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Maximal strength, sprint and jump performance in elite kumite karatekas
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0025-12) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Aydogdu, Onur; Aydin, Yalcin; Tokgöz, Gürkan; Kahraman, Abdulselam; Beykumül, Ayşegül; Aygoren, Caner; Yılmaz, Nurkan; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo i
Background: Both maximal muscle strength and muscle power are independently important for karatekas. However, the relationship between strength and power in elite male kumite karatekas is under researched. This study aimed to determine the relationship between back-leg-chest (BLC) isometric muscle strength with sprint and jump variables in elite male karatekas. Methods: Male elite/international level (tier 4) kumite karatekas (n = 14; age, 20.79 ± 1.67 year; height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight, 72.21 ± 5.20 kg) were recruited. BLC strength, sprint and jump values were measured with a dynamometer, a photocell, and an application, respectively. Pearson correlation (trivial r < 0.1; small r < 0.3; moderate r < 0.5; large r < 0.7; very large r < 0.9; nearly perfect/perfect r ≥ 0.9) and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship and shared variance between BLC strength, sprint, and jump performance. Results: There were large to very large correlations between BLC strength and sprint time (r = − 0.930, p < 0.01), velocity (r = 0.918; p < 0.01), acceleration (r = 0.913; p < 0.01) and running momentum (r = 0.721; p < 0.01). Additionally, BLC strength correlated with jump height (moderate, r = 0.550, p < 0.05), peak anaerobic power (moderate, r = 0.672, p < 0.01) and power to body mass ratio (moderate, r = 0.545, p < 0.05). BLC strength and sprint variables showed an r2 = 0.52–0.86 (p < 0.01), while BLC strength and jump variables showed an r2 = 0.29–0.45 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BLC strength is related to jump and sprint performance in male elite karate athletes. This relationship underscores the importance of including strength training that targets BLC muscle strength in training programs for coaches and athletes.
Impact of Lower-Volume Training on Physical Fitness Adaptations in Team Sports Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 0025-12) Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Moran, Jason; Zmijewski, Piotr; Silva, Rui Miguel; Randers, Morten Bredsgaard
A small number of reviews have explored lower- versus higher-volume training in non-athletes, but the growing challenge of congested schedules in team sports highlights the need to synthesize evidence specific to team sport athletes. Thus, the objectives of this systematic review with meta-analysis are twofold: (i) to summarize the primary physiological and physical fitness outcomes of lower-volume versus higher-volume training interventions in team sports players; and (ii) to compare the effects of lower-volume training with higher, considering the training modalities used. Methods: We conducted searches across key databases, including PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. We included team sports players with at least a trained or developmental level, focusing on studies comparing different training volumes (lower vs higher) within the same research. Lower volume training was defined in comparison to another load, emphasizing smaller training volume in terms of repetitions, duration, or frequency. The studies had to examine key physical performance adaptations and use two-arm or multi-arm designs. Methodological assessments of the included studies were performed using the Rob2 and ROBINS-I instruments, with evidence certainty evaluated through GRADE. Results: The initial search yielded 5,188 records, with 17 articles deemed eligible for the review. There was a non-significant trend favoring the higher-volume training group over the lower-volume group in resistance-based training when considering all pooled physical fitness outcomes (effect size − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.19 to 0.09, p = 0.506, I2 = 0.0%). A meta-analysis was not conducted for aerobic-based training due to only two studies being available, with one showing that lower volume training improved maximal oxygen uptake by 3.8% compared to 1.3% for higher volume, while the other indicated that lower training volumes enhanced performance by 1.6% versus 0.8%. The evidence certainty for physical performance outcomes was very low. Conclusions: In newly introduced resistance training, lower volumes—regardless of repetitions or frequency—can achieve similar fitness gains to higher volumes. More pronounced tapering also appears more effective for supercompensation. However, the variability in study designs and training methods makes it difficult to establish a clear minimal dose. The main contribution of this review is mapping current research, providing a foundation for future studies and training optimization.
