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Effect of a Concurrent Training Program with and Without Metformin Treatment on Metabolic Markers and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Individuals with Insulin Resistance: A Retrospective Analysis
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024-11) Azócar-Gallardo, Jairo; Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo; Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomás; Tuesta, Marcelo; González-Rojas, Luis; Calvo-Rico, Bibiana; García-García, José Manuel
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance (IR), which is prevalent worldwide and has significant adverse health effects. Metformin is commonly prescribed as a pharmacological treatment. Physical exercise is also recognized as an effective regulator of glycemia, independent of metformin. However, the effects of inter-day concurrent training (CT)—which includes both endurance and resistance exercises—combined with metformin treatment on metabolic markers and cardiorespiratory fitness in individuals with IR remain controversial. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of a 12-week inter-day CT program on metabolic markers and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight/obese individuals with IR, both with and without metformin treatment. Additionally, inter-individual responses to CT were examined. Materials and Methods: Data from the 2022–2023 Obesity Center database were retrospectively analyzed. According to the eligibility criteria, 20 overweight/obese individuals diagnosed with IR participated in a 12-week CT program (three weekly sessions: two endurance and one resistance exercise session). Participants were divided into three groups: the exercise group (E-G: n = 7, 32.86 ± 8.32 years, 85.2 ± 19.67 kg), the exercise–metformin group (E-MG: n = 6, 34.83 ± 12.91 years, 88.13 ± 12.66 kg), and the metformin-only control group (M-G: n = 7, 34.43 ± 13.96 years, 94.23 ± 13.93 kg). The M-G did not perform physical exercise during the 12 weeks but continued pharmacological treatment. Body composition, metabolic markers, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed before and after the 12-week CT program. Results: A group-by-time interaction was observed for fasting insulin (F2,17 = 34.059, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.88), the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (F2,17 = 35.597, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.80), and maximal fat oxidation (MFO) (F2,17 = 4.541, p = 0.026, η2p = 0.348) following the CT program. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) showed significant improvements in the E-G (F = 4.888, p = 0.041, ∆+13.3%). Additionally, the percentage of fat mass (%FM) and body mass (BM) were significantly reduced across all groups (F = 125.244, p < 0.001 and F = 91.130, p < 0.001, respectively). The BM decreased by ∆−9.43% in the E-G (five responders, Rs), ∆+9.21% in the EM-G (5 Rs), and ∆+5.15% in the M-G (3 Rs). The %FM was reduced in the E-G by ∆−22.52% (seven Rs). Fasting insulin and the HOMA-IR significantly improved in both the E-G and EM-G, with fasting insulin showing a ∆−82.1% reduction in the E-G (five Rs) and a ∆−85% reduction in the EM-G (six Rs). Similarly, the HOMA-IR improved by ∆+82.6% in the E-G (three Rs) and by ∆+84.6% in the EM-G (six Rs). Conclusions: The 12-week inter-day concurrent training program, whether combined with metformin or not, was similarly effective in improving metabolic markers in patients with insulin resistance as metformin treatment alone. Both exercise groups demonstrated a significant reduction in insulin sensitivity and an increase in maximal fat oxidation. Meanwhile, exclusive pharmacological treatment with metformin markedly decreased cardiorespiratory fitness, and consequently, fat oxidation.
Can resistance exercise prevent breast cancer–related lymphoedema? A systematic review and metanalysis protocol
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2024-11-19) Aguilera-Eguía, Raúl Alberto; Seron, Pamela; Gutiérrez-Arias, Ruvistay; Zaror, Carlos
Introduction Evidence shows that resistance training (RT) reduces lymphoedema in patients with breast cancer–related lymphoedema (BRCL), making it a safe and efficient intervention. However, it is uncertain if RT is safe and effective in patients at risk of developing BRCL. This systematic review (SR) protocol aims to describe all methodological aspects in order to evaluate the short-, medium- and long-term effects of RT on the prevention of BCRL. Materials and methods Throughout 2024, randomised clinical trials (RCTs) will be identified in electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro and LILACS. Only studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese will be included. Grey literature and clinical trial registration will also be reviewed. The primary outcome will be the occurrence of lymphoedema and quality of life. Second, pain intensity, upper limb function, range of movement, grip strength and adverse events will be considered. The individual studies’ risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Pairwise meta-analyses using a frequentist approach and random effects model will be conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system will be used to evaluate the certainty of the evidence. Ethics and dissemination This protocol does not require the approval of an ethics committee, as it is a secondary study. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.
