions exclusively in male offspring (p < 0.05). It also led to a significant decrease in the synthesis and content of n-3 PUFAs in the analyzed tissues, induced hepatic steatosis, and upregulated the expression of pro-lipogenic genes in the maternal liver. Conclusions: These findings suggest that long-term HFD consumption alters tissue fatty acid composition, disrupts metabolic homeostasis, and contributes to behavioral changes, increasing anxiety-like behaviors in pregnant dams and reducing social interactions in male offspring. Overall, this study provides further insight into the detrimental effects of HFD consumption during the perinatal period. © 2025 by the authors.
Interventions focused on Physical Activity and Nutrition to combat obesity in children and adolescents. A scoping review
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0025) González-Carrera, Raúl; Montenegro-Espinosa, José b Send mail to Montenegro-Espinosa J.;; Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Héctor; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Castillo-Paredes, Antonio; Yañéz-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Pérez-Soto, Juan José
Introduction: Childhood and adolescent obesity represents a concerning global epidemic, driven by physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyles, and inadequate eating habits. Objective: To analyse the effectiveness of interventions focusing on physical activity and nutrition in the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent obesity. Methodology: A search for scientific studies published up to January 2025 was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The keywords used were: Children OR Adolescent AND Obesity AND Exercise AND Nutrition AND Prevention. All articles that evaluated the effect of exercise and nutrition interventions focused on obesity prevention in children and adolescents were included. The search strategy yielded 491 studies, of which 8 met the eligibility criteria. Results: Evidence shows that most young people do not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity, which is directly related to sedentary behavior and excessive screen time, factors that contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Interventions that combine nutritional education, increased physical activity, and reduced screen time show efficacy, although current programs often lack long-term sustainability. Conclusion: Comprehensive and sustained approaches involving schools, families, and communities within a health education model are needed. Thus, addressing overweight and obesity as a public health problem requires a multifaceted approach that includes improvements in nutrition, increased physical activity, and education to reduce sedentary behaviors. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Stroke speed according to anthropometric indicators, fat tissue and muscle strength in young female tennis players
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0025) Luna-Villouta, Pablo; Matus-Castillo, Carlos; Faúndez-Casanova, Cesar; Flores-Rivera, Carol; Alarcón-Rivera, Miguel; Martínez Salazar, Cristian; Paredes-Arias, Marcelo; Vargas Vitoria, Rodrigo
Introduction: In tennis, stroke speed is a characteristic factor of the game, so studying specific determinants is very valuable. Objective: To analyze the association between stroke velocity and anthropometric indicators, fat tissue and explosive muscle strength in young female tennis players. Methodology: Cross-sectional and correlational-descriptive study. Twenty-nine female tennis players (16.3±0.7 years) were evaluated. Height, body weight and skin folds were recorded. Body fat percentage (GC) was calculated. In addition, service, forehand and backhand velocity were measured with a speed radar (Pocket Radar®). Explosive muscle strength was determined by medicine ball toss (MBT), horizontal jump (SH) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests. The study was approved by a competent ethics committee in the area of a Chilean university. Results: The LBM showed a positive association with serve velocity (R2=23%), forehand (R2=17%) and backhand (R2=15%). An increase in LBM distance was positively related to an increase in stroke velocity (β= 0.07; 0.07; 0.06 km/h, respectively). Likewise, service velocity was negatively associated with ∑2 skinfolds (R2=29%), GC (R2=28%) and body weight (R2=29%). Discussion: These results partially coincide with other studies where it has been reported that upper body explosive muscle strength, fat tissue and body weight are components of physical performance that can increase stroke speed. Conclusions: The stroke speed is mostly associated with LBM. On the other hand, the service velocity is negatively related to indicators of adiposity and body weight. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025.
New Perspectives on the Molecular Action of Metformin in the Context of Cellular Transduction and Adipogenesis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) González-Casanova, Jorge Enrique; Navarro-Marquez, Mario; Saez-Tamayo, Tamara; Angarita, Lissé; Durán-Agüero, Samuel; Fuentes-Barría, Héctor; Bermúdez, Valmore; Rojas-Gómez, Diana Marcela
Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, modulates the cellular physiology and metabolism of various body tissues, including adipose tissue. Adipogenesis, a complex process in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into functional adipocytes, plays a key role in metabolic health and represents a potential therapeutic target for diverse metabolic disorders. Notably, recent evidence suggests that metformin modulates adipocyte differentiation. This narrative review explores the effects of metformin on cellular metabolism, with a particular focus on adipogenesis. The findings compiled in this review show that metformin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in multiple tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and intestine. Furthermore, metformin modulates adipogenesis through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and independent mechanisms in 3T3-L1 cells and adipose-derived stem cells. The review also emphasizes that metformin can promote or inhibit adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, depending on its concentration. Additionally, metformin attenuates inflammatory pathways by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, MCP-1, and COX-2. Finally, evidence supports that vitamin D enhances the anti-inflammatory actions of metformin and promotes cell differentiation toward a beige adipocyte phenotype. In summary, this review examines the molecular actions of metformin to propose potential new therapeutic strategies for managing obesity and related metabolic diseases. © 2025 by the authors.
