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Reliability and validity of the revised impact on family scale (RIOFS) in the hospital context
(Springer, 201-12) Jalil, Yorschua F.; Villarroel1, Gregory S.; Silva, Alejandra A.; Briceño, Lilian S.; Perez Ormeño, Vanessa; Ibáñez, Nicolas S.; Méndez, Paulina A.; Canales, Cristina F.; Méndez, Mireya A.
Background: The lack of formal instruments to measure Burden in primary caregivers of Children in a hospital context is limited because mostly of published instruments are related to cancer survivors, ambulatory environment or general context for children with chronic conditions, but none of them adapted property to prolonged hospitalization context. This leaves the rising population of hospitalized chronic children’s caregivers without a proper assessment. The aim of this study was to develop a version of the Revised Impact on Family Scale adapted to primary caregivers of chronic hospitalized children. A cross-sectional study with two main stages was conducted. The first one describes the linguistic and contextual adaptation process of the instrument, and the second refers to the psychometric testing and analysis. Results: Less than 15% of the participants expressed problems with some adapted items in the scale. Eighty-six caregivers were evaluated at Josefina Martinez Hospital, mostly female (34.2 ± 11.6 years old). Majority of participants were graduated from high school, salaried employee and mothers of the chronic child. The scale exhibits a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73), excellent intra-observer reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 0.9), acceptable empirical evaluation of content validity and low and negative construct validity (Pearson’s correlation coefficient − 0.23). Conclusions: This adapted version of the Revised Impact on Family Scale to the hospital context is a reliable, valid, self-administered and simple instrument to implement in order to assess the burden of primary caregivers with chronic hospitalized children. © 2019, The Author(s).
Arterias metatarsianas plantares en el hombre
(Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía, 2001) Gabrielli, C.; Olave, E.; Mandiola, E.; Braga, M. T. T.
El principal elemento arterial del pie es el arco plantar profundo (APP), del cual se originan entre otras, las aa. metatarsianas plantares (AMP), responsables por la irrigación de parte de la región plantar profunda y de los dedos. Con el objetivo de aportar detalles anatómicos y biométricos a la cirugía e imagenología del pie, estudiamos el número de AMP, origen, trayecto y calibre de las mismas. El estudio fue realizado en 50 pies de 25 cadáveres de individuos adultos, brasileños, de ambos sexos. Las arterias fueron inyectadas con látex neoprene (Artifix L14) teñido de rojo, para luego disecar la región plantar por planos. Observamos 3 AMP en 5 casos (10%), de las cuales, 2 no tenían la 2a AMP (4% del total) y 3 la 4a AMP (6%). La presencia de 4 AMP fue encontrada en 43 pies (86%) y sólo en 2 (4%) se encontraron 5 AMP. Las 1a y 2a AMP se originaron del APP o de la arteria dorsal del pie, mientras que las 3a y 4a AMP siempre provinieron del APP. Cuando las arterias fueron otorgadas por el APP, en 6% de los casos las 1a y 2a AMP se originaron de un tronco común, situación que también ocurrió con las 2a y 3a AMP (10%) y con las 3a y 4a AMP (8%). La 1a AMP transcurrió por el primer espacio interóseo en 92% de los casos y las 2a, 3a y 4a AMP lo hicieron por el espacio correspondiente en 100%. El calibre promedio de la 1a AMP fue de 1,73 mm, el de la 2a de 1,43 mm, el de la 3a de 1,54 mm y el de la 4a de 1,52 mm. La 1a AMP fue más calibrosa que la 2a AMP en ambos lados. Estas cuatro arterias alcanzan las comisuras interdigitales y son fundamentales para la irrigación de los dedos del pie.
In vitro biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Alternaria alternata in the presence of growth regulators
(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2001-08) Roco, Angela; Pérez, Luz María
The in vitro biocontrol ability of Trichoderma harzianum on the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata improved in the presence of the growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA3), or indolacetic acid (IAA) or benzylaminopurine (BAP) or foliar nutrient at concentrations similar or higher than those used at the field level. These plant hormones decreased the secretion of endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG) of A. alternata by approximately 20%, did not modify endochitinase (endo-CH) secretion of T. harzianum and did not alter germination of conidia or mycelia growth of any of these fungi. The presence of T. harzianum decreased endo-PGase secretion of A. alternata by about 50%. This inhibitory effect was independent of the presence of growth regulators. The level of secreted endo-PG of T. harzianum was not modified by the presence of A. alternata, but the presence of this phytopathogen in cultures of T. harzianum, increased both the growth of the biocontroller and its secretion of endo-CH.