Maximal strength, sprint and jump performance in elite kumite karatekas
(BioMed Central Ltd, 0025) Cinarli, Fahri Safa; Aydogdu, Onur; Aydin, Yalcin; Tokgöz, Gürkan; Kahraman, Abdulselam; Beykumül, Ayşegü; Aygoren, Caner; Yılmaz, Nurkan; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo
Background: Both maximal muscle strength and muscle power are independently important for karatekas. However, the relationship between strength and power in elite male kumite karatekas is under researched. This study aimed to determine the relationship between back-leg-chest (BLC) isometric muscle strength with sprint and jump variables in elite male karatekas. Methods: Male elite/international level (tier 4) kumite karatekas (n = 14; age, 20.79 ± 1.67 year; height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight, 72.21 ± 5.20 kg) were recruited. BLC strength, sprint and jump values were measured with a dynamometer, a photocell, and an application, respectively. Pearson correlation (trivial r < 0.1; small r < 0.3; moderate r < 0.5; large r < 0.7; very large r < 0.9; nearly perfect/perfect r ≥ 0.9) and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship and shared variance between BLC strength, sprint, and jump performance. Results: There were large to very large correlations between BLC strength and sprint time (r = − 0.930, p < 0.01), velocity (r = 0.918; p < 0.01), acceleration (r = 0.913; p < 0.01) and running momentum (r = 0.721; p < 0.01). Additionally, BLC strength correlated with jump height (moderate, r = 0.550, p < 0.05), peak anaerobic power (moderate, r = 0.672, p < 0.01) and power to body mass ratio (moderate, r = 0.545, p < 0.05). BLC strength and sprint variables showed an r2 = 0.52–0.86 (p < 0.01), while BLC strength and jump variables showed an r2 = 0.29–0.45 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BLC strength is related to jump and sprint performance in male elite karate athletes. This relationship underscores the importance of including strength training that targets BLC muscle strength in training programs for coaches and athletes. © The Author(s) 2025.
Morpho-functional characterization of an elite Chilean mountain runner: Insights from a high-performance case study
(Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025) Nieto-Jiménez, Claudio; Martin, Eduardo Baez-San; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo
Trail running (TR) is an endurance sport practised on irregular natural terrain with significant elevation changes. The aim was to analyse cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, bilateral body composition and maximal strength profiles in the lower limbs of elite Chilean trail runners. A 26-year-old Chilean amateur ultra trail runner was studied (body weight: 62.3 kg, height: 1.71 m, BMI: 21.2 kg/m2, lean mass: 54 kg (86.6%), muscle mass: 30.3 kg (48.6%), fat mass: 8.3 kg (13.3%) and a skeletal muscle mass index of 7.5 kg/m2). The subject participated in three laboratory sessions: 1) anthropometric and pulmonary measurements, 2) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with heart rate variability (HRV) assessment, and 3) isometric and isokinetic lower limb strength assessment. During the CPET, VO2max, ventilatory and HRV thresholds were measured using the DFA a1 algorithm. Quadriceps muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was also recorded. The runner presented a VO2max of 75 ml/kg/min. SmO2 values during CPET were 67.2% at rest, 38.5% at VT1, 26.8% at VT2 and 17.2% at VO2max. The results showed that the first heart rate variability threshold (HRVT1) coincided with the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Isometric and isokinetic evaluation revealed a higher eccentric flexion/concentric extension ratio in the right hip compared to the left, with values of 2.58 for the right and 2.25 for the left. Aerobic fitness is essential for trail running performance. Ventilatory thresholds and HRV, together with SmO2, may be useful tools for monitoring muscle fatigue. The observed muscle strength imbalances between limbs highlight the importance of training for strength symmetry to maximise performance and reduce the risk of injury. Future studies on muscle oxygenation, respiratory function and muscle asymmetries may improve training strategies in TR. © 2025 ARD Asociación Española.
Pain Decrement Using Radiofrequency Therapy After Knee Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Within First 72 h in Active Populations with Patellar Chondropathy
(Journal of Clinical Medicine, Volume 14, Issue 2January 2025 Article number 544, 2025) Abat, Ferran; Torras, Jordi; Garcia, Alba; Jordán, Enrique; Roby, Matías; Yáñez, Roberto; De la Fuente, Carlos
Objective: To determine whether 448 kHz capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMR) after platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) injections can further reduce pain sensation within the first 72 h in an active population with patellar chondropathy. Methods: One-hundred fifty-three active patients with patellar chondropathy grade II-III were followed for three days after PRP injections with and without CRMR under a control–placebo study. They were clinically evaluated for pain sensation using a visual analog scale ranging from zero (no pain sensation) to ten (highest pain sensation). Pain sensation was described using medians and analyzed through the Friedman and Conover test for within-group comparison (pre-intervention, and 24, 48, and 72 h post-intervention) and the Mann–Whitney test for between-group comparisons (Intervention vs. Placebo) with α = 5% and 1−β = 80%. Results: The placebo group showed statistical significance between pre-intervention and 24 h (Δ = −2.0 pts, p < 0.001), baseline and 48 h (Δ = −2.0 pts, p < 0.001), baseline and 72 h (Δ = −3.0 pts, p < 0.001), 24 h and 48 h (Δ = 0.0 pts, p < 0.016), and 24 h and 72 h (Δ = −1.0 pts, p < 0.001). The radiofrequency group showed statistical significance between baseline and 24 h (Δ = −7.0 pts, p < 0.001), baseline and 48 h (Δ = −7.0 pts, p < 0.001), baseline and 72 h (Δ = −8.0 pts, p < 0.001), 24 h and 72 h (Δ = −1.0 pts, p < 0.001), and 48 h and 72 h (Δ = −1.0 pts, p < 0.001). The placebo and radiofrequency groups were significantly different at 24 h (Δ = 4.0 pts, p < 0.001), 48 h (Δ = 4.0 pts, p < 0.001), and 72 h (Δ = 4.0 pts, p < 0.001). Conclusions: CRMR therapy administered after knee intra-articular injections of PRP within the first 72 h in active populations with patellar chondropathy reduces pain sensation with a median difference of 8.0 pts compared to baseline and 4.0 pts compared to placebo group. © 2025 by the authors.