Maximal strength, sprint and jump performance in elite kumite karatekas
(BioMed Central Ltda, 0025-12) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Aydogdu, Onur; Aydin, Yalcin; Tokgöz, Gürkan; Kahraman, Abdulselam; Beykumül, Ayşegül; Aygoren, Caner; Yılmaz, Nurkan; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
Background: Both maximal muscle strength and muscle power are independently important for karatekas. However, the relationship between strength and power in elite male kumite karatekas is under researched. This study aimed to determine the relationship between back-leg-chest (BLC) isometric muscle strength with sprint and jump variables in elite male karatekas. Methods: Male elite/international level (tier 4) kumite karatekas (n = 14; age, 20.79 ± 1.67 year; height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight, 72.21 ± 5.20 kg) were recruited. BLC strength, sprint and jump values were measured with a dynamometer, a photocell, and an application, respectively. Pearson correlation (trivial r < 0.1; small r < 0.3; moderate r < 0.5; large r < 0.7; very large r < 0.9; nearly perfect/perfect r ≥ 0.9) and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship and shared variance between BLC strength, sprint, and jump performance. Results: There were large to very large correlations between BLC strength and sprint time (r = − 0.930, p < 0.01), velocity (r = 0.918; p < 0.01), acceleration (r = 0.913; p < 0.01) and running momentum (r = 0.721; p < 0.01). Additionally, BLC strength correlated with jump height (moderate, r = 0.550, p < 0.05), peak anaerobic power (moderate, r = 0.672, p < 0.01) and power to body mass ratio (moderate, r = 0.545, p < 0.05). BLC strength and sprint variables showed an r2 = 0.52–0.86 (p < 0.01), while BLC strength and jump variables showed an r2 = 0.29–0.45 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BLC strength is related to jump and sprint performance in male elite karate athletes. This relationship underscores the importance of including strength training that targets BLC muscle strength in training programs for coaches and athletes. © The Author(s) 2025.
Positive Effects of Plyometric vs. Eccentric-Overload Training on Performance in Young Male Handball Players
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-09) Saez de Villareal, Eduardo; Calleja-González, Julio; Alcaraz, Pedro E.; Feito-Blanco, Javier; Ramírez-Campillo, Rodrígo
This study aimed to compare the effects of two 8-week in-season strength-training programs on handball players’ physical and technical parameters. Thirty-six male athletes were randomly separated into three groups: a control group (n = 12), a plyometric training group (PG, n = 12), and an eccentric-overload training group (EG, n = 12). The PG and EG performed upper- and lower-limb plyometric or eccentric-overload exercises, respectively, three times per week. Control groups performed regular handball training. The athletes were assessed for counter movement jump (CMJ) and Abalakov vertical jump (ABK) height, 15 m linear sprint time, handball-throwing speed (i.e., penalty throw; 3-step running throw; jump throw), and cardiorespiratory endurance through the 20 m shuttle-run test. Heart rate and blood lactate were measured at the end of the endurance test. No baseline differences were noted for dependent variables between groups. The session rating of perceived exertion was similar between the intervention groups (PG = 361 ± 12.2 AU; EG = 370 ± 13.3 AU). The ANOVA revealed significant (p < 0.05; Δ = 5–9%; effect size (ES) = 0.45–1.96). Similar improvements for experimental groups compared to the control group for CMJ, ABK jump, penalty throw, 3-step running throw, and jump throw. However, interventions did not affect 15 m, cardiorespiratory endurance, nor heart rate or blood lactate after the endurance test. In conclusion, an 8-week handball intervention by performing plyometric or eccentric-overload training in-season improves the physical and technical parameters of male players when compared to regular handball practice. © 2023 by the authors.
Effects of Six-Week Pre-Season Complex Contrast Training Intervention on Male Soccer Players' Athletic Performance
(Sciendo, 2023-09) Kumar, Gopal; Pandey, Vivek; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Thapa, Rohit K.
Introduction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week complex contrast training (CCT) intervention on the athletic performance of highly-trained amateur male soccer players during the pre-season period. Material and Methods. Participants aged 21.3 were randomized to CCT (n = 7) or active (i.e. standard soccer training) control (CG; n = 9) groups. Athletic performance was assessed using the 30 m linear sprint test time, standing long jump distance (SLJ), countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and unilateral right-left knee flexion and extension isokinetic maximal strength tests. The experimental group replaced part of the standard soccer training schedule with three CCT sessions per week for six weeks. A two (pre-post intervention) by two (CCT, CG) mixed ANOVA was used to analyze the exercise-specific effects. In addition, between-group comparisons at post-test were conducted with baseline scores as covariate. Within group changes were analyzed using paired t-test. Results. Significant group-by-time interaction effects were found for all dependent variables (p < 0.001 - 0.004). Post-hoc tests using paired t-test revealed significant improvements in all dependent variables in CCT (all p ≤ 0.001; effect size (g) = 0.29 - 0.96; %Δ= 4.5 - 14.7), but not in CG (p = 0.174 - 0.633; g = 0.03 - 0.20; %Δ= 0.4 - 2.6). Further, Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc analysis using baseline scores as a covariate showed post-test differences in favor of CCT compared to CG for all variables. Conclusions. CCT is recommended as an effective training strategy during the pre-season to improve athletic performance among highly-trained amateur male soccer players. © 2023 Gopal Kumar et al., published by Sciendo.
