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Surgical timing prevails as the main factor over morphologic characteristics in the reduction by ligamentotaxis of thoracolumbar burst fractures
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0023-12) Cirillo, Juan Ignacio; Farias, Ignacio; Del Pino, Cristóbal; Gimbernat, Marcos; Urzúa, Alejandro; Tapia, Carlos; Zamorano, Juan José
Background: thoracolumbar burst fractures are associated with spinal canal occupation. The indirect decompression of the spinal canal and reduction of the fragment can be achieved with the distraction of the middle column and ligamentotaxis. Nevertheless, the factors that influence the effectiveness of this procedure and its temporality are controversial. Methods: The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effectiveness of indirect reduction by ligamentotaxis in thoracolumbar burst fractures according to the fracture’s radiologic characteristics and the procedure’s temporality. Patients diagnosed with a thoracolumbar burst fracture between 2010 and 2021 were submitted to indirect reduction by distraction and ligamentotaxis. A retrospective analysis of radiologic characteristics and temporality of the procedure was performed with an independent sample t-test or Pearson’s correlation coefficient, as required. Results: A total of 58 patients were included in the analysis. Postoperatively, ligamentotaxis significantly improved all radiologic parameters (canal occupation, endplates distance, and vertebra height). Still, none of the radiological characteristics of the fracture (width, height, position, sagittal angle) were associated with the postoperative change in canal occupation. The endplates distance and the temporality of ligamentotaxis significantly predicted the reduction of the fracture. Conclusion: Fragment reduction effectiveness is more significant when performed as early as possible and adequate distraction is achieved using the internal fixator system. The radiologic characteristics of the fractured fragment do not determine its reduction capacity. © 2023, The Author(s).
Hepatic Hilum Variations and Their Clinical Considerations in the Liver: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0024-10) Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan Jose; Pena-Santibañez, Fernanda; Vergara Salinas, Ayline; Meneses Caroca, Trinidad; Rojo-Gonzalez, Javiera; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias Ignacio; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Suazo-Santibañez, Alejandra; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Gutierrez-Espinoza, Hector
Background: The liver has a region called the hepatic hilum (HH) where structures enter and exit: anteriorly, the left and right hepatic ducts; posteriorly, the portal vein; and between these, the left and right hepatic arteries. The objective of this review is to know how variants in structures of the hepatic hilum are associated with clinical alterations of the liver. Methods: The databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS were researched until January 2024. The methodological quality was evaluated with an assurance tool for anatomical studies (AQUA). The pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. Results: A total of six studies met the selection criteria established in this study for meta-analysis. The prevalence of hepatic hilus variants was 9% (CI = 5% to 13%), and the heterogeneity was 83%. The other studies were analyzed descriptively and with their respective clinical considerations in the presence of the variant, such as the high incidence of the Michels type III variant; among the portal vein variants, the type III variant of the Cheng classification stands out and in biliary anatomy, and the IIIa variant stands out according to the Choi classification. Conclusions: This review allowed us to know in detail the anatomical variants of HH; the structure with which the greatest care should be taken is the hepatic artery because of the probability of metastatic processes due to increased blood distribution in the hepatic lobules. Finally, we believe that new anatomical and clinical studies are needed to improve our knowledge of the relationship between HH variants and liver alterations or surgeries. © 2024 by the authors.