Exertional Desaturation and Ambulatory Oxygen Therapy Requirements in People with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. A Retrospective Study
(Revista de Investigacion e Innovacion en Ciencias de la Salud, Volume 7, Issue 12025 Article number e-v7n1a342, 2025) Soler, Tamara; Cabrera, Osvaldo; Gutierrez-Arias, Ruvistay; Lara, Francisca; Benavides, María Guacolda
Introduction. Exertional desaturation (ED) is common in advanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) stages. Ambulatory O2 therapy could increase physical activity by preventing ED in people with IPF. Objective. This study aimed to assess ED and ambulatory O2 requirements in people with IPF using a protocol that involved up to four 6-minute walking tests (6MWT). Method. An observational study of a dynamic retrospective cohort from a high-complexity hospital was conducted. The ambulatory O2 requirement assessment protocol involves performing up to four 6MWT depending on ED. All participants performed the baseline test (no additional O2). If ED (SpO2 < 90%) was observed, up to three additional 6MWTs were performed with two, four, and six O2 liters/minute until ED was avoided. Results. Twenty-eight patients (16 female; mean age 73 years) were referred for assessment of ambulatory O2 requirements. Twenty-three (82%) had ED during baseline 6MWT. Twenty-two patients performed the 6MWT with two liters/minute of O2, ten performed a third 6MWT with four liters/minute of O2, and seven with six liters/minute of O2. The six participants who performed all four 6MWTs significantly increased their walking distance by 56.33 meters (SD 36.45) compared to the baseline (p = 0.001). Four of the seven patients (57.14%) who performed the last 6MWT had ED despite O2 supplementation. Conclusion. The prevalence of ED during baseline 6MWT was high. Some participants even experienced ED with six liters/minute of supplemental O2. Despite this, walking distance increased more than the learning effect. © 2025. María Cano University Foundation.
A broadband thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b
(Nature Research, 2023-08) Coulombe, Louis-Philippe; Benneke, Björn; Challener, Ryan; Piette, Anjali A. A.; Wiser, Lindsey S.; Mansfield, Megan; MacDonald, Ryan J.; Beltz, Hayley; Feinstein, Adina D.; Radica, Michael; Savel, Arjun B.; Dos Santos, Leonardo A.; Bean, Jacob L.; Parmentier, Vivien; Wong, Ian; Rauscher, Emily; Komacek, Thaddeus D.; Kempton, Eliza M.-R.; Tan, Xianyu; Hammond, Mark; Lewis, Neil T.; Line, Michael R.; Lee, Elspeth K. H.; Shivkumar, Hinna; Crossfield, Ian J. M.; Nixon, Matthew C.; Rackham, Benjamin V.; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Welbanks, Luis; Zhang, Xi; Batalha, Natalie M.; Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.; Changeat, Quentin; Désert, Jean-Michel; Espinoza, Néstor; Goyal, Jayesh M.; Harrington, Joseph; Knutson, Heather A.; Kreidberg, Laura; López-Morales, Mercedes; Shporer, Avi; Sing, David K.; Stevenson, Kevin B.; Aggarwal, Keshav; Ahrer, Eva-Maria; Alam, Munazza K.; Bell, Taylor J.; Blecic, Jasmina; Caceres, Claudio; Carter, Aarynn L.; Casewell, Sarah L.; Crouzet, Nicolas; Cubillos, Patricio E.; Decin, Leen; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Gibson, Neale P.; Heng, Kevin; Henning, Thomas; Iro, Nicolas; Kendrew, Sarah; Lagage, Pierre-Olivier; Leconte, Jérémy; Lendl, Monika; Lothringer, Joshua D.; Mancini, Luigi; Mikal-Evans, Thomas; Molaverdikhani, Karan; Nikolov, Nikolay K.; Ohno, Kazumasa; Palle, Enric; Piaulet, Caroline; Redfield, Seth; Roy, Pierre-Alexis; Tsai, Shang-Min; Venot, Olivia; Wheatley, Peter J.
