Funciones ejecutivas y autismo
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Archivos
Fecha
2023
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El Trastorno del espectro autista es una condición del neuro-desarrollo y dentro
de sus principales limitaciones está la presencia de dificultades en la comunicación e
interacción social, así como patrones restringidos y repetitivos de comportamiento,
intereses o actividades. Estas dificultades que incluyen una interacción social recíproca
descendida, escasa o nula; déficits en la comunicación social verbal y no verbal; y
deficiencias en la capacidad de desarrollar, mantener y comprender las relaciones
sociales, están relacionadas de alguna manera con las funciones cognitivas, en especial
con la Función Ejecutiva (FE).
El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa de tipo científico es recopilar la información
más relevante y exponer evidencias actualizadas que muestren la importancia de las
Funciones Ejecutivas (FE), con qué tipo de habilidades se relacionan y el efecto de su
intervención en la infancia. Considerando que diversos estudios reflejan datos
contundentes sobre un posible deterioro en el funcionamiento ejecutivo en niños, niñas y
adolescentes dentro del espectro autista, la estimulación en estas habilidades ejecutivas
podría ayudar a obtener un mayor rendimiento respecto a entender las representaciones
de partes y totalidades dentro del entorno en que se desenvuelven, y a desarrollar una
mayor flexibilidad cognitiva, entre estas representaciones. Lo que ha permitido el acceso
a intervenciones que capitalizan la neuroplasticidad de esta etapa del desarrollo,
planteando la posibilidad de mitigar en gran medida la manifestación del trastorno al
realizar intervenciones específicas y a edad temprana., (Rojas et al, 2019).
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition and among its main limitations is the presence of difficulties in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. These difficulties include decreased, little or no reciprocal social interaction; deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication; and deficiencies in the ability to develop, maintain and understand social relationships, are somehow related to cognitive functions, especially with the Executive Function (EF). The objective of this scientific narrative review is to collect the most relevant information and present updated evidence that shows the importance of Executive Functions (EF), with what type of skills they are related and the effect of their intervention in childhood. Considering that various studies reflect conclusive data on a possible deterioration in executive functioning in children and adolescents within the autism spectrum, the stimulation of these executive abilities could help to obtain a better performance regarding understanding the representations of parts and wholes within the environment in which they operate, and to develop greater cognitive flexibility, between these representations. This has allowed access to interventions that capitalize on the neuroplasticity of this stage of development, raising the possibility of greatly mitigating the manifestation of the disorder by performing specific interventions and at an early age., (Rojas et al, 2019).
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition and among its main limitations is the presence of difficulties in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. These difficulties include decreased, little or no reciprocal social interaction; deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication; and deficiencies in the ability to develop, maintain and understand social relationships, are somehow related to cognitive functions, especially with the Executive Function (EF). The objective of this scientific narrative review is to collect the most relevant information and present updated evidence that shows the importance of Executive Functions (EF), with what type of skills they are related and the effect of their intervention in childhood. Considering that various studies reflect conclusive data on a possible deterioration in executive functioning in children and adolescents within the autism spectrum, the stimulation of these executive abilities could help to obtain a better performance regarding understanding the representations of parts and wholes within the environment in which they operate, and to develop greater cognitive flexibility, between these representations. This has allowed access to interventions that capitalize on the neuroplasticity of this stage of development, raising the possibility of greatly mitigating the manifestation of the disorder by performing specific interventions and at an early age., (Rojas et al, 2019).
Notas
Actividad Final de Graduación (Magíster en Neurorrehabilitación)