Cariogenic Risk in the Presence of Foods with Varied Glycemic Index in Dentistry Students. Cross-Sectional Study
(Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano, 0024-12) Angarita-Dávila, Lisse; Escobar-Zoñez, Josefa; Morales-Cerda, Kaslyn; Fuentes-Barria, Héctor; Carrasco-Hernández, María Eugenia; Aguilera-Eguía, Raúl
Introduction. Dentistry, a profession with high levels of stress, is associated with a decrease in quality of life and possible risks to oral health. Objective. Identify the cariogenic risk from foods consumed by dentistry students in the Biobío region. Methodology. Cross-sectional descriptive study with 178 dental students from the Biobio region (Chile), whose analysis considers the self-assessment of academic stress with the Academic Stress Inventory, cariogenic risk through the Lipari and Andrade Cariogenic Food Consumption Survey, and the glycemic index evaluated by the International Glycemic Index Tables. The statistical analysis considers the Chi-square test, with the effect size determined by Cramer’s V. Results. The students were 22.2 ± 3.1 years old. The prevalence of overweight or obesity was 44.4% (n = 79), 52.8% (n = 94) were of normal weight, and 2.8% (n = 5) were underweight. Additionally, 59.6% (n = 106) reported low stress levels and 57.8% (n = 103) had medium cariogenic risk. The analysis of cariogenic risk revealed significant differences in the intake of 14 food groups, especially those high in sugars. In the overweight/obesity subgroup, significant differences were observed in the consumption of milk, cookies, soda crackers, candies, and sweet pastries. Conclusion. An association was found between foods rich in sugar, nutritional sta-tus, and cariogenic risk, while appetizing foods were related to academic stress. © 2025. María Cano University Foundation.
Documentary Analysis of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) and Its Effect on Depressive Disorders
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0024-12) Otero, María Carolina; Ceric, Francisco; Miranda-Rojas, Sebastián; Carreño, Carolina; Escares, Rachelly; Escobar, María José; Saracini, Chiara; Atala, Cristian; Ramírez-Barrantes, Ricardo; Gordillo-Fuenzalida, Felipe
Hypericum perforatum, also known as St. John’s Wort, pericon, or yellow grass, is known for its antidepressant potential. It could represent a natural alternative to current pharmacological antidepressant treatments, which have a high incidence of side effects in patients and therefore lead to early dropouts. Through a bibliographic revision of clinical trials and information collected from scientific articles during the first period of 2020, we aimed to evaluate whether its administration could be beneficial in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression, with fewer side effects compared to synthetic drugs. Among the main components, hypericin and hyperforin have been related to the observed antidepressant activity; therefore, their possible mechanism of action was reviewed and highlighted. Furthermore, patients receiving Hypericum extracts were less likely to withdraw from studies because of adverse effects compared to those receiving older standard antidepressants. This review aims to provide suggestions for an alternative treatment of mild-to-moderate depression disorder under the supervision of a medical doctor, since, although it appears to be a potentially efficient treatment with a low presence of adverse effects in comparison to synthetic antidepressants, it might also interact with other medications and lead to therapeutic failures if misused for self-medication. © 2024 by the authors.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025.
Clinical Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain and Its Relationship with Cancer in Different Corporal Areas—A Systematic Review
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-01) Danés-López, Fernanda; Diaz-Palominos, Cristóbal; Ortiz Domínguez, Anggie; Silva Rodriguez, Alanna; Astorga, Constanza; Martínez-Hernández, Daniela; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan Jose; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Suazo-Santibáñez, Alejandra; Oyanedel-Amaro, Gustavo; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias
Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) and cancer are caused by nerve damage due to cancer or treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, with a prevalence that can reach up to 40%. Causes of neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) include direct nerve invasion or compression by the tumor, as well as neural toxicity associated with treatments. This type of pain is classified into several categories, such as plexopathy, radiculopathy, and peripheral neuropathies. Methods: Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS databases were searched until October 2024. Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. Methodological quality was analyzed using the Robins-I tool. Results: The main findings of this review indicate that, depending on the cancer type, neuropathic pain will exhibit different characteristics, as well as identifying which types of cancer have a higher probability of presenting neuropathic pain. Additionally, there is a direct relationship whereby the more advanced the cancer, the greater the likelihood of experiencing neuropathic pain. Finally, although chemotherapy is employed as a cancer treatment, this therapy is quite invasive, and one of its adverse effects is that treated patients have a higher probability of developing neuropathic pain. Conclusions: Neuropathic pain is a condition that adversely affects patients with cancer. A detailed understanding of the relationships and triggers that produce this condition is present in only a small percentage of patients with cancer and is necessary to provide better treatment and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of neuropathic pain. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between different types of cancer or various treatments and the presence of NP. © 2025 by the authors.