Close-in giant exoplanets with temperatures greater than 2,000 K (‘ultra-hot Jupiters’) have been the subject of extensive efforts to determine their atmospheric properties using thermal emission measurements from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope 1–3. However, previous studies have yielded inconsistent results because the small sizes of the spectral features and the limited information content of the data resulted in high sensitivity to the varying assumptions made in the treatment of instrument systematics and the atmospheric retrieval analysis 3–12. Here we present a dayside thermal emission spectrum of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18b obtained with the NIRISS 13 instrument on the JWST. The data span 0.85 to 2.85 μm in wavelength at an average resolving power of 400 and exhibit minimal systematics. The spectrum shows three water emission features (at >6σ confidence) and evidence for optical opacity, possibly attributable to H−, TiO and VO (combined significance of 3.8σ). Models that fit the data require a thermal inversion, molecular dissociation as predicted by chemical equilibrium, a solar heavy-element abundance (‘metallicity’, M/H=1.03−0.51+1.11 times solar) and a carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio less than unity. The data also yield a dayside brightness temperature map, which shows a peak in temperature near the substellar point that decreases steeply and symmetrically with longitude towards the terminators. © 2023, The Author(s).
Phonological and Semantic Fluency in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(IOS Press BV, 2023-08) Olmos-Villaseñor, Rocio; Sepulveda-Silva, Consuelo; Julio-Ramos, Teresa; Fuentes-Lopez, Eduardo; Toloza-Ramirez, David; Santibañez, Rodrigo A.; Copland, David A.; Mendez-Orellana, Carolina
Background: Semantic and Phonological fluency (SF and PF) are routinely evaluated in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are disagreements in the literature regarding which fluency task is more affected while developing AD. Most studies focus on SF assessment, given its connection with the temporoparietal amnesic system. PF is less reported, it is related to working memory, which is also impaired in probable and diagnosed AD. Differentiating between performance on these tasks might be informative in early AD diagnosis, providing an accurate linguistic profile. Objective: Compare SF and PF performance in healthy volunteers, volunteers with probable AD, and patients with AD diagnosis, considering the heterogeneity of age, gender, and educational level variables. Methods: A total of 8 studies were included for meta-analysis, reaching a sample size of 1,270 individuals (568 patients diagnosed with AD, 340 with probable AD diagnosis, and 362 healthy volunteers). Results: The three groups consistently performed better on SF than PF. When progressing to a diagnosis of AD, we observed a significant difference in SF and PF performance across our 3 groups of interest (p = 0.04). The age variable explained a proportion of this difference in task performance across the groups, and as age increases, both tasks equally worsen. Conclusion: The performance of SF and PF might play a differential role in early AD diagnosis. These tasks rely on partially different neural bases of language processing. They are thus worth exploring independently in diagnosing normal aging and its transition to pathological stages, including probable and diagnosed AD. © 2023 - The authors. Published by IOS Press.
Effects of Active Video Games Combined with Conventional Physical Therapy on Perceived Functionality in Older Adults with Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(Applied Sciences (Switzerland), Volume 15, Issue 1January 2025 Article number 93, 2025) Guede-Rojas, Francisco; Mendoza, Cristhian; Fuentes-Contreras, Jorge; Alvarez, Cristian; Agurto Tarbes, Bárbara; Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Javiera Karina; Soto-Martínez, Adolfo; Carvajal-Parodi, Claudio
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) leads to functional decline in older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of active video games (AVGs) as a complement to conventional physical therapy (CPT) in improving functional disability. Methods: Sixty participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG, n = 30, 68.7 ± 5.4 years), which received CPT combined with AVGs, or to a control group (CG, n = 30, 69.0 ± 5.5 years), which received CPT alone. Sessions were performed three times a week for ten weeks. Functional disability was assessed using the WOMAC index before, during, and after the intervention. Secondary outcomes included the Global Rating of Change (GRoC), the Minimal Clinically Important Difference, and patient trajectories through functional disability strata. Results: The EG showed progressive improvements in all WOMAC scores, with moderate to large increases by the end of the intervention, while the CG only showed significant changes in the later stages. The EG demonstrated greater improvements in WOMAC pain and the GroC scale (p < 0.05), maintaining most of the gains at follow-up, whereas the CG showed regression. Additionally, the EG had a higher proportion of responders, particularly for pain, while the CG had a predominance of non-responders and adverse responders. In the EG, 70% improved their functional disability stratification compared to 50% in the CG. Conclusion: Integration of AVGs with CPT further improves perceived functional disability in older adults with OA. Future research should explore these findings further. © 2024 by the authors.
