Vivencia de ser discapacitado por daño a la médula espinal, estudio etnográfico
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Fecha
2008
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Se presenta una investigación de tipo cualitativa de trayectoria etnográfica, utilizando el
referencial metodológico de Spradley, J. (1979) y Mead, G. (1990) como referencial filosófico.
El universo cultural se constituyó por adultos discapacitados secundario a daño grave a la medula
espinal en rehabilitación en el Centro Esperanza Nuestra (CEN). El objetivo del estudio fue
describir las vivencias de las personas con discapacidad por lesión medular, describiendo su
forma de pensar, sentir y actuar.
Sufrir una discapacidad, rehabilitarse y adaptarse a una nueva forma después de un traumatismo
grave a la medula espinal, es un proceso largo que requiere de mucho apoyo afectivo y
compromiso de las redes de apoyo. La investigación muestra en los primeros temas de análisis,
lo difícil que fue asumir esta condición y disponerse a la rehabilitación, los discursos dan cuenta
de la interacción que la persona, realiza con su entorno, y el impacto que produce en la familia.
El profesional de enfermería se encuentra presente en los distintos momentos de la vivencia, con
lo cual cobran importancia la capacidad de compreender las vivencias de las personas, de manera
de brindar un cuidado de acuerdo a las necesidades individuales que se presentan en un contexto
de salud familiar y comunitaria.
La investigación permitió describir la expenencrn de ser discapacitado, identificándose
diferentes momentos de la vivencia, en donde la persona va evolucionando desde el momento del
accidente hasta cuando logra una rehabilitación máxima. Las personas describen etapas en el
proceso de rehabilitación; desde una fase marcada por la depresión, hasta llegar a la
rehabilitación total donde la persona logra en los mejores casos la independencia absoluta.
This is a qualitative research of ethnographic type, using the Spradley referential methodology, and G.H. Mead like as the referential philosophy. The cultural universe was constituted for disabled adults secondary to serious injury of the spinal cord; that are under rehabilitation in the "Centro Esperanza Nuestra" (CEN). The purpose of the study was to describe the disabed person's experiences, describing their way of thinking, feeling, and how they carry out daily activities. The research allowed to describe the expenence of being a disabled person, the different moments of their experiences were identified, how the person is evolving from the moment of the accident till when they achieve entire rehabilitation. The persons describe stages in the rehabilitation process; from a stage marked by depression, until they reach the total rehabilitation, where the person, in the best cases obtains absolute independence. To suffer a disability, to recover and to adapt themselves to a new body form, after a serious traumatism of the spinal cord, is a long process that requires much affective support and comrnitment of the health team, social workers and public organizations. The research shows in 'the first analytic tapies, how difficult it is to assume this condition and to arrange to the rehabilitation, the discourses show the interaction that the person realizes with his environment, and the impact that it produces in the family. The nursing professional is present at different moments of the experience. That is why it their ability to understand their daily living, becomes very important so she can give a good nursing care to the individuals needs, under a family and comrnunity health context.
This is a qualitative research of ethnographic type, using the Spradley referential methodology, and G.H. Mead like as the referential philosophy. The cultural universe was constituted for disabled adults secondary to serious injury of the spinal cord; that are under rehabilitation in the "Centro Esperanza Nuestra" (CEN). The purpose of the study was to describe the disabed person's experiences, describing their way of thinking, feeling, and how they carry out daily activities. The research allowed to describe the expenence of being a disabled person, the different moments of their experiences were identified, how the person is evolving from the moment of the accident till when they achieve entire rehabilitation. The persons describe stages in the rehabilitation process; from a stage marked by depression, until they reach the total rehabilitation, where the person, in the best cases obtains absolute independence. To suffer a disability, to recover and to adapt themselves to a new body form, after a serious traumatism of the spinal cord, is a long process that requires much affective support and comrnitment of the health team, social workers and public organizations. The research shows in 'the first analytic tapies, how difficult it is to assume this condition and to arrange to the rehabilitation, the discourses show the interaction that the person realizes with his environment, and the impact that it produces in the family. The nursing professional is present at different moments of the experience. That is why it their ability to understand their daily living, becomes very important so she can give a good nursing care to the individuals needs, under a family and comrnunity health context.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Enfermería)
Palabras clave
Médula Espinal, Discapacidad, Rehabilitación con base comunitaria, Chile