Características de Composición Corporal, Ángulo de Fase y Agua Corporal en Paracaidistas Chilenos de Elite
(Universidad de la Frontera, 2021-12) Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Alvear-Ordenes, Ildefonso; Vargas-Silva, Juan; Hernández-Jaña, Sam; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Tuesta, Marcelo
Durante la práctica del paracaidismo, una deficiente composición corporal no sólo puede afectar el rendimiento deportivo, sino que, además, incrementa la probabilidad de sufrir una lesión o accidente grave. Conocer las características de sus componentes, podría ayudar a prevenirlas. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la composición corporal, ángulos de fase y agua corporal total en paracaidistas chilenos de alta competencia. Participaron del estudio 8 paracaidistas profesionales del Team Chile® (33,4 ± 4,9 años) con más de seis años de experiencia. La evaluación de las masas grasa, muscular, libre de grasa, magra y visceral, así como el ángulo de fase y el agua corporal total obtenida a través de impedancia bioeléctrica. Los deportistas presentaron un peso corporal de 76,7 ± 5,7 kg, estatura 1,72 ± 0,1 m e IMC 26,0 ± 1,9 kg/m2. La composición corporal promedio mostró un 20,6 ± 3,0 % de masa grasa, 44,9 ± 2,0 % de masa muscular y 79,4 ± 3,0 % de masa libre de grasa. El ángulo de fase promedio fue de 7,25 ± 0,33°. El agua corporal total de los participantes fue de 44,6 ± 3,2 1. Se concluye que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por los profesionales de las ciencias del deporte como valores de referencia para el control de la composición corporal, fase angular y agua corporal en paracaidistas para optimizar el rendimiento deportivo y evitar lesiones.
Asociación entre cáncer y fitness cardiorrespiratorio en población chilena: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
(Sociedad Medica de Santiago, 2023-09) Parra-Soto, Solange; Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe; Garrido, Alex; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny; Álvarez, Cristian; Cigarroa, Igor; Díaz-Martínez, Ximena; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny; Celis-Morales, Carlos; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime
Introducción: La actividad física y el fitness cardiorrespiratorio (FCR) son factores protectores en el desarrollo del cáncer. Sin embargo, se desconoce el FCR en población chilena diagnosticada con cáncer. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación que tuvo el FCR entre las personas con y sin diagnóstico de cáncer, y secundariamente comparar la tendencia del FCR según años de diagnóstico de cáncer en la población chilena. Método: Se analizaron datos de 5.483 personas de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017 entre 15 y 98 años. El diagnóstico de cáncer (todos los disponibles) se calcula con preguntas estandarizadas, y el FCR se calcula con método abreviado (demografía, antropometría, estilos de vida). Se realizó análisis de regresión lineal ajustado por variables de confusión con el módulo de análisis de muestras complejas del programa STATA v.16 (95% IC, p < 0,05). Resultados: Las personas con algún tipo de diagnóstico de cáncer, versus aquellas sin cáncer, presentaron un menor nivel de FCR (fi: -1,23 [95% IC: -1,52; -0,94]). Al comparar los niveles de FCR según tipo de cáncer, se observaron resultados similares para cáncer colorrectal, de mama y útero (p < 0,001), pero no para cáncer de tiroides (p = 0,253). Hubo menor FCR desde el primer año de diagnóstico de todo tipo de cáncer hasta sobre diez años, aunque no significativo (p = 0,109). Conclusión: Los diagnosticados con cáncer presentaron menor FCR en comparación con los no diagnosticados. Además, en las personas con cáncer el FCR disminuye al aumentar los años desde el primer diagnóstico. Sería importante evaluar e incrementar el FCR en pacientes oncológicos.