Dietary Counseling: An Option to Malnutrition and Masticatory Deficiency in Patients with Total Protheses? A Scoping Review
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-01) Cifuentes-Suazo, Gloria; Alarcón-Apablaza, Josefa; Jarpa-Parra, Marcela; Venegas, Camila; Marinelli, Franco; Fuentes, Ramón
Given the rising global population of older adults and their association with edentulism and the use of complete removable prostheses [CRP], it is imperative to pursue solutions for issues such as the relationship between poor diets and masticatory deficiency. Objective: To examine the research on the efficacy of dietary counseling in enhancing mastication and nutrition in older adults with CRP. Methods: A systematic literature review was performed in the PubMed, Trip, and Web of Science databases. Results: 812 results were retrieved from the databases, from which 6 clinical studies that fulfilled the qualifying criteria were selected. The selected studies reported reduced nutrition in patients with CRP due to impaired masticatory function. Research suggests that employing basic dietary guidelines or simplified nutritional recommendations enhances the masticatory function of patients with CRP, thereby ensuring sufficient nutritional intake. Conclusion: Dietary counseling improves nutritional intake and masticatory function in patients with CRP. This would allow simple dietary advice to be given to patients with total prostheses in clinical practice. Further randomized clinical trials are recommended to increase the available evidence. © 2024 by the authors.
Clinical Characteristics of Neuropathic Pain and Its Relationship with Cancer in Different Corporal Areas—A Systematic Review
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-01) Danés-López, Fernanda; Diaz-Palominos, Cristóbal; Ortiz Domínguez, Anggie; Silva Rodriguez, Alanna; Astorga, Constanza; Martínez-Hernández, Daniela; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan Jose; Sanchis-Gimeno, Juan; Nova-Baeza, Pablo; Suazo-Santibáñez, Alejandra; Oyanedel-Amaro, Gustavo; Orellana-Donoso, Mathias
Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) and cancer are caused by nerve damage due to cancer or treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, with a prevalence that can reach up to 40%. Causes of neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) include direct nerve invasion or compression by the tumor, as well as neural toxicity associated with treatments. This type of pain is classified into several categories, such as plexopathy, radiculopathy, and peripheral neuropathies. Methods: Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS databases were searched until October 2024. Two authors independently performed the search, study selection, and data extraction. Methodological quality was analyzed using the Robins-I tool. Results: The main findings of this review indicate that, depending on the cancer type, neuropathic pain will exhibit different characteristics, as well as identifying which types of cancer have a higher probability of presenting neuropathic pain. Additionally, there is a direct relationship whereby the more advanced the cancer, the greater the likelihood of experiencing neuropathic pain. Finally, although chemotherapy is employed as a cancer treatment, this therapy is quite invasive, and one of its adverse effects is that treated patients have a higher probability of developing neuropathic pain. Conclusions: Neuropathic pain is a condition that adversely affects patients with cancer. A detailed understanding of the relationships and triggers that produce this condition is present in only a small percentage of patients with cancer and is necessary to provide better treatment and gain a more comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of neuropathic pain. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between different types of cancer or various treatments and the presence of NP. © 2025 by the authors.
SOCIAL VALUE OF RESEARCH IN PEDIATRIC INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAMS ADDRESSING SPECIAL HEALTH NEEDS
(Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 0025-01) Villa-Velásquez, Jenifer; Reynaldos-Grandón, Katiuska; Chepo, Macarena; Rivera-Rojas, Flérida; Valencia-Contrera, Miguel
Ethical guidelines highlight the importance of social value in research. However, there is little analysis regarding what constitutes social value at a practical level, especially in contexts of care for special health needs. Objective: To analyze the social value of research in interdisciplinary work teams of children with special health needs. Methods: Integrative review, consulting the PubMed, Web of Science SCOPUS, CINAHL, and VHL databases in April 2024. Original articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included without temporal discrimination. 21 articles were selected, and content analysis was performed. The elements present in the approach to social value were grouped according to reference points of this principle, according to Ezekiel Emanuel's perspective. Results: The need to strengthen mechanisms to increase social value is evident through strong and continuous collaborative partnerships, with the purpose of generating greater impact in the implementation of interdisciplinary work. Conclusion: The need to develop strategies that encourage collaboration between partners involved in research is confirmed, as well as to expand dissemination outside the academic field, thereby concretizing and increasing social value. © 2025, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu. All rights reserved.