Contemporary practices of physical trainers in professional soccer: A qualitative study
(Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 142023 Article number 1101958, 2023) Barrera-Díaz, Joel; Figueiredo, António J.; Field, Adam; Ferreira, Bruno; Querido, Sérgio M.; Silva, João Renato; Ribeiro, João; Pinto, Ismael; Cornejo, Patricio; Torres, Hernan; Saffa, Alvaro; Sarmento, Hugo
Introduction: Physical trainers (PTs) are integral for managing load, reducing injury and optimizing performance in professional soccer. However, little is known about how this practitioners operate in the applied setting and how some of the nuances experienced influence practice. Methods: This study explored the contemporary practices of PTs in professional soccer. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with eight PTs from different professional teams in European and South American leagues. Interview questions were designed to extract information on the evaluation of physical abilities, monitoring and control of training and injury prevention. Subsequently, the interviews were video-recorded, transcribed, translated and analyzed using a content analysis approach. Results: The results suggest that the evaluation of physical capacities is carried out by PTs at the beginning of the preseason. It also appears that it is attempted that this process of regular testing is applied during the competitive period, with most participants conducting partial physiological and physical evaluations at different stages throughout the competitive season. In relation to the monitoring and control of training, subjective feedback scales are used to estimate the internal load, and the use of GPS devices is common to quantify external loads. Injury prevention programmes were implemented by all participants and were generally in a multi-component format focused on preventing or optimizing physical capabilities. Discussion: These insights can be used as a scientific reference point to inform applied practice in professional soccer, especially for practitioners that are inexperienced and aspiring to enhance how they operate in the field. Future investigations should explore the practices of PTs in detail and across a wider network in order to gain deeper and comprehensive insights into the applied soccer environment. Copyright © 2023 Barrera-Díaz, Figueiredo, Field, Ferreira, Querido, Silva, Ribeiro, Pinto, Cornejo, Torres, Saffa and Sarmento.
Occupational therapists and their teaching role: perceptions of professionals and university students
(Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy, Volume 312023 Article number e3292, 2023) Castillo, Jose Ignacio Marchant
Introduction: In Chile, occupational therapists have performed the academic role since 1963, increasing their presence in higher education institutions that have incorporated occupational therapy into their educational projects. Objective: To describe the perceptions of occupational therapists and students, regarding the process of acquisition and participation in the academic role within the metropolitan region of Chile. Method: Research qualitative with an exploratory-descriptive design in which occupational therapy academics and students were interviewed online, and selected in a non-probabilistic manner. 13 people participated, whose responses were analyzed in selective coding tables and categorized into 8 subcategories. Results: The motivation to transmit the values of the profession and the experiences when teaching are the main factors that professionals consider maintaining their teaching role in universities. In addition, the existence of an occupational imbalance in the areas of social participation, rest, and sleep was evidenced within the routine habits of professionals. Also, there is the precariousness of work and remuneration when maintaining the teaching role. Conclusion: Occupational therapist academics should facilitate the exploration of possibilities processes, motivating the development of skills and validating the achievements in the learning processes of the new generation of students, both in face-to-face and distance formats. © 2023 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos. All rights reserved.
Morpho-functional characterization of an elite Chilean mountain runner: Insights from a high-performance case study
(Asociacion Espanola de Analisis del Rendimiento Deportivo, 0025) Nieto-Jiménez, Claudio; Martin, Eduardo Baez-San; Rojas-Valverde, Daniel; Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo; Tuesta, Marcelo
Trail running (TR) is an endurance sport practised on irregular natural terrain with significant elevation changes. The aim was to analyse cardiorespiratory fitness parameters, bilateral body composition and maximal strength profiles in the lower limbs of elite Chilean trail runners. A 26-year-old Chilean amateur ultra trail runner was studied (body weight: 62.3 kg, height: 1.71 m, BMI: 21.2 kg/m2, lean mass: 54 kg (86.6%), muscle mass: 30.3 kg (48.6%), fat mass: 8.3 kg (13.3%) and a skeletal muscle mass index of 7.5 kg/m2). The subject participated in three laboratory sessions: 1) anthropometric and pulmonary measurements, 2) cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with heart rate variability (HRV) assessment, and 3) isometric and isokinetic lower limb strength assessment. During the CPET, VO2max, ventilatory and HRV thresholds were measured using the DFA a1 algorithm. Quadriceps muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) was also recorded. The runner presented a VO2max of 75 ml/kg/min. SmO2 values during CPET were 67.2% at rest, 38.5% at VT1, 26.8% at VT2 and 17.2% at VO2max. The results showed that the first heart rate variability threshold (HRVT1) coincided with the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2). Isometric and isokinetic evaluation revealed a higher eccentric flexion/concentric extension ratio in the right hip compared to the left, with values of 2.58 for the right and 2.25 for the left. Aerobic fitness is essential for trail running performance. Ventilatory thresholds and HRV, together with SmO2, may be useful tools for monitoring muscle fatigue. The observed muscle strength imbalances between limbs highlight the importance of training for strength symmetry to maximise performance and reduce the risk of injury. Future studies on muscle oxygenation, respiratory function and muscle asymmetries may improve training strategies in TR. © 2025 ARD Asociación Española.