assessment of activities and participation of people by rehabilitation-focused clinical registries: a systematic scoping review
(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2023-10) Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay; Neculhueque-Zapata, Ximena; Valenzuela-Suazo, Raúl; Oliveros, Maria-Jose; Morales, Camilo; Vásquez, Luis; Jalil, Yorschua; Marzuca-Nassr, Gabriel N.; Inostroza Quiroz, Jacqueline L.; Fuentes-Aspe, Rocío; Solano, Ricardo; SalGado-Maldonado, Gabriel; Aguilera-Eguía, Raúl; Águila-Villanueva, Camilo; Garcés-Burgos, Carolina; Seron, Pamela
INTRODUCTION: Rehabilitation is considered a key intervention in health care. Clinical registries, defined as an organized system that uses observational methods to collect information to assess specific outcomes in a defined population, can contribute to assessing the impact of the rehabilitation intervention. This review aims to identify and describe rehabilitation-specific registry systems with an emphasis on identifying outcomes that enable the assessment of vital areas and activities of daily living. EVidEncE acQuisition: a systematic scoping review was conducted. a systematic search was conducted up to august 2022 in MEdlinE/ pubMed, Embase, cochrane library, Epistemonikos, and other search resources. studies related to rehabilitation registries presented data on people with health problems that could limit their functioning were selected. the inclusion of studies/clinical registries was not limited by methodological design, year of publication, country, or language. the unit of analysis was rehabilitation registries. the measurement instruments used to assess the outcomes were explored to estimate the domain assessed from the vital areas related to functioning and disability as described by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The vital areas were classified according to activities of daily living (adls). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Seventy-one registries in rehabilitation were identified. The registries included a median of 3 (IQR 2-5) assessment instruments designed to assess the impact of different rehabilitation programs. in total, 137 different assessment scales or instruments were identified. Each rehabilitation registry assessed 6 (IQR 2-8) domains of the ICF, and 15.4% of registries assessed all domains. The most assessed domain was “Mobility” (89.7%), and the least assessed was “General Tasks and Demands” (25.6%). In addition, 92.3% of rehabilitation registries assessed basic ADLs, 76.9% advanced ADLs, and 71.8% instrumental ADLs. conclusions: although clinical registries do not claim to directly assess the impact of rehabilitation programs on people’s functioning according to the ICF framework, it was identified that a low percentage of them assessed the nine vital areas through different outcome assessment instruments. However, most rehabilitation registries directly or indirectly assess some basic, instrumental, and advanced ADLs. The findings of this review highlight the need to improve the design of clinical registries focused on assessing the impact of rehabilitation programs to assess people in all areas of their lives. © 2023 Edizioni Minerva Medica. All rights reserved.
Next steps to advance general physical activity recommendations towards physical exercise prescription: a narrative review
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2023-10) Festa, Raúl Ricardo; Jofré-Saldía, Emilio; Candia, Alejandro A; Monsalves-Álvarez, Matías; Flores-Opazo, Marcelo; Peñailillo, Luis; Marzuca-Nassr, Gabriel Nasri; Aguilar-Farias, Nicolas; Fritz-Silva, Nicole; Cancino-Lopez, Jorge; Soto-Sánchez, Johana; Sepulveda, Carlos; Huerta Ojeda, Álvaro; Núñez-Espinosa, Cristian; Valladares-Ide, Denisse; Jannas-Vela, Sebastian
Physical inactivity is a major health concern, associated with the development of several non-communicable diseases and with an increased mortality rate. Therefore, promoting active lifestyles has become a crucial public health necessity for enhancing overall health and quality of life. The WHO guidelines for physical activity (PA) present valuable contributions in this respect; however, we believe that greater specificity should be added or complemented towards physical exercise (PE) testing, prescription and programming in future recommendations. In this review article, we suggest simple and practical tools accessible to the entire population to improve the specificity of this approach, highlighting aspects of PE programming used by trained subjects. By adopting these suggestions, exercise professionals, clinicians and physical trainers can optimise the current general PA recommendations towards PE prescription to improve fitness status and encourage PE adherence in the general population. © 2023 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
Exertional Desaturation and Ambulatory Oxygen Therapy Requirements in People with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. A Retrospective Study
(Fundacion Universitaria Maria Cano, 0025) Soler, Tamara; Cabrera, Osvaldo; Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay; Lara, Francisca; Benavides, María Guacolda