Are There Differences in Postural Control and Muscular Activity in Individuals with COPD and with and Without Sarcopenia?
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Sepúlveda-Loyola, Walter; Álvarez-Bustos, Alejandro; Valenzuela-Fuenzalida, Juan José; Ordinola Ramírez, Carla María; Saldías Solis, Carol; Probst, Vanessa Suziane
Highlights: What are the main findings? Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia exhibit poorer balance performance and reduced activation of lower limb muscles compared to those without sarcopenia. What is the implication of the main finding? It is crucial to implement prevention and management strategies that include strengthening exercises for patients with COPD and sarcopenia to reduce the risk of falls. There is a need for more detailed assessments and specific rehabilitation programs to improve balance and muscle strength in patients with COPD and sarcopenia. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare balance performance and electromyographic activity in individuals with COPD, with and without sarcopenia. Method: Thirty-five patients with COPD were classified with and without sarcopenia according to EWGSOP criteria. Balance was assessed using a force platform under four conditions: standing with feet apart and eyes opened (FHEO), eyes closed (FHEC), on an unstable surface (US), and on one leg (OLS). The surface electromyography activity of lower limb muscles and trunks was recorded. Additionally, the timed up and go test (TUG) and the Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) were also utilized. Results: Under the FHEO, FHEC, and US conditions, individuals with sarcopenia demonstrated increased velocities, larger oscillation amplitudes, and greater center of pressure displacements under the US condition (p ≤ 0.02). They also showed a higher activation of the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and abdominal muscles during OLS, along with a reduced activation of the tibialis anterior during OLS and US, and a decreased activation of the vastus medialis during FHEC and US (p ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, sarcopenic COPD patients exhibited poorer performance on the TUG and Brief-BESTest compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions: Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia demonstrated greater instability in both bipedal stances and on unstable surfaces, as well as poorer performance in both dynamic and static balance assessments. Furthermore, these individuals exhibited reduced muscular activation in the lower limbs compared to those without sarcopenia. © 2025 by the authors.
Transcriptional activation of genes associated with the matrisome is a common feature of senescent endothelial cells
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 0025-04) González, Ignacia; Arredondo, Sebastián B; Maldonado-Agurto, Rodrigo
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence impairs key ECs functions which are necessary for vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular diseases. In order to gain insights into these mechanisms, we analyzed publicly available RNA-seq datasets to identify gene expression changes in senescent ECs induced by doxorubicin, irradiation, and replication exhaustion. While only a few genes were consistently differentially expressed across all conditions, some gene ontologies (GO) were shared. Among these, our analysis focused on validating the expression of genes associated with the matrisome, which includes genes encoding for extracellular matrix (ECM) structural components and ECM-associated proteins, in a doxorubicin-induced senescence model. Our results show that the matrisome transcriptome undergoes significant remodeling in senescent endothelial cells, regardless of the specific inducers of senescence, highlighting the importance of understanding how ECM alterations affect senescence. © The Author(s) 2025.
Reliability and validity of the revised impact on family scale (RIOFS) in the hospital context
(Springer, 201-12) Jalil, Yorschua F.; Villarroel1, Gregory S.; Silva, Alejandra A.; Briceño, Lilian S.; Perez Ormeño, Vanessa; Ibáñez, Nicolas S.; Méndez, Paulina A.; Canales, Cristina F.; Méndez, Mireya A.