Effectiveness of hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy including lower extremities in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review protocol
(BMJ Publishing Group, 0025) Qu, Ya-Lan; Harun, Dzalani; Chai, Siaw Chui; Ebner-Karestinos, Daniela; Araneda, Rodrigo; Zanudin, Asfarina
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) is a paediatric disorder with permanent impairment of movement and posture with a prevalence of about 2.11 in 1000 births in the world. Given the therapeutic effect of hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy including lower extremities (HABIT-ILE) in children with CP, a systematic review of the available literature on this topic is warranted. The objective of this study is to systematically review the effectiveness of HABIT-ILE on upper extremity, lower extremity and trunk outcomes within the domains of body functions and structures, activity and participation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in children with CP. Methods and analysis This study will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches will be conducted in six databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, OT seeker and Web of Science for available published literature. The grey literature sources will include WorldCat, National Technical Information Service, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Open Grey, WHO and OpenDOAR. Manual searches of citations of included papers will be performed to collect all experimental studies of HABIT-ILE in children with CP. The level of evidence for included articles will be classified according to the level of evidence in the guidelines for systematic reviews on the American Occupational Therapy Association website. Based on the study design of the included articles, the risk of bias will be assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, the Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions tool and the quality assessment tool recommended by the American Occupational Therapy Association. In order to synthesise the data, narrative synthesis will be used, along with meta-analysis, if available. Ethics and dissemination As this study only reviewed previously published articles, ethical approval was not required. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025.
Relationship of indicators of ability and experience of military sports skydiving with the psychological state and performance in competition of elite jumpers
(Universidad de Murcia Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Ortín-Montero, Francisco José; Borrego-Balsalobre, Francisco José; Álvarez-Arangua, Sebastián; Valdivia-Moral, Pedro; Morales-Baños, Vicente
Multiple variables must be considered when talking about sports performance. Among them, the literature establishes the importance of psychology and indicator techniques of experience acquired in the discipline. This study aims to establish the relationship between certain constructs that define the psychological profile of the athlete with skill indicators in military parachuting. For this, 42 jumpers aged 40.86 years old (±7.35) belonging to the Spanish army and the civil guard during the celebration of the National Military Championship of Skydiving which is held annually surveyed to know their level of optimism, resilience, psychological well-being, and burnout. It is concluded that the years of skydiving experience and the number of jumps, as indicators of skill, must be taken into account with a higher level of concreteness and specificity since certain psychological variables can increase or decrease depending on them. It is convenient to study each case, in particular, to understand what can happen in the state of the parachutist and develop strategies for optimizing sports performance. © Copyright 2018: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia
Effects of a small-sided handball game on selective, sustained attention and attentional amplitude in a sample of young adults
(Universidad de Murcia Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023) Reigal, Rafael Enrique; Enríquez-Molina, Rocío; Sánchez-García, Carolina; Franquelo-Egea, María Auxiliadora; Contreras-Osorio, Falonn; Campos-Jara, Christian; Hernández-Mendo, Antonio; Morales-Sánchez, Verónica
Previous studies have highlighted the chronic and acute effects that physical exercise has on cognitive functioning. However, it is necessary to go deeper in order to obtain precise information on what type of exercise is more favorable for certain cognitive abilities. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the effects of a session of small games based on handball on selective, sustained attention and attention span in a sample of young adults. Fifty-two participants between the ages of 21 and 25 (M= 21.83; SD=.94) from the city of Malaga (Spain) took part in this study. A quasi-experimental intersubject's research design was used with a control and experimental group. Using non-parametric statistical analyzes (U Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon) we tried to explore the effects of the physical/sports activity session on four tests of attention span, two of selective attention and one of sustained attention. The results showed statistically significant effects on the selective tests and attention span, although not on the sustained attention test. The findings suggest that collective physical-sporting activity could have a significant acute effect on attention, although it would be necessary to continue investigating the specific dimensions of attention, given the differences found between some parameters and others. © Copyright 2018: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia
Analysis of Magnitude and Direction of Body Composition Asymmetries in Male Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Athletes: Pilot Study
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 0025-02) Ojeda-Aravena, Alex; Kons, Rafael L; Azócar-Gallardo, Jairo; Dopico-Calvo, Xurxo; Fernández, Aida; Tuesta-Roa, Marcelo; Cresp-Barria, Mauricio; Olivares-Arancibia, Jorge; Báez-San Martín, Eduardo
