Estudio de prefactibilidad técnico-económico para implementar sistema de saneamiento de efluentes en planta Carbesor Carbón de piedra Ltda.
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2021
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
El presente trabajo de memoria tiene por objetivo principal la evaluación técnica
y económica a nivel de prefactibilidad de la implementación de una etapa de
tratamiento de aguas de descarte en la planta de lavado de carbón Carbesor
situada a orillas del río Curanilahue.
Se realizó un análisis químico de muestras acuosas obtenidas tanto de efluentes
como de zonas del río relevantes, con lo cual se generó una línea base y se
identificó como problemática, el elevado contenido de solidos suspendidos
presente en los efluentes analizados.
Como alternativa para disminuir el alto contenido de sólidos suspendidos totales
(TSS), se plantearon en una primera instancia dos métodos acordes a la
problemática: Filtración por gravedad y Sedimentación simple. De los cuales, se
decidió que el método de sedimentación simple satisface de mejor manera las
necesidades de la empresa.
El desarrollo de este método, combina fundamentos teóricos dados por literatura
pertinente, con experiencias previas en el uso y aplicación de este método en
otras plantas de lavado de carbón. Todo lo anterior enmarcado bajo condiciones
de disponibilidad y presupuesto de la empresa patrocinante.
En vista de los altos costos que tiene los tanques decantadores en el mercado
(>$2.300.000) se propuso un sistema de decantación "artesanal" construido por
los propios trabajadores de la planta Carbesor. Donde el costo estimado de esta
propuesta alcanza la siguiente cifra: $928.968CLP.
Para medir el impacto financiero de este gasto y su forma de financiamiento, se
midió la variación del VAN y el Margen de Beneficio Neto actual de la empresa,
considerando financiamiento con capital propio y financiamiento con deuda
mediante préstamo bancario, donde la menor variación sobre el VAN de la
empresa (-0,76%) se obtuvo del financiamiento con capital propio.
Finalmente se concluyó que el proyecto desarrollado es viable técnicamente y
permitirá regular las emisiones de TSS que genera la planta actualmente, a un
costo inferior de las demás alternativas del mercado.
The present memory work has as its main objective the technical and economic evaluation at the pre-feasibility level of the implementation of a wastewater treatment stage in the Carbesor coal washing plant located on the banks of the Curanilahue river. A chemical analysis of aqueous samples obtained from both effluents and relevant river areas was carried out, with which a baseline was generated and the high content of suspended solids present in the analyzed effluents was identified as problematic. As an alternative to reduce the high content of total suspended solids (TSS), two methods according to the problem were proposed in the first instance: gravity filtration and simple sedimentation. Of which, it was decided that the simple sedimentation method best meets the needs of the company. The development of this method combines theoretical foundations given by pertinent literature, with previous experiences in the use and application of this method in other coal washing plants. All of the above framed under conditions of availability and budget of the sponsoring company. In view of the high costs that decanter tanks have on the market (> $ 2,300,000), an "artisanal" decanting system built by the workers of the Carbesor plant was proposed. Where the estimated cost of this proposal reaches the following figure: $ 928,968CLP. To measure the financial impact of this expense and its form of financing, the variation of the VNA and the current Net Profit Margin of the company were measured, considering financing with own capital and financing with debt through bank loan, where the lowest variation over the The company's VNA (-0.76%) was obtained from financing with its own capital. Finally, it was concluded that the developed project is technically feasible and will allow the regulation of TSS emissions that the plant currently generates, at a lower cost than other alternatives on the market.
The present memory work has as its main objective the technical and economic evaluation at the pre-feasibility level of the implementation of a wastewater treatment stage in the Carbesor coal washing plant located on the banks of the Curanilahue river. A chemical analysis of aqueous samples obtained from both effluents and relevant river areas was carried out, with which a baseline was generated and the high content of suspended solids present in the analyzed effluents was identified as problematic. As an alternative to reduce the high content of total suspended solids (TSS), two methods according to the problem were proposed in the first instance: gravity filtration and simple sedimentation. Of which, it was decided that the simple sedimentation method best meets the needs of the company. The development of this method combines theoretical foundations given by pertinent literature, with previous experiences in the use and application of this method in other coal washing plants. All of the above framed under conditions of availability and budget of the sponsoring company. In view of the high costs that decanter tanks have on the market (> $ 2,300,000), an "artisanal" decanting system built by the workers of the Carbesor plant was proposed. Where the estimated cost of this proposal reaches the following figure: $ 928,968CLP. To measure the financial impact of this expense and its form of financing, the variation of the VNA and the current Net Profit Margin of the company were measured, considering financing with own capital and financing with debt through bank loan, where the lowest variation over the The company's VNA (-0.76%) was obtained from financing with its own capital. Finally, it was concluded that the developed project is technically feasible and will allow the regulation of TSS emissions that the plant currently generates, at a lower cost than other alternatives on the market.
Notas
Memoria (Ingeniero Civil en Minas)
Palabras clave
Proyectos de Inversión, Evaluación, Agua, Purificación, Aspectos Económicos, Chile, Curanilahue