Need for active commuting to improve cardiorespiratory health: analysis of a population survey in Chile
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 0025) Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime Andrés; Cigarroa Cuevas, Igor; Faúndez-Casanova, César Patricio; Álvarez Lepin, Cristian; Luna-Villouta, Pablo Felipe; Castillo-Retamal, Marcelo Eduardo
Introduction: increased active commuting is associated with increases in cardiorespiratory fitness. Evidence in Chile is scarce. Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and active commuting in the Chilean population. Methodology: we analysed data from 5292 cases related to walking speed (brisk, normal, slow) and 1861 cases of active commuting via walking or cycling (measured in minutes) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017. The fitness was estimated using five equations. The association between fitness, walking speed, and active commuting was assessed through linear regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic, anthropometric, and health-related confounding variables. Results: in the unadjusted models, "brisk" walking speed was associated with a fitness increase ranging from 3.3 to 4.5 mlO2/kg/min. After adjusting for sociodemographic, anthropometric, and health variables, the fitness increment for "brisk" walking speed ranged from 0.1 to 3.7 mlO2/kg/min in three models (all p < 0.001). Conversely, for every one-minute increase in active commuting via walking or cycling, the fitness increased between 0.06 and 0.07 mlO2/kg/min in four unadjusted models (p < 0.001). Consequently, a daily increase of 10 minutes in active commuting, sustained over five days, was associated with a fitness increment ranging from 28.5 to 32 mlO2/kg/min. Conclusions: engaging in "brisk" walking and increasing the duration of walking or bicycle commuting significantly enhanced fitness, irrespective of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and health factors. © 2025 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Developing socio-epidemiological indicators of sexual health among migrant population in Chile
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0025) Adrian Parra, Constanza; Stuardo Ávila, Valeria; Lisboa Donoso, Cristian; Low Andrade, Kenny; Solís, Débora; Gómez, Danilo; Cortés, Evelyn; Núñez Hernandez, Carolina; Parra Hidalgo, Víctor; Lobos Vega, Carlos; Belmar Prieto, Julieta; Contreras Hernández, Paola
Background: Monitoring and responding to the sexual health needs of migrants is crucial, given their vulnerability during migration. Therefore, this study aimed to develop socio-epidemiological indicators related to sexual health and communicable diseases among the migrant population in Chile, including dimensions of the contexts of vulnerability and migratory trajectories. Method: We used a mixed methodology within the framework of implementation research and community-based research based on qualitative data, secondary sources, and expert judgment to construct socio-epidemiological indicators related to sexual health among the migrant population in Chile, including vulnerability and migration trajectories. Preliminary indicators were defined. First, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with individuals of migrant origin and focus groups with members of community-based organizations, primary healthcare providers, and experts. These instruments were then complemented with indicators from secondary sources. The set of indicators was subjected to content validation and ranking through Delphi Groups and expert judgment, ending with validation through a field pilot test. Results: The result was a definitive instrument that included 94 indicators, distributed into 73 questions that correspond to the following dimensions: sociodemographic background, migratory history, and contexts of vulnerability, violence, connection with the Chilean health system, sexual practices, sex work, sexual health (including HIV and STIs) and access to sexual health services, and sexual health needs. Conclusion: Participation of the target population and key actors allowed for consensus on a highly sensitive data collection instrument since its indicators account for the contexts of vulnerability and key structural aspects to address sexual health among migrants from an intersectional perspective. © The Author(s) 2025.
High-Fat Diet in Perinatal Period Promotes Liver Steatosis and Low Desaturation Capacity of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Dams: A Link with Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rats
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025) Mercado-López, Lorena; Muñoz, Yasna; Farias, Camila; Beyer, María Paz; Carrasco-Gutiérrez, Robinson; Caicedo-Paz, Angie Vanessa; Dagnino-Subiabre, Alexies; Espinosa, Alejandra; Valenzuela, Rodrigo
Background/Objectives: This study investigates the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation on maternal and offspring health, focusing on behavioral, metabolic, and fatty acid composition outcomes in a rat model. Methods: Twelve female Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a control diet, CD (n = 6), or HFD (n = 6) for 12 weeks, encompassing mating, gestation, and lactation periods (18 weeks). Anxiety-like behavior, maternal behavior, depression-like behavior, and social play were studied. Post mortem, the liver function, hepatic steatosis, and fatty acid composition (erythrocytes, liver, adipose tissue) were evaluated. In regard to desaturase enzymes (Δ-6D and Δ-5D), liver activity, protein mass, and gene expression (RT-PCR) were analyzed. Additionally, gene expression of PPAR-α, ACOX, CPT1-α, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS was assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, mean ± SD (p < 0.05). Results: The HFD significantly increased maternal weight and anxiety-like behavior while reducing social interactions exclusively in male offspring (p < 0.05). It also led to a significant decrease in the synthesis and content of n-3 PUFAs in the analyzed tissues, induced hepatic steatosis, and upregulated the expression of pro-lipogenic genes in the maternal liver. Conclusions: These findings suggest that long-term HFD consumption alters tissue fatty acid composition, disrupts metabolic homeostasis, and contributes to behavioral changes, increasing anxiety-like behaviors in pregnant dams and reducing social interactions in male offspring. Overall, this study provides further insight into the detrimental effects of HFD consumption during the perinatal period. © 2025 by the authors.

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