Background: The lack of formal instruments to measure Burden in primary caregivers of Children in a hospital context is limited because mostly of published instruments are related to cancer survivors, ambulatory environment or general context for children with chronic conditions, but none of them adapted property to prolonged hospitalization context. This leaves the rising population of hospitalized chronic children’s caregivers without a proper assessment. The aim of this study was to develop a version of the Revised Impact on Family Scale adapted to primary caregivers of chronic hospitalized children. A cross-sectional study with two main stages was conducted. The first one describes the linguistic and contextual adaptation process of the instrument, and the second refers to the psychometric testing and analysis. Results: Less than 15% of the participants expressed problems with some adapted items in the scale. Eighty-six caregivers were evaluated at Josefina Martinez Hospital, mostly female (34.2 ± 11.6 years old). Majority of participants were graduated from high school, salaried employee and mothers of the chronic child. The scale exhibits a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73), excellent intra-observer reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 0.9), acceptable empirical evaluation of content validity and low and negative construct validity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient − 0.23). Conclusions: This adapted version of the Revised Impact on Family Scale to the hospital context is a reliable, valid, self-administered and simple instrument to implement in order to assess the burden of primary caregivers with chronic hospitalized children. © 2019, The Author(s).
Arterias metatarsianas plantares en el hombre
(Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía, 2001) Gabrielli, C.; Olave, E.; Mandiola, E.; Braga, M. T. T.
El principal elemento arterial del pie es el arco plantar profundo (APP), del cual se originan entre otras, las aa. metatarsianas plantares (AMP), responsables por la irrigación de parte de la región plantar profunda y de los dedos. Con el objetivo de aportar detalles anatómicos y biométricos a la cirugía e imagenología del pie, estudiamos el número de AMP, origen, trayecto y calibre de las mismas. El estudio fue realizado en 50 pies de 25 cadáveres de individuos adultos, brasileños, de ambos sexos. Las arterias fueron inyectadas con látex neoprene (Artifix L14) teñido de rojo, para luego disecar la región plantar por planos. Observamos 3 AMP en 5 casos (10%), de las cuales, 2 no tenían la 2a AMP (4% del total) y 3 la 4a AMP (6%). La presencia de 4 AMP fue encontrada en 43 pies (86%) y sólo en 2 (4%) se encontraron 5 AMP. Las 1a y 2a AMP se originaron del APP o de la arteria dorsal del pie, mientras que las 3a y 4a AMP siempre provinieron del APP. Cuando las arterias fueron otorgadas por el APP, en 6% de los casos las 1a y 2a AMP se originaron de un tronco común, situación que también ocurrió con las 2a y 3a AMP (10%) y con las 3a y 4a AMP (8%). La 1a AMP transcurrió por el primer espacio interóseo en 92% de los casos y las 2a, 3a y 4a AMP lo hicieron por el espacio correspondiente en 100%. El calibre promedio de la 1a AMP fue de 1,73 mm, el de la 2a de 1,43 mm, el de la 3a de 1,54 mm y el de la 4a de 1,52 mm. La 1a AMP fue más calibrosa que la 2a AMP en ambos lados. Estas cuatro arterias alcanzan las comisuras interdigitales y son fundamentales para la irrigación de los dedos del pie.
In vitro biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Alternaria alternata in the presence of growth regulators
(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2001-08) Roco, Angela; Pérez, Luz María
The in vitro biocontrol ability of Trichoderma harzianum on the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata improved in the presence of the growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA3), or indolacetic acid (IAA) or benzylaminopurine (BAP) or foliar nutrient at concentrations similar or higher than those used at the field level. These plant hormones decreased the secretion of endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG) of A. alternata by approximately 20%, did not modify endochitinase (endo-CH) secretion of T. harzianum and did not alter germination of conidia or mycelia growth of any of these fungi. The presence of T. harzianum decreased endo-PGase secretion of A. alternata by about 50%. This inhibitory effect was independent of the presence of growth regulators. The level of secreted endo-PG of T. harzianum was not modified by the presence of A. alternata, but the presence of this phytopathogen in cultures of T. harzianum, increased both the growth of the biocontroller and its secretion of endo-CH.
Relaciones anatómicas entre la arteria cerebelar anterior inferior y el nervio trigémino
(Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía, 2002) Mandiola, E.; Olave, E.; Alarcón, E.