Relaciones anatómicas entre la arteria cerebelar anterior inferior y el nervio trigémino
(Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía, 2002) Mandiola, E.; Olave, E.; Alarcón, E.
La relación anatómica entre la arteria cerebelar anterior inferior con el nervio trigémino, tiene importancia en algunas enfermedades provocadas por compresión neurovascular, aneurismas y procesos expansivos. Con el propósito de aportar detalles sobre estas relaciones, estudiamos 70 cerebelos obtenidos de cadáveres de ambos sexos, con registros bioantropológicos considerando el lado, sexo e índice cefálico de los individuos. El sistema arterial fue inyectado con látex neopreno, fijados en solución de formalina y disecados, usando microscopio estereoscópico. De acuerdo al índice cefálico, a los individuos los clasificamos en grupos dólico-mesocéfalos y braquicéfalos. En el lado derecho, la arteria cerebelar anterior inferior contactó con el nervio trigémino en el 19% de los casos en el sexo masculino y en el 7 % en el sexo femenino; en el 16% del grupo dólico-mesocéfalo y en el 13% del grupo braquicéfalo. En el lado izquierdo, la arteria cerebelar anterior inferior contactó con el nervio trigémino en el 17% de los casos en el sexo masculino y en el 7 % en el sexo femenino; en el 13% del grupo dólico-mesocéfalo y en el 13% del grupo braquicéfalo. Creemos que la variabilidad observada es importante considerarla durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos, evidenciando la heterogeneidad de nuestras poblaciones indoamericanas.
A putative RNA editing from U to C in a mouse mitochondrial transcript
(Oxford University Press, 2002-05) Villegas, J.; Müller, I.; Arredondo, J.; Pinto, R.; Burzio, L.O.
Recently, we isolated and characterized a new mouse mitochondrial RNA molecule containing the mitochondrial 16S RNA plus 121 nt joined to the 5′ end of the RNA. This fragment arises from the L strand of the same gene and we have named this transcript chimeric RNA. At position 121 of the RNA there is a C, which, according to the sequence of the mitochondrial 16S RNA gene, should be a U. We hypothesized that this RNA is synthesized having a U at position 121, which is later substituted to a C by a putative editing reaction. Based on the presence of sites for the restriction endonucleases RsaI and Fnu4HI around position 121, both forms of the RNA were detected in mouse tissues. To confirm the presence of the non-edited and putative edited RNA, a fragment containing the first 154 nt of the RNA was amplified by RT–PCR and cloned. The substitution of U for C was demonstrated by sequencing these clones. In vitro transcription experiments demonstrated that the substitution of U for C is not due to artifact of amplification or cloning. Moreover, in mitochondria from testis only the non-edited form was found. This, together with other experimental evidence, demonstrated that the base substitution was not due to polymorphism of the mitochondrial 16S RNA gene. This is the first demonstration of a substitution reaction from U to C in a mammalian mitochondrial transcript.
Valor de la biopsia vulvar en el diagnóstico de liquen escleroso en pacientes con alteraciones vulvares crónicas
(Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 2004) Sanhueza R., Pablo; Yaksic B., Nicole; Chahuán I., Karina
Resumen: Se presenta un estudio prospectivo donde se realizó biopsia vulvar a pacientes con síntomas y/o alteraciones vulvares crónicas de más de un año de evolución. Se destaca la importancia de la biopsia vulvar como un procedimiento sencillo, barato y exento de complicaciones, vital en la confirmación diagnóstica de liquen escleroso
Desintrometría ósea en mujeres chilenas normales en edad fértil: correlación con valores referenciales y variables antropométricas
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2004) Lobo S., Gabriel; Ladrón de Guevara H., David; Zerboni A., Alexandra
Background: Bone mineral density results are expressed as the number of standard deviations from reference values in similar populations. However, these reference values have not been obtained locally and there may be discrepancies between Chilean and other Hispanic populations. Aim: To evaluate the results of DEXA in healthy Chilean women and to correlate them with reference values and anthropometric parameters. Material and Method: We studied prospectively 166 normal women aged between 15 and 55 years, using a Hologic QDR 1000 equipment, yielding bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone area (A) in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). These bone densitometric variables were correlated with weight, height and age of women and compared against the reference values of the Hologic equipment. Relation between BMC and A was evaluated using a regression analysis. Results: BMD and BMC were lower to reference values in most age groups, especially for LS. There was a significant correlation of BMD with A in LS (r: 0.278, p <0.001), weight in both LS (r: 0.382, p <0.0001) and FN (r: 0.266, p <0.001), height in LS (r: 0.258, p <0.001) and age in FN (r: -0.231, p <0.01). Only in LS, regression analysis between A and BMC did not show direct proportionality. Conclusions: BMD of healthy Chilean women was lower than the reference values of the Hologic equipment for most age groups. Bone densitometric variables are non uniformly influenced by weight, height and size of bone structures (A) in normal women, especially in LS. Correct interpretation of DEXA requires the validation of reference values and to assess the value of bone area measurements (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 681-90).