Introduction. Exertional desaturation (ED) is common in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) stages. Ambulatory O2 therapy could increase physical activity by preventing ED in people with IPF. Objective. This study aimed to assess ED and ambulatory O2 requirements in people with IPF using a protocol that involved up to four 6-minute walking tests (6MWT). Method. An observational study of a dynamic retrospective cohort from a high-complexity hospital was conducted. The ambulatory O2 requirement assessment protocol involves performing up to four 6MWT depending on ED. All participants performed the baseline test (no additional O2). If ED (SpO2 < 90%) was observed, up to three additional 6MWTs were performed with two, four, and six O2 liters/minute until ED was avoided. Results. Twenty-eight patients (16 female; mean age 73 years) were referred for assessment of ambulatory O2 requirements. Twenty-three (82%) had ED during baseline 6MWT. Twenty-two patients performed the 6MWT with two liters/minute of O2, ten performed a third 6MWT with four liters/minute of O2, and seven with six liters/minute of O2. The six participants who performed all four 6MWTs significantly increased their walking distance by 56.33 meters (SD 36.45) compared to the baseline (p = 0.001). Four of the seven patients (57.14%) who performed the last 6MWT had ED despite O2 supplementation. Conclusion. The prevalence of ED during baseline 6MWT was high. Some participants even experienced ED with six liters/minute of supplemental O2. Despite this, walking distance increased more than the learning effect. © 2025. María Cano University Foundation.
The Online Assessment Tools of the MenPas 1.0 Platform, a Reliable and Sustainable Alternative for Psychosocial Research: A Literature Review
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023-11) Pérez-Romero, Nuria; Morales-Sánchez, Verónica; Pastrana-Brincones, José L.; Sánchez-García, Carolina; Hernández-Mendo, Antonio; Falcó, Coral; Reigal, Rafael Enrique
New technologies have improved the efficiency and sustainability of psychosocial research. However, online assessment tools may differ from traditional paper-based ones in different domains. This study aims to provide an updated perspective of the online assessment advantages of a psychosocial platform called MenPas 1.0. A literature review was conducted, choosing validated questionnaire studies located in the MenPas 1.0 platform, specifically, motivation and hypnosis questionnaires. A total of five studies showing the psychometric properties of psychosocial evaluation tools were analysed and compared with their previous paper-based studies. In addition, internet impact over the last 20 years was analysed according to gender, age, nationality, and employment status. Finally, a conclusion was drawn on the impact of these tools on sustainability. The results showed that online studies have a higher number of participants (5866 users in 5 studies versus 5623 participants in 11 studies) and higher reliability rates than those of previous paper-based ones. A decrease in the social gap over the years was also found and the contribution of online tools to sustainability was discussed. This study could show the importance of the analysis of psychometric properties in online tools, the need for further research, and encourage their use in psychosocial assessment. © 2023 by the authors.
Aortic pulse wave analysis and functional capacity of heart transplantation candidates: a pilot study
(Nature Research, 0024-12) Alcici-Moreira, Adriana Marques; Vitarelli, Marcela Oliveira; Velloso, Tiago Abreu; Carvalho-Ribeiro, Igor Antônio; Dario, Daniella Moura; Polese, Janaine Cunha; Guimarães, Hélio Penna; Pena, José Luiz Barros; Tuesta, Marcelo; Rodrigues-Machado, Maria da Glória
We compared cardiovascular parameters obtained with the Mobil-O-Graph and functional capacity assessed by the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) before and after Heart Transplantation (HT) and also compared the cardiovascular parameters and the functional capacity of candidates for HT with a control group. Peripheral and central vascular pressures increased after surgery. Similar results were observed in cardiac output and pulse wave velocity. The significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) postoperatively was not followed by an increase in the functional capacity. 24 candidates for HT and 24 controls were also compared. Functional capacity was significantly lower in the HT candidates compared to controls. Stroke volume, systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure measured peripherally and centrally were lower in the HT candidates when compared to controls. Despite the significant increase in peripheral and central blood pressures after surgery, the patients were normotensive. The 143.85% increase in LVEF in the postoperative period was not able to positively affect functional capacity. Furthermore, the lower values of LVEF, systolic volume, central and peripheral arterial pressures in the candidates for HT are consistent with the characteristics signs of advanced heart failure, negatively impacting functional capacity, as observed by the lower DASI score. © The Author(s) 2024.
