Caracterización de la formación y germinación de las esporas de Turicibacter sanguinis K031
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2020
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El estudio de la microbiota intestinal ha revelado en el último tiempo que un gran número
de complicaciones en la salud humana se deben a desbalances en ésta. El balance entre los
microrganismos presentes en la microbiota y el hospedero ha sido reconocido como un elemento
esencial de los seres vivos, ya que cumple funciones que el hospedero no puede realizar, tales
como: metabolismo de algunos nutrientes, síntesis de algunas vitaminas y modulación específica
del sistema inmune.
La microbiota intestinal se compone principalmente de bacterias, donde la mayor parte de
estas son bacterias anaeróbicas. Aun cuando se ha visto que la microbiota intestinal es de gran
importancia para los hospederos, mucho se desconoce de ésta, desde cómo es la interacción entre
las bacterias intestinales hasta cómo estas transitan entre los distintos hospederos. Respecto a lo
último una de las hipótesis más aceptadas es que las bacterias de la microbiota intestinal utilizan
un mecanismo de supervivencia conocido como esporulación, donde éstas forman una estructura
resistente a condiciones adversas (espora bacteriana), que les permiten sobrevivir al ambiente
exterior del intestino permitiendo así la colonizando de nuevos hospederos.
Estudios recientes han revelado que aproximadamente un 30% de las bacterias de la
microbiota intestinal poseen genes relacionados con el mecanismo de esporulación y en algunos
casos se han podido identificar mediante microscopía estructuras que se han sugerido como
posibles esporas bacterianas. A pesar de estos resultados, se desconoce si es que el mecanismo de
esporulación presentado por estas bacterias de la microbiota es similar al mecanismo conocido hoy
en día o si este deriva de los cánones establecidos. Una de estas bacterias es Turicibacter sanguinis,
la cual es una bacteria poco conocida donde se identificó una estructura tipo espora que no se
encuentra caracterizada. Por lo que se levanta la pregunta: ¿Es realmente la estructura encontrada en T. sanguinis una espora bacteriana similar a las formadas mediante el proceso de esporulación
canónico?
Para responder a esta pregunta se obtuvo, a partir de una nueva cepa aislada (T. sanguinis
K031), estas estructuras descritas y se caracterizó sus cualidades fenotípicas básicas, su estructura
y cómo es el proceso de formación de estas presuntas esporas bacterianas presentes en T. sanguinis
K031. Además, se evaluó si en contacto con los medios de cultivo YCFA, BHIS y 70:30, las
estructuras tenían la capacidad de poder revertir su morfotipo a una célula vegetativa y cómo era
su comportamiento de germinación dentro del proceso. Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren
fuertemente que la estructura encontrada para T. sanguinis K031 si es una espora bacteriana similar
a las ya caracterizadas con cualidades, tanto fisiológicas como estructurales, que se presentan en
esporas bacterianas canónicas.
In recent years research about the intestinal microbiota has revealed that many complications in human health are caused by imbalances within it. The balance between the microorganisms present in the human gut and the host has been recognized as an essential element of living beings, since it fulfills functions that the host cannot perform, such as: metabolism of some nutrients, synthesis of some vitamins and specific modulation of the immune system. The intestinal microbiota is composed mainly of bacteria, where most of these are anaerobic bacteria. Although it has been seen that the intestinal microbiota is of great importance for the hosts, much is unknown about it, from how is the interaction between intestinal bacteria to how these bacteria transmit between different hosts. Regarding the latter, one of the most accepted hypotheses is that the intestinal microbiota bacteria use a survival mechanism known as sporulation, where a structure resistant to adverse conditions (bacterial spore) is formed, which allows them to survive the external environment of the intestine, thus allowing the colonization of new hosts. Recent studies revealed that approximately 30% of the bacteria of the intestinal microbiota possess genes related to the canonical sporulation mechanism and, in some cases, it has been possible to identify by microscopy structures that have been suggested as possible bacterial spores. Despite these results, it is not known if the sporulation mechanism presented by these microbiota bacteria is similar to the mechanism known today or if it deviates from established canons. One of these bacteria is Turicibacter sanguinis, which is a seemingly unknown bacterium where a spore type structure was identified that is not characterized. So, the question arises: Is the structure found in T. sanguinis really a bacterial spore similar to those formed by the process of canonical sporulation? To answer this question, we obtained, from a new isolated strain (T. sanguinis K031), these described structures and characterized their basic phenotypic qualities, their structure and how the process of formation of these presumed bacterial spores present in T. sanguinis K031 is. In addition, it was evaluated if in contact with the culture media YCFA, BHIS and 70:30, the structures had the capacity to revert their morphotype to a vegetative cell and how their germination behavior was within the process. The results of this work strongly suggest that the structure found for T. sanguinis K031 is a bacterial spore similar to those already characterized with qualities, both physiological and structural, that are presented in canonical bacterial spores.
In recent years research about the intestinal microbiota has revealed that many complications in human health are caused by imbalances within it. The balance between the microorganisms present in the human gut and the host has been recognized as an essential element of living beings, since it fulfills functions that the host cannot perform, such as: metabolism of some nutrients, synthesis of some vitamins and specific modulation of the immune system. The intestinal microbiota is composed mainly of bacteria, where most of these are anaerobic bacteria. Although it has been seen that the intestinal microbiota is of great importance for the hosts, much is unknown about it, from how is the interaction between intestinal bacteria to how these bacteria transmit between different hosts. Regarding the latter, one of the most accepted hypotheses is that the intestinal microbiota bacteria use a survival mechanism known as sporulation, where a structure resistant to adverse conditions (bacterial spore) is formed, which allows them to survive the external environment of the intestine, thus allowing the colonization of new hosts. Recent studies revealed that approximately 30% of the bacteria of the intestinal microbiota possess genes related to the canonical sporulation mechanism and, in some cases, it has been possible to identify by microscopy structures that have been suggested as possible bacterial spores. Despite these results, it is not known if the sporulation mechanism presented by these microbiota bacteria is similar to the mechanism known today or if it deviates from established canons. One of these bacteria is Turicibacter sanguinis, which is a seemingly unknown bacterium where a spore type structure was identified that is not characterized. So, the question arises: Is the structure found in T. sanguinis really a bacterial spore similar to those formed by the process of canonical sporulation? To answer this question, we obtained, from a new isolated strain (T. sanguinis K031), these described structures and characterized their basic phenotypic qualities, their structure and how the process of formation of these presumed bacterial spores present in T. sanguinis K031 is. In addition, it was evaluated if in contact with the culture media YCFA, BHIS and 70:30, the structures had the capacity to revert their morphotype to a vegetative cell and how their germination behavior was within the process. The results of this work strongly suggest that the structure found for T. sanguinis K031 is a bacterial spore similar to those already characterized with qualities, both physiological and structural, that are presented in canonical bacterial spores.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Biotecnología y Ciencias de la Vida)
Palabras clave
Esporas Bacterianas