Calidad microbiológica de una fórmula enteral lista para usar
(Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, 2004) Kehr S., Juan; Morales V., Blanca; Contreras Sch., Paula; Castillo D., Loriana; Aranda Ch., Waldo
To determinate and compare the microbiological quality of a ready to use enteral formula (EF): liquid ADN™ during different periods of time. Methods: The study was developed in the Hospital formula-preparing room. Twenty liters of EF were delivered in 40 plastic sterile bottles using aseptic technique, and were maintained at room temperature during 24 hours. Feed samples of 50 ml at time 0 and at 24 hours were obtained and frozen at _70º C, until they were investigated (40 feed samples of EF were cultivated at preparation time 0, and 24 hours). Mesophile count (Me), total coliform (TC) and faecal coliform (FC) bacteria were investigated. The feed samples were analized at the Microbiologic Laboratory of CESMEC. The microbial quality standards (MQS) were at time 0: < 10² UFC/ml of (Me), and no (TC) and (FC). At 24 hours: < 10³ UFC/ml of (Me), < 10 UFC/ml of (TC) and no (FC).The statistical data analysis was done using Stata program and Z test was used for proportions. The level of p < 0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The average of fulfilment (MQS) for liquid ADN™ at time 0, and 24 hours was 100% and 95% (p = 0,3) for Me. TC got 100% fulfilment (MQS) at any time. FC were not detected at any time. Conclusions: Liquid ADN™can be hung during 24 hours at room temperature.
Osteoporosis-related life habits and knowledge about osteoporosis among women in El Salvador: A cross-sectional study
(BMC, 2004-08) Hernandez-Rauda, R.; Martinez-Garcia, S.
Background: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder, characterized by reduced bone mass, deterioration of bone structure, increased bone fragility, and increased fracture risk. It is more frequent to find among women than men at a 4:1 ratio. Evidence suggests that to adopt changes on some life habits can prevent or delay development of osteoporosis. Several osteoporosis-risk factors have been confirmed in the US and western Europe, but in El Salvador there are neither reliable epidemiological statistics about this skeletal disorder nor studies addressing osteoporosis-risk factors in women. The aim of this study was to determinate the extent of osteoporosis knowledge, the levels of both daily calcium intake and weight-bearing physical activity, and the influence of several osteoporosis-risk factors on these variables in three age groups of Salvadorean women. Methods: In this exploratory cross-sectional study, an osteoporosis knowledge assessment questionnaire incluiding a food frequency and a physical activity record section were used to collect data and it was delivered through a face-to-face interview. A convenience sample (n = 197) comprised of three groups of women aged 25-35 years, 36-49 years, and over 49 years was taken. Among-group comparisons of means were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. To determinate the overall influence of osteoporosis-risk factors, the multivariate analysis was used. Results: Study results indicated that better educated women had more knowledge about osteoporosis than women with a low education level, regardless of age, even though this knowledge was rather fair. Older women got more weight-bearing physical activity at home and less at place of employment than reported by the younger women; however, neither group performed sufficient high-intensity WBPA to improve bone mass. Regardless of age, the most women consumed 60% or less than the Dietary Reference Intake of calcium and depend on household income, lactose intolerance and coffee rather than milk consumption. Conclusion: In summary, the majority of women in this study have modest knowledge on osteoporosis. The knowledge base is not linked to preventive health habits, including sufficient calcium intake and performance of weight-bearing physical activities. They are thus at increased risk for low bone mass.
