Contribution of Small-Scale Agroforestry to Local Economic Development and Livelihood Resilience: Evidence from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province (KPK), Pakistan
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Fecha
2022-01
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
en
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Editor
MDPI
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Licencia CC
Attribution 4.0 International
CC BY 4.0
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Licencia CC
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Resumen
Agroforestry plays a vital role in enhancing environmental sustainability, improving local economies, and reducing poverty through livelihood resilience. Several researchers have studied the importance of agroforestry, but little attention has been paid to livelihood resilience and local economic development in developing countries. This study aims to find the role of small-scale agroforestry in local economic development in the Shangla and Swat districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province, Pakistan. In this study, a total of 350 quantitative household surveys, 12 qualitative household case studies, and interviews of experts are used. The ordinary least squares (OLS), linear regression model, household income, wealth index, and five capitals of sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) were used to measure livelihood resilience. Results show several significant findings which may apply on a larger scale and in other cities of Pakistan or other countries. First, it directly shows the association between agroforestry, resilience-building, and local economic development. Second, financial capital can be improved through agroforestry, which can improve other capital assets. Third, small-scale agroforestry brings non-financial benefits such as environmental sustainability, improved living standards, reduced soil erosion, and provided shade. Fourth, irrigation plays a vital role in building livelihood resilience and promoting agroforestry. Lastly, on-farm diversity can be improved through agroforestry. This research discusses several practical implications along with recommendations for future research. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Notas
Indexación: Scopus.
Palabras clave
Climate change, KPK Pakistan, Livelihood resilience, Local economic development, Small scale agroforestry, Sustainable livelihoods approach
Citación
Land, Volume 11, Issue 1, January 2022, Article number 71
DOI
10.3390/land11010071