In order to optimize body composition and its components, it is of interest to analyze inter-limb asymmetries in athletes of popular combat sports such as Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ). This study aimed to assess the magnitude and direction of body composition asymmetry in competitive male BJJ athletes. Seventeen experienced and competitive male BJJ athletes (age 34.59 ± 8.00 years, 172.94 ± 5.46 cm, BJJ experience 7.88 ± 5.57 years, and 3.71 ± 1.05 days of weekly volume training), including Guard Fighters (n = 7) and Pass Fighters (n = 10), participated in this study. In a single session, whole-body and segmental upper limb and lower limb body composition (BC) was assessed utilizing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The assessment included total mass (TM), fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (%FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and bone mineral content (BMC). Absolute differences between limbs were analyzed using a paired t-test. A comparison of BC asymmetries according to combat styles was conducted using an independent t-test. The effect size (ES) was interpreted as Cohen’s d. The main results revealed significant asymmetries in the upper limbs (ULs) of the total group; greater values were found on the left side for TM (p = 0.009, ES = 0.725), FM (p = 0.016, ES = 0.650), FFM (p = 0.026, ES = 0.594), and BMC (p < 0.001, ES = 0.993). In Pass Fighters, differences favored the right side in TM (p = 0.003, ES = 1.277), FM (p = 0.009, ES = 1.039), FFM (p = 0.011, ES = 1.000), and BMC (p < 0.001, ES = 1.916). In contrast, Guard Fighters showed no discrepancies in these parameters. No notable disparities were observed in the lower limbs. This pilot study reveals that BJJ athletes present significant asymmetries in BC, particularly in the ULs, with a marked predominance on the right side, especially in Pass Fighters. © 2025 by the authors.
Enhanced attention and memory in slackline practitioners: a descriptive study
(Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica, 2023) Plaza, Paula; Bustamante, Paula; Ramírez, Valentina; Ghiorzi, Ricardo; Concha, Paula; Achiardi, Oscar
Introduction: It has been shown that the practice of slackline, a sports discipline that consists of balancing on a rope anchored between two fixed points, not only can improve motor aspects such as body balance and postural control, but also cognitive aspects such as spatial orientation. Here we wonder whether the practice of slackline is related to other cognitive functions such as attention and/or memory. Materials and methods: Slackline practitioners were invited to take the Toulouse-Pieron test to assess attention and the Benton test to assess visual memory. The same tests were applied to a control group composed of people of the same age and with the same educational level. Results: 14 slackline practitioners, mean age 23.7 ± 4.1 years, and 14 controls, mean age 23.5 ± 3.5 years, participated in the study. When comparing the groups, we observed differences of 20% in the memory score (p<0.001) and 30 points in the attention test (p=0.031) in favor of the slackline group. In addition, a high direct correlation was observed between years of slackline practice and attention (r = 0.710), and a moderate direct correlation between years of slackline practice and visuospatial memory (r = 0.332). Conclusion: These findings allow us to suggest practice of slackline is related to enhanced attention and memory and may represent a prophylactic alternative to generate functional reserves or to treat cognitive disorders such as ADHD. © 2023 Federacion Espanola de Docentes de Educacion Fisica. All rights reserved.
Heteronymous feedback from quadriceps onto soleus in stroke survivors
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025-12) Cuadra, Cristian; Wolf, Steven L.; Lyle, Mark A.
Recent findings suggest increased excitatory heteronymous feedback from quadriceps onto soleus may contribute to abnormal coactivation of knee and ankle extensors after stroke. However, there is lack of consensus on whether persons post-stroke exhibit altered heteronymous reflexes and, when present, the origin of increased excitation (i.e. increased excitation alone and/or decreased inhibition). This study examined heteronymous excitation and inhibition from quadriceps onto soleus in paretic, nonparetic, and age-matched control limbs to determine whether increased excitation was due to excitatory and/or reduced inhibitory reflex circuits. A secondary purpose was to examine whether heteronymous reflex magnitudes were related to clinical measures of lower limb recovery, walking-speed, and dynamic balance. Methods: Heteronymous excitation and inhibition from quadriceps onto soleus were examined in fourteen persons post-stroke and fourteen age-matched unimpaired participants. Heteronymous feedback was elicited by femoral nerve and quadriceps muscle stimulation in separate trials while participants tonically activated soleus at 20% maximum voluntary isometric contraction. Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity, 10-m walk test, and Mini-BESTest were assessed in stroke survivors. Results: Heteronymous excitation and inhibition onsets, durations, and magnitudes were not different between paretic, nonparetic or age-matched unimpaired limbs. Quadriceps stimulation elicited excitation that was half the magnitude of femoral nerve stimulation. Femoral nerve elicited paretic limb heteronymous excitation was positively correlated with walking speed but did not reach significance because only a subset of paretic limbs exhibited excitation (n = 8, Spearman r = 0.69, P = 0.058). Conclusions: Heteronymous feedback from quadriceps onto soleus assessed in a seated posture was not impaired in persons post-stroke. Despite being unable to identify whether reduced inhibition contributes to abnormal excitation reported in prior studies, our results indicate quadriceps stimulation may allow a better estimate of heteronymous inhibition in those that exhibit exaggerated excitation. Heteronymous excitation magnitude in the paretic limb was positively correlated with self-selected walking speed suggesting paretic limb excitation at the higher end of a normal range may facilitate walking ability after stroke. Future studies are needed to identify whether heteronymous feedback from Q onto SOL is altered after stroke in upright postures and during motor tasks as a necessary next step to identify mechanisms underlying motor impairment.