La relación anatómica entre la arteria cerebelar anterior inferior con el nervio trigémino, tiene importancia en algunas enfermedades provocadas por compresión neurovascular, aneurismas y procesos expansivos. Con el propósito de aportar detalles sobre estas relaciones, estudiamos 70 cerebelos obtenidos de cadáveres de ambos sexos, con registros bioantropológicos considerando el lado, sexo e índice cefálico de los individuos. El sistema arterial fue inyectado con látex neopreno, fijados en solución de formalina y disecados, usando microscopio estereoscópico. De acuerdo al índice cefálico, a los individuos los clasificamos en grupos dólico-mesocéfalos y braquicéfalos. En el lado derecho, la arteria cerebelar anterior inferior contactó con el nervio trigémino en el 19% de los casos en el sexo masculino y en el 7 % en el sexo femenino; en el 16% del grupo dólico-mesocéfalo y en el 13% del grupo braquicéfalo. En el lado izquierdo, la arteria cerebelar anterior inferior contactó con el nervio trigémino en el 17% de los casos en el sexo masculino y en el 7 % en el sexo femenino; en el 13% del grupo dólico-mesocéfalo y en el 13% del grupo braquicéfalo. Creemos que la variabilidad observada es importante considerarla durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos, evidenciando la heterogeneidad de nuestras poblaciones indoamericanas.
A putative RNA editing from U to C in a mouse mitochondrial transcript
(Oxford University Press, 2002-05) Villegas, J.; Müller, I.; Arredondo, J.; Pinto, R.; Burzio, L.O.
Recently, we isolated and characterized a new mouse mitochondrial RNA molecule containing the mitochondrial 16S RNA plus 121 nt joined to the 5′ end of the RNA. This fragment arises from the L strand of the same gene and we have named this transcript chimeric RNA. At position 121 of the RNA there is a C, which, according to the sequence of the mitochondrial 16S RNA gene, should be a U. We hypothesized that this RNA is synthesized having a U at position 121, which is later substituted to a C by a putative editing reaction. Based on the presence of sites for the restriction endonucleases RsaI and Fnu4HI around position 121, both forms of the RNA were detected in mouse tissues. To confirm the presence of the non-edited and putative edited RNA, a fragment containing the first 154 nt of the RNA was amplified by RT–PCR and cloned. The substitution of U for C was demonstrated by sequencing these clones. In vitro transcription experiments demonstrated that the substitution of U for C is not due to artifact of amplification or cloning. Moreover, in mitochondria from testis only the non-edited form was found. This, together with other experimental evidence, demonstrated that the base substitution was not due to polymorphism of the mitochondrial 16S RNA gene. This is the first demonstration of a substitution reaction from U to C in a mammalian mitochondrial transcript.
Desintrometría ósea en mujeres chilenas normales en edad fértil: correlación con valores referenciales y variables antropométricas
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2004) Lobo S., Gabriel; Ladrón de Guevara H., David; Zerboni A., Alexandra
Background: Bone mineral density results are expressed as the number of standard deviations from reference values in similar populations. However, these reference values have not been obtained locally and there may be discrepancies between Chilean and other Hispanic populations. Aim: To evaluate the results of DEXA in healthy Chilean women and to correlate them with reference values and anthropometric parameters. Material and Method: We studied prospectively 166 normal women aged between 15 and 55 years, using a Hologic QDR 1000 equipment, yielding bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area (A) in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). These bone densitometric variables were correlated with weight, height and age of women and compared against the reference values of the Hologic equipment. Relation between BMC and A was evaluated using a regression analysis. Results: BMD and BMC were lower to reference values in most age groups, especially for LS. There was a significant correlation of BMD with A in LS (r: 0.278, p <0.001), weight in both LS (r: 0.382, p <0.0001) and FN (r: 0.266, p <0.001), height in LS (r: 0.258, p <0.001) and age in FN (r: -0.231, p <0.01). Only in LS, regression analysis between A and BMC did not show direct proportionality. Conclusions: BMD of healthy Chilean women was lower than the reference values of the Hologic equipment for most age groups. Bone densitometric variables are non uniformly influenced by weight, height and size of bone structures (A) in normal women, especially in LS. Correct interpretation of DEXA requires the validation of reference values and to assess the value of bone area measurements (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 681-90).