Lo último en diagnóstico y tratamiento de la obesidad: ¿Hay lugar aún para la terapia conservadora?
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2005) Cuevas M., Ada; Reyes S., María Soledad
In Chile and other countries the actual prevalence of obesity is reaching 30% in selected populations (low income women). Nowadays bariatric surgery appears to be the treatment of choice. However, it is only indicated in selected patients and is not the first line treatment, since it does not prevent or reduce the appearance of this condition, a crucial challenge in its clinical management. The contemporary medical management of obesity should include changes in lifestyle habits and diet together with a behavioral therapy. However, this optimal management requires a multidisciplinary team. A challenge for contemporary medicine is to design efficient interventional strategies to change lifestyles among the obese. These interventions are the only way to reduce the adverse health consequences of obesity.
Biocontrol of root and crown rot in tomatoes under greenhouse conditions using Trichoderma harzianum and Paenibacillus lentimorbus. Additional effect of solarization
(Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2005) Jaime R. Montealegre, Jaime R.; Herrera, Rodrigo; Velásquez, Juan Carlos; Silva, Polyana; Besoaín, Ximena; Pérez, Luz María
Trichoderma harzianum 650 (Th650) and Paenebacillus lentimorbus 629 (Pl629) selected earlier for their ability to control Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum in vitro, were applied alone or combined with solarization (summer assay) and/or with methyl bromide (MeBr) (summer and winter assays) to a soil with a high inoculum level, for the control of tomato root rot caused by the complex F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici - Pyrenochaeta lycopersici - Rhizoctonia solani. Evaluations were also performed independently for root damage caused by P. lycopersici, and also for R. solani in the summer assay. MeBr decreased tomato root damage caused by the complex from 88.7% to 21.2% and from 78.4% to 35.7% in the summer and in the winter assay, respectively. None of the bio-controllers could replace MeBr in the winter assay, but Th650 and Pl629 reduced root damage caused by this complex in the summer assay. Treatments with bio-controllers were improved by their combination with solarization in this season. Independent evaluations showed that the positive control of Th650 towards R. solani and the lack of effect on P. lycopersici correlates well with the endochitinase pattern expressed by Th650 in response to these phytopathogens. Root damage caused by R. solani can be controlled at a similar level as it does MeBr in summer assays, thus representing an alternative to the use of this chemical fungicide for the control of this phytopathogen.
A functional survey of the enhancer activity of conserved non-coding sequences from vertebrate Iroquois cluster gene deserts
(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2005-08) De La Calle-Mustienes, E.; Feijoo, C.; Manzanares, M.; Tena, J.; Rodriguez-Seguel, E.; Letizia, A.; Allende, M.; Gomez-Skarmeta, J.
Recent studies of the genome architecture of vertebrates have uncovered two unforeseen aspects of its organization. First, large regions of the genome, called gene deserts, are devoid of protein-coding sequences and have no obvious biological role. Second, comparative genomics has highlighted the existence of an array of highly conserved non-coding regions (HCNRs) in all vertebrates. Most surprisingly, these structural features are strongly associated with genes that have essential functions during development. Among these, the vertebrate Iroquois (Irx) genes stand out on both fronts. Mammalian Irx genes are organized in two clusters (IrxA and IrxB) that span >1 Mb each with no other genes interspersed. Additionally, a large number of HCNRs exist within Irx clusters. We have systematically examined the enhancer activity of HCNRs from the IrxB cluster using transgenic Xenopus and zebrafish embryos. Most of these HCNRs are active in subdomains of endogenous Irx expression, and some are candidates to contain shared enhancers of neighboring genes, which could explain the evolutionary conservation of Irx clusters. Furthermore, HCNRs present in tetrapod IrxB but not in fish may be responsible for novel Irx expression domains that appeared after their divergence. Finally, we have performed a more detailed analysis on two IrxB ultraconserved non-coding regions (UCRs) duplicated in IrxA clusters in similar relative positions. These four regions share a core region highly conserved among all of them and drive expression in similar domains. However, inter-species conserved sequences surrounding the core, specific for each of these UCRs, are able to modulate their expression. ©2005 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Caracterización clínica, funcional y hemodinámica de la población con hipertensión pulmonar arterial evaluada en el Instituto Nacional del Tórax
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2006) Zagolin B., Mónica; Wainstein G., Eduardo; Uriarte G. de C., Polentzi; Parra R., Claudio