The Acute Effect of Different Cluster Set Intra-Set Rest Interval Configurations on Mechanical Power Measures During a Flywheel Resistance Training Session
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0024-12) Ryan, Shane; Browne, Declan; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Moody, Jeremy; Byrne, Paul J.
The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of three cluster set (CS) intra-set rest intervals (15 s, 30 s, and 45 s) on mechanical performance measures during a flywheel resistance training session. Twelve amateur male field sport athletes attended three training measurement sessions (separated by 14 days of wash-out), consisting of four sets of nine repetitions (as cluster-blocks: 3 + 3 + 3), using a 0.050 kg·m−2 inertial load. The flywheel quarter-squat (QS) and the flywheel Romanian deadlift (RDL) were selected as resistance training exercises. Participants were randomly allocated different CS intra-set rest durations: 15 s, 30 s, or 45 s. The mean power (MP), peak concentric power (PPcon), peak eccentric power (PPecc), and eccentric overload (EO) were measured. A two-way (within–within) repeated-measures ANOVA reported that MP, PPcon, PPecc, and EO achieved similar values during the QS and RDL sessions involving 30 s and 45 s CS intra-set rest durations. It was noted that the first set did not always result in the greatest performance output for the 30 s and 45 s intervals. Compared to 15 s, the 30 s and 45 s CS intra-set rest durations showed greater MP, PPcon, and PPecc during set 2 (all p ≤ 0.05), set 3 (all p < 0.001), and set 4 (all p < 0.001) for both QS and RDL, and greater EO in the QS exercise (the four sets combined). Compared to shorter (15 s) cluster set intra-set rest intervals, longer (30–45 s) configurations allow greater physical performance outcome measures during flywheel QS and RDL resistance training sessions. The implications for longer-term interventions merit further research. © 2024 by the authors
Parental obesity, health determinants, and cardiometabolic risk according to sleep duration in schoolchildren: analysis through structural equations
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0024-12) Brand, Caroline; Batista Lemes, Vanilson; Paula Sehn, Ana; Agostinis-Sobrinho, Cesar; Henriquez-Maquehue, Fernanda; Jofré-Saldía, Emilio; Ibacache-Saavedra, Paulina; Farias-Valenzuela, Claudio; Villa-González, Emilio; Priscila Reuter, Cézane
Background: the independent association between parental obesity, sleep and lifestyle habits with cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents has been widely explored in the literature. Our study represents a novel approach to comprehensively investigate a complex model encompassing various aspects associated with cardiometabolic risk in youth. Thus, the aim of the present study was to verify the relationship between parental obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, considering the mediator role of health indicators according to sleep time. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3,973 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years attending public and private schools in a city located in Southern Brazil. Sleep duration, lifestyle, physical activity, natural food consumption, and parental obesity were evaluated through self-reported questionnaires. Physical fitness was evaluated according to the protocols of Projeto Esporte Brasil. The body fat percentage was evaluated through the measures of tricipital and subscapular folds, and the body mass index was calculated. The clustered metabolic risk score (cMetS) considered the summing z-scores of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and fasting glucose, divided by five. A structural equation model was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The relationship between parental obesity and cardiometabolic risk was observed in children and adolescents with adequate sleep, being significant (p < 0.05) mediated by physical activity, natural food, physical fitness, and lifestyle. This was also observed when parental education was included in the inadequate sleep cluster model. Conclusion: Present findings underscore the importance of sufficient sleep duration as a critical factor in understanding the complex interplay between parental obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. © The Author(s) 2024.
Effects of Physical Exercise on Emotional Intelligence from Birth to Adolescence: A Systematic Review Protocol
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0024-12) Contreras-Osorio, Falonn; Cerda-Vega, Enrique; Campos-Jara, Christian; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Pérez-Romero, Nuria
Background: Emotional intelligence (EI) can be understood as a set of traits or abilities that may have an impact on academic, professional, or mental health. The aim of this protocol was to establish methodological guidelines for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of acute and chronic physical exercise on EI from birth to 21 years (late adolescence). Methods: This protocol followed PRISMA-P guidelines and will be modified in PROSPERO after peer review. The review will include experimental randomized and non-randomized control studies involving physical exercise interventions. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO will be utilized for study selection following the publication of the protocol. The risk of bias will be assessed using the ROBINS-I tool, ROB-2, and the GRADE approach will evaluate the certainty of evidence. Random effect meta-analyses will analyse the effect of physical exercise compared with control groups, using effect sizes measures (Hedges’ g), with a 95% confidence interval and prediction interval, for each EI outcome (perception, facilitation, understanding, regulation, and management of emotions). Potential moderators, such as exercise intensity, duration, and sociocultural factors, will be analysed. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 statistic, and sensitivity analyses will be performed to ensure result robustness. Subgroup analyses may be conducted based on age groups and specific EI dimensions. Conclusions: Publication bias will be assessed using Egger’s test and the trim-and-fill method. The future results aim to provide a foundation for analysing the impact of physical exercise on EI development, potentially guiding future interventions in health, educational, and related fields. © 2024 by the authors.