Prevalencia de la exóstosis del conducto auditivo externo entre practicantes de surf y bodyboard en la costa central de Chile
(Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, 2023) Orellana, Carlos; Plaza, Paula; Poblete, Cristian; Karlsruher, Jan; Gallardo, Gonzalo
La exóstosis del conducto auditivo externo (ECAE), también conocida como oído de surfista, es una alteración del tejido óseo del oído externo, principalmente causada debido a la sobrexposición al frío. Considerando que los practicantes de deportes acuáticos como el surf y bodyboard de las costas del pacífico sur se exponen a aguas con temperaturas entre 12-16 °C, se busca determinar, en este estudio, la prevalencia y grado de ECAE en practicantes de surf y bodyboard de las localidades de Reñaca y Concón durante el año 2018. Se realizó una evaluación del CAE mediante video-otoscopía a 67 personas (134 oídos) practicantes de surf y bodyboard de las playas de Reñaca y Concón, y se les aplicó un cuestionario respecto a sus hábitos de práctica. Como resultado, se observó una prevalencia de ECAE del 77,6%, siendo el 61,2% ECAE bilateral y el 16,4% ECAE unilateral. Se pudo determinar, además, que el 62,3% de los participantes no usa protecciones. A partir de estos hallazgos, es posible concluir que existe una alta prevalencia de la ECAE en practicantes de surf y bodyboard en las costas centrales chilenas, lo que debería alertar tanto a la población practicante como a profesionales de la salud auditiva con el fin de promover una vida saludable en esta población.
Anogenital lesions produced by Human Papillomavirus. Prevalence study in children and adolescent not vaccinated
(Andes PediatricaOpen AccessVolume 94, Issue 1, Pages 29 - 36January-February 2023, 2023) Patricia Romero, Fuentes; Eugenio Ramírez V.; Mónica Muñoz O.; Paula Muñoz M.; Carolina González L.; Carolina Orellana C.; Carolina Pastene S.; Montserrat Balanda A.; Nicolásvergara V.; Alvaro Reyes P.
In Chilean children and adolescents, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection prevalence is unknown. In 2014, the HPV vaccine was incorporated into the National Immunization Program for girls, and since 2019 for boys. Objective: To determine the prevalence, genotypes, and characteristics of HPV infection in children and adolescents with anogenital lesions not vaccinated against HPV. Patients and Method: Children and adolescents with anogenital lesions who consulted at the Luis Calvo Mac-kenna Children’s Hospital between 2013 and 2017 were studied. The reason for consultation, age, sex, family history of HPV lesions, history of sexual abuse, and consensual sexual activity were recorded. HPV was detected by PCR and typification by reverse hybridization of the L1 gene. The samples were analyzed in the Oncogenic Virus Section of the Institute of Public Health. Results: 110 patients were studied; 44.5% were children. HPV was detected in 34 cases (30.9% [CI95% 22.4-40.4]), 22 (44.9%) were children and 12 (19.7%) adolescents. Eleven (91.7%) adolescents had a history of sexual contact (p < 0.005); 4 (18.2%) children disclosed sexual abuse. HPV was found in 25% of patients with genital lesions and 50% with perianal lesions (p < 0.015). The most frequent genotypes were 59, 58, 16, 18, 6, and 11. Only low-risk genotypes were detected in children and high-risk genotypes were detected in 11/12 (91.7%) of HPV (+) adolescents. Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV infection was 30%. In adolescents, the infection was related to sexual contact and high-risk HPV. In children, it was associated with low-risk genotypes. Perianal lesions are more frequently associated with HPV infection than genital lesions in children and adolescents. The visual inspection does not allow to specify the etiology of the genital lesions, so it is necessary to perform a PCR test for HPV. © 2023, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria. All rights reserved

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