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is a rare, progressive and devastating disease with severe consequences in quality of life and survival. Aim: A clinical, functional and hemodynamic assessment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and categorization according to severity. Material and methods: Prospective registry of patients with arterial pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamically defined. Clinical evaluation was performed using World Health Organization functional score (I to IV) and Borg dyspnea scale. Six minute walking test, echocardiography and right heart catheterization were used for functional and hemodynamic assessment. Intravenous Adenosine was used to assess vascular reactivity during the hemodynamic evaluation. Results: Twenty nine patients were included (25 women, age range 16-72 years). Pulmonary hypertension was idiopathic in 11, associated to connective tissue disease in seven, associated to congenital heart disease in nine and associated to chronic thromboembolism in two. The mean lapse of symptoms before assessment was 2.9 years and 100% had dyspnea (Borg 5.1). Functional class I, II, III and IV was observed in 0, 5, 21 and 3 patients respectively. Six minutes walking test was 378±113 m. Mean pulmonary pressure was 59.4±12.2 mmHg, cardiac index was 2.57±0.88 and pulmonary vascular resistance index: 1798.4±855 (dyne.sec)/cm5. Nine patients had a mean pulmonary arterial pressure >55 mmHg and a cardiac index <2.1, considered as bad prognosis criteria. Adenosine test was positive in 17%. Conclusions: This group of patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension was mainly conformed by young females, with a moderate to severe disease.
Actualización en el diagnóstico y terapéutica en hipertensión pulmonar arterial
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2006) Zagolin B., Mónica; Wainstein G., Eduardo; Uriarte G., Polentzi
Resumen: Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension includes a heterogeneous group of disorders with a common genetic, pathological and hemodinamyc origin. It is characterized by a high pulmonary artery pressure due to a primary vascular disease, as a consequence of genetic and environmental factors. The common pathway is a vascular imbalance towards vasoconstriction and proliferation inside the small vessels. According to the World Health Organization, 2003, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension is classified as idiopathic, familiar or associated to connective tissue diseases, HIV, drugs, porto-pulmonary hypertension, congenital intracardiac shunts and others. The diagnosis is based in hemodynamics. Echocardiogram is a non invasive and right ventricular catheterization is an invasive diagnostic tool. Follow up is based on a clinical and functional assessment through functional class classification, dyspnea scores and 6-minute walking test. The prognosis is historically devastating but new therapies are changing the natural history of the disease. New treatments have demonstrated improvement in symptoms, hemodynamic profiles and survival. Intravenous, subcutaneous or inhaled prostanoids such as Epoprostenol, Treprostinil or Iloprost respectively have been approved for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension treatment as well as oral endothelial receptor blockers. They are all considered first line treatments for arterial pulmonary hypertensive patients with even better benefits than lung transplantation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (Sildenafil), have been recently approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Jugo de pomelo y drogas
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2006) Lama T., Alexis
Carta al Editor: "En octubre del año 2004, la revista Medical Letter advirtió sobre la interacción del jugo de pomelo con varias drogas usadas frecuentemente. Este artículo fue seleccionado para los médicos obstetras. Otras publicaciones recientes han puesto el tema en la actualidad. Considerando que el jugo de pomelo se está consumiendo bastante en nuestra población y que las interacciones descritas con las drogas pueden ser peligrosas, parece interesante difundir el tema"
Eutanasia y derecho a morir
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2006) Lama T, Alexis
Carta al editor de Alexis Lama: "Recientemente han aparecido algunos artículos en la Revista Médica de Chile, que colocan en la actualidad un tema tan importante como lo es la eutanasia. Me he permitido realizar algunos breves comentarios, a fin de aportar mas elementos a la reflexión acerca del mismo. En primer lugar, me referiré al concepto de eutanasia... Mi segundo comentario y que me parece más importante, se refiere al derecho a morir"
Conflictos de intereses: Una propuesta académica
(Sociedad Médica de Santiago, 2006) Lama T, Alexis
Carta al editor: "Sr. Editor: El tema de los conflictos de intereses en la práctica médica, recibe cada vez más la atención de instituciones médicas y los médicos. El Colegio Médico de Chile (AG) ha incorporado en la nueva versión de su Código de Etica un capítulo específico sobre el tema. La Asociación de Sociedades Científicas-Médicas de Chile ha difundido recomendaciones para el control de estos conflictos y diversos médicos se han pronunciado sobre los mismos. Sin embargo, los conflictos de intereses siguen presentes y los que guardan relación con la industria farmacéutica han alcanzado notoriedad pública"
Expression of the ubiE gene of Geobacillus stearothermophilus V in Escherichia coli K-12 mediates the evolution of selenium compounds into the headspace of selenite- and selenate-amended cultures
(Elsevier [Former Publisher] Federation of European Biochemical Societies [Associate Organisation] Wiley [Commercial Publisher], 2006-01) Swearingen Jr., J.; Fuentes, D.; Araya, M.; Plishker, M.; Saavedra, C.; Chasteen, T.; Vasquez, C.