High-intensity interval training programs and their impact on endurance performance in handball players: A systematic review
(Sciendo, 2024-01) Henrique, José Rocha; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; González Fernandez, Francisco Tomás; Castillo, Daniel; Raya-González, Javier; Zmijewski, Piotr; Silva, Rui Miguel; Clemente, Filipe Manuel
Study aim: This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze the available evidence about the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions on endurance performance in handball players. Material and methods: The search for relevant literature was conducted across prominent databases, including PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science Core Collection. The eligibility criteria focused on healthy handball players, without restrictions on age, sex, or competitive level, who were exposed to HIIT interventions, either alone or in combination with other training methods. The methodological assessment employed the RoB2 and ROBINS scales. A screening process was executed, evaluating 434 titles, leading to the inclusion of 17 eligible studies in this systematic review, comprising a total of 369 participants. Results: Most studies on HIIT in handball involved tier-two athletes (trained/developmental) and mostly men. The training frequency typically implemented was twice per week, with a duration between 4 and 12 weeks, with different types of HIIT. There was considerable variation in outcomes across the included studies, with most of them demonstrating a significant positive impact of HIIT on improving endurance performance when compared to controls. Conclusion: In conclusion, the predominant focus of the overall analyzed studies was on the effects of different HIIT interventions in obtaining positive performance adaptations assessed by field-based tests in handball players. © University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
Effectiveness of Träbert current in a physiotherapy program for the management of musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 2024) Ortiz, Hernán Andrés de la Barra; Lagos, Esteban Arancibia; Muñoz, Sebastián Carvajal; Guajardo, Katalina Donoso; Villa, Valentina Jiménez
Introduction. Träbert current (TC) is a physical therapy resource described for the management of musculoskeletal pain (MSP). It combines the effects of galvanism and sensory stimulation, offering various analgesic applications, although it seems that the studies that support its effectiveness are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TC in a physical therapy plan for the management of MSP. Methods. Electronic databases reviewed included Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct, and PEDro (last updated January 12, 2024). Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing TC with other physical therapy interventions were included. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed qualitatively, while five contributed to the meta-analysis. The clinical conditions treated included knee osteoarthritis, low back pain (LBP), and epicondylalgia. The risk of bias and internal validity was evaluated using the Rob2 tool (Cochrane) and the PEDro scale. Results. RCTs were rated as having favourable internal validity (PEDro), despite a lack of concealed allocation and blinding, resulting in an unclear risk of bias on D2 and D5 (Rob2). The studies reported a decrease in pain and disability for the experimental groups (p < 0.05), although the meta-analysis revealed a non-significant pooled effect for the standardised mean difference (SMD = 0.2–0.5, p > 0.05) in favour of the controls and with heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 50–75%). Conclusions. TC seems to be effective for the management of MSP, although it is necessary to improve the quality of the clinical trials to conduct a conclusive quantitative analysis. © Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences.