Calidad microbiológica de una fórmula enteral lista para usar
(Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2004) Kehr S., Juan; Morales V., Blanca; Contreras Sch., Paula; Castillo D., Loriana; Aranda Ch., Waldo
To determinate and compare the microbiological quality of a ready to use enteral formula (EF): liquid ADN™ during different periods of time. Methods: The study was developed in the Hospital formula-preparing room. Twenty liters of EF were delivered in 40 plastic sterile bottles using aseptic technique, and were maintained at room temperature during 24 hours. Feed samples of 50 ml at time 0 and at 24 hours were obtained and frozen at _70º C, until they were investigated (40 feed samples of EF were cultivated at preparation time 0, and 24 hours). Mesophile count (Me), total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) bacteria were investigated. The feed samples were analized at the Microbiologic Laboratory of CESMEC. The microbial quality standards (MQS) were at time 0: < 10² UFC/ml of (Me), and no (TC) and (FC). At 24 hours: < 10³ UFC/ml of (Me), < 10 UFC/ml of (TC) and no (FC).The statistical data analysis was done using Stata program and Z test was used for proportions. The level of p < 0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average of fulfilment (MQS) for liquid ADN™ at time 0, and 24 hours was 100% and 95% (p = 0,3) for Me. TC got 100% fulfilment (MQS) at any time. FC were not detected at any time. Conclusions: Liquid ADN™can be hung during 24 hours at room temperature.
Valor de la biopsia vulvar en el diagnóstico de liquen escleroso en pacientes con alteraciones vulvares crónicas
(Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 2004) Sanhueza R., Pablo; Yaksic B., Nicole; Chahuán I., Karina
Resumen: Se presenta un estudio prospectivo donde se realizó biopsia vulvar a pacientes con síntomas y/o alteraciones vulvares crónicas de más de un año de evolución. Se destaca la importancia de la biopsia vulvar como un procedimiento sencillo, barato y exento de complicaciones, vital en la confirmación diagnóstica de liquen escleroso
Osteoporosis-related life habits and knowledge about osteoporosis among women in El Salvador: A cross-sectional study
(BMC, 2004-08) Hernandez-Rauda, R.; Martinez-Garcia, S.
Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder, characterized by reduced bone mass, deterioration of bone structure, increased bone fragility, and increased fracture risk. It is more frequent to find among women than men at a 4:1 ratio. Evidence suggests that to adopt changes on some life habits can prevent or delay development of osteoporosis. Several osteoporosis-risk factors have been confirmed in the US and western Europe, but in El Salvador there are neither reliable epidemiological statistics about this skeletal disorder nor studies addressing osteoporosis-risk factors in women. The aim of this study was to determinate the extent of osteoporosis knowledge, the levels of both daily calcium intake and weight-bearing physical activity, and the influence of several osteoporosis-risk factors on these variables in three age groups of Salvadorean women. Methods: In this exploratory cross-sectional study, an osteoporosis knowledge assessment questionnaire incluiding a food frequency and a physical activity record section were used to collect data and it was delivered through a face-to-face interview. A convenience sample (n = 197) comprised of three groups of women aged 25-35 years, 36-49 years, and over 49 years was taken. Among-group comparisons of means were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. To determinate the overall influence of osteoporosis-risk factors, the multivariate analysis was used. Results: Study results indicated that better educated women had more knowledge about osteoporosis than women with a low education level, regardless of age, even though this knowledge was rather fair. Older women got more weight-bearing physical activity at home and less at place of employment than reported by the younger women; however, neither group performed sufficient high-intensity WBPA to improve bone mass. Regardless of age, the most women consumed 60% or less than the Dietary Reference Intake of calcium and depend on household income, lactose intolerance and coffee rather than milk consumption. Conclusion: In summary, the majority of women in this study have modest knowledge on osteoporosis. The knowledge base is not linked to preventive health habits, including sufficient calcium intake and performance of weight-bearing physical activities. They are thus at increased risk for low bone mass.

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