The ubiE gene of Geobacillus stearothermophilus V, with its own promoter, was cloned and introduced into Escherichia coli. The cloned gene complemented the ubiE gene deficiency of E. coli AN70. In addition, the expression of this gene in E. coli JM109 resulted in the evolution of volatile selenium compounds when these cells were grown in selenite- or selenate-amended media. These compounds were dimethyl selenide and dimethyl diselenide
Basal lamina disorganisation of the acini and ducts of labial salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome:: association with mononuclear cell infiltration
(BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, 2006-02-01) Molina, C; Alliende, C; Aguilera, S; Kwon, YJ; Leyton, L; Martínez, B; Leyton, C; Pérez, P; González, MJ
Objective: To study the expression of laminin and type IV collagen as biomarkers of the organisation of the basal lamina of acini and ducts in labial salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome, and to relate this organisation to inflammatory cell invasion of acini and ducts. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for laminin and type IV collagen was undertaken on sections of labial salivary glands from 30 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, 10 control subjects, and 24 controls with chronic sialoadenitis. Immunohistochemistry reaction, alterations to cell morphology, and the presence of inflammatory cells in acini and ducts were evaluated and scored using a semiquantitative method. Results: Changes in the expression of laminin and type IV collagen in the basal lamina of acini and ducts of labial salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome were more pronounced than in labial salivary glands from control groups. A remarkable characteristic was the disorganisation of the basal lamina in the labial salivary glands in Sjogren's syndrome. The pattern of immunoreactivity of the basal lamina of other structures (for example, blood vessels) did not change. In Sjogren's syndrome, invasion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was only observed in acini and ducts which had a disorganised basal lamina. Conclusions: The high state of disorganisation of the basal lamina of acini and ducts could allow invasion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in Sjogren's syndrome, contributing to cell death and ductal hyperplasia.
Aplicación de un sistema de análisis de peligros y control de puntos críticos en la nutrición enteral administrada en la unidad de cuidados intensivos
(Sociedad Chilena de Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, 2007) Ruiz A., Makarena; Kehr S., Juan; Morales, Blanca; Aranda, Waldo
Se aplicó un sistema de Análisis de Peligros y Control de Puntos Críticos (HACCP) en la administración de la nutrición enteral (NE) en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de un Hospital de alta complejidad, con la colaboración del personal que trabaja en la UCI, para garantizar la seguridad de la calidad en la preparación, almacenamiento y entrega de la nutrición enteral a pacientes hospitalizados. Se estudiaron los métodos de rutina de preparación de la nutrición enteral, su almacenamiento y entrega a pacientes y se realizó un diagrama de flujo del proceso de administración de la fórmula de NE, luego, se identificaron los peligros y se evaluó su gravedad. Se determinaron los Puntos Críticos de Control (PCC) y se establecieron los criterios de control. La abertura del envase de la Fórmula Enteral (FE) y la introducción del equipo de infusión a la FE constituyen los únicos PCC cuando se manipula una FE lista para colgar. Se monitorearon y se aplicaron límites críticos y medidas correctivas para cada uno de los PCC del proceso. Además, se tomaron muestras para realizar un análisis para medir la calidad microbiológica del producto en cada PCC del proceso y se controló su temperatura ambiental. El análisis estadístico del recuento bacteriano de Aerobios Mesófilos (RAM) y Coliformes totales (CT) al tiempo 0 y 48 horas señala que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el nivel RAM y CT (p<0,05) en esos tiempos de estudio. La aplicación del sistema HACCP en la manipulación de la FE listas para usar en pacientes hospitalizados en la UCI, demuestra que es un sistema eficaz que permite garantizar en forma efectiva y segura el empleo de NE en pacientes hospitalizados

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