What do we Know about Complex-Contrast Training? A Systematic Scoping Review
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 0024-12) Thapa, Rohit K.; Weldon, Anthony; Freitas, Tomás T.; Boullosa, Daniel; Afonso, José; Granacher, Urs; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
ckground: The complex-contrast training (CCT) method utilizes two exercises with different loads and movement velocities in a set-by-set fashion to induce multiple neuromuscular adaptations. The speculated primary mechanism involves the post-activation potentiation or post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of the muscles used during the heavy load (low velocity) exercise, thereby improving the performance of lower load (high velocity) exercise. However, no previous study has attempted to systematically synthesize the available evidence on CCT (e.g., if post-activation potentiation or PAPE was measured during the training sessions during the intervention period). This study aimed to synthesize the available evidence on CCT using a systematic scoping review approach. More specifically, we identified gaps in the literature using an evidence gap map (EGM), and provided future directions for research. Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched up to 20th February 2024. Data were extracted under a PICO framework: (a) Participants-related data (e.g., age, sex, type of sport); (b) Intervention-related data (e.g., duration of training); (c) Comparators (when available); and (d) Outcomes (e.g., measures of physical fitness). Interactive EGMs were created using the EPPI mapper software. Results: From the 5,695 records screened, 68 studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 1,821 participants (only 145 females from 5 studies). All CCT interventions lasted ≤ 16 weeks. More than half of the studies assessed countermovement jump, sprint, and maximal strength performances. No studies were identified which examined upper-body CCT exercises alone, and no study assessed PAPE during the CCT sessions. Overall, the available evidence was rated with a low level of confidence. Conclusions: In conclusion, whether CCT produces a PAPE that translates into longitudinal performance gains remains unclear. Moreover, the available evidence on the effects of CCT on various outcomes provides low confidence regarding the most effective way to implement this training method, particularly among females, and beyond long-term interventions. © The Author(s) 2024.
Elastic Bands During Half-Squats as A Re-Warm-Up Strategy for Youth Soccer Players' Performance
(Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 0024-12) Sanchez-Sanchez, Javier; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Rodríguez-Fernández, Alejandro
The study aimed to assess the immediate effects of re-warm-up strategies using half-squats with elastic looped bands on the performance of youth soccer players. A cross-over study design with repeated measures was implemented in field youth male soccer players (n = 20, age 15.7 ± 0.8 years). Following the first 45-min of match play, players were subjected to one of four re-warm-up (Re-w) interventions of equal duration: no Re-w (PAS), half-squat without elastic looped bands (SQ), half-squat with bands placed on the thighs (SQT), and half-squat with bands placed on the lower legs (SQL). These interventions were compared against a control condition (CON). The Re-w protocols were initiated 10-min after half-time, and players' performance was evaluated through vertical and horizontal jump tests, 20-m linear sprint, and T-agility test. Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed that the SQT and SQL interventions significantly improved (p < 0.001) several performance metrics compared to the PAS and SQ conditions. These improvements were observed in squat jumps, unilateral squat jumps (both dominant and non-dominant legs), coun-termovement jumps, horizontal jumps, triple horizontal jumps, the 20-m linear sprint, and T-agility performance. In conclusion, SQT and SQL are equally effective to enhance performance as Re-w strategies after the 1st-half of a soccer match. However, the lack of physiological data and 2nd-half assessments suggests the need for further research to confirm the persistence of these ef-fects. © 2024, Journal of Sport Science and Medicine. All rights reserved.
Validity and reliability of the step test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption in pediatric population
(Nature Research, 0025-12) Weisstaub, Gerardo; González, José; Orizola, Ignacio; Borquez, Juan; Monsalves-Alvarez, Matías; Lera, Lydia; Troncoso, Rodrigo; Sepúlveda, Carlos
Cardiorespiratory fitness is the most important variable related to health and a strong predictor of mortality. However, it is rarely used in clinics due to costs, specialized equipment, space needs, and the requirements of expert staff such as an exercise physiologist, physician, or other health professional. This work aims to validate and test the reliability of a submaximal step test to estimate VO2max of 8-to 16-year-old pediatric populations as a simple and low-cost tool for clinical practice. A cross-sectional study included 242 children and adolescents (42.1% girls) aged 8–16. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by a maximal incremental test on a treadmill until exhaustion. The step test entailed maintaining a steady pace of 22 steps per minute for 3 min (60 bpm), with the heart rate being recorded at the end of the test. Nutritional status was computed through BMI z-score. A multiple linear regression model validated the step test and developed a new equation to predict VO2max, including the third-minute heart rate, weight, and height. The reliability among predicted and measured VO2max was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. The mean age was 12.5 ± 2.6; 51.6% were overweight or obese. The cardiorespiratory fitness measured as VO2max was 35.01 ± 0.58 ml·min-1·kg−1. A robust correlation was observed between the predicted VO2max from the step test and the measured VO2max (r = 0.86, p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis indicated statistical concordance between predicted and measured VO2max. Our findings indicate that the step test protocol is valid and reliable for estimating VO2max in children and adolescents. Furthermore, the predictive equation is suitable for application among children aged 8–16. © The Author(s) 2024.

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