Utilidad del uso de acelerometría en la valoración del riesgo de caida en adultos mayores autovalentes que residen en la comunidad
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2017
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
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Resumen
La población de adultos mayores a nivel global crece a pasos acelerados. Las caídas son muy frecuentes en esta etapa del ciclo vital, las cuales suelen estar asociados a elevados riesgos de morbilidad y mortalidad, según datos de la Organización Mundial de Salud (OMS) “Cada año se producen aproximadamente un total de 37,3 millones de caídas a nivel global, de las cuales fallecen un total de 424.000 personas por la gravedad de las lesiones”. En Chile existen pruebas propuestas por el Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL), como la Estación Unipodal (EU) y el “Timed Up and Go” (TUG), usados para predecir los riesgos de caídas durante las actividades de la vida diaria, principalmente en la marcha. Estos carecen de exactitud y precisión si no se complementan con métodos de mayor especificidad y sensibilidad. La manera de determinar con mayor eficacia el riesgo de caída lo otorga la acelerometría, ya que estudia el comportamiento del centro de masa, el cual nos entrega información más relevante y objetiva acerca de la posibilidad de caer (a través de las mediciones de las variables de la marcha).
Revisar la utilidad del estudio acelerométrico como complemento a la detección del riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores propuestos en las guías MINSAL.
Se realizó una investigación de tipo revisión narrativa, en la cual se investigaron sólo los artículos científicos pertenecientes a las bases de datos como: la selección Mesh de Pubmed, Elsevier, Science Direct Cochrane Library. Se usaron las siguientes palabras claves: “adulto mayor” (“elderly”), “acelerometría” (“accelerometry”), “marcha” (“gait”), “caída” (“fall”), de los estudios que se encontraron en las distintas bases de datos se les aplicaron múltiples filtros para terminar finalmente hacer la selección de los documentos más adecuados para levantar la investigación.
De 259 números de “papers” que se encontraron, se seleccionaron 23 documentos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión de esta investigación, los cuales abordan temas referentes sobre caídas en la población AM, el comportamiento del centro de masas durante la marcha y su evaluación mediante la acelerometría demostrando dicha evidencia de los estudios revisados que tiene una mayor especificidad y sensibilidad para este evento.
Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos de revisión bibliográfica mostraron que los parámetros acelerométricos del centro de masa de usuarios caedores y/o con alto riesgo de caídas tienen una clara tendencia a presentar valores menores en comparación con los de usuarios no caedores o con bajo riesgo de caídas en los AM.
The global elder population is growing at a fast pace. Falls are very frequent at this stage of life, which are often associated with high morbidity and mortality risks. According to the World Health Organization (WHO). "Each year, approximately 37.3 million people fall worldwide, and a total of 424,000 people die due to the complexity of the injuries." In Chile, proofs have been shown by the Ministry of Health (MINSAL), such as the Unipodal [g1] Station (EU) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG), used to predict the risks of[g2] falls during daily life activities, mainly while walking. These two methods lack of accuracy and precision if they are not complemented by more specific and sensitive methods. The way most effective way to determine the risk of fall is by the accelerometry, since it studies the behavior of the center of mass, which provides us more relevant and objective information about the possibility of falling (through the measurements of the variables while walking), from the studies found in the different databases multiple filters are applied to finish making the selection of the most appropriate documents to lift the research. Objective/Goal: To review the utility of accelerometric studies as a complement to the detection of risk of falls in older adults proposed by the MINSAL guidelines. Method: A research through a narrative review was carried out, in which only the scientific articles belonging to databases such as Pubmed Mesh selection, Elsevier, Science Direct Cochrane Library were investigated. The following key words were used: “adulto mayor” (elderly), “acelerometría” (accelerometry), “marcha” (gait), “caída” (fall). From the studies that were found in the different data bases, multiple filters were applied to finally make the selection of the more suitable documents to carry the research. Outcomes: 23 out of 259 papers were selected which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this research, which address issues related to falls in the elder people population, the behavior of the center of mass while walking and its evaluation by accelerometry proving the evidence of the reviewed studies that are more specific and sensitive for this event. 5 Conclusion: The results obtained from a bibliographic review showed that the accelerometric parameters of the center of mass of users with high risk of falls have a clear tendency to present lower values compare to those of users without or with a low risk of falls in the elder people
The global elder population is growing at a fast pace. Falls are very frequent at this stage of life, which are often associated with high morbidity and mortality risks. According to the World Health Organization (WHO). "Each year, approximately 37.3 million people fall worldwide, and a total of 424,000 people die due to the complexity of the injuries." In Chile, proofs have been shown by the Ministry of Health (MINSAL), such as the Unipodal [g1] Station (EU) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG), used to predict the risks of[g2] falls during daily life activities, mainly while walking. These two methods lack of accuracy and precision if they are not complemented by more specific and sensitive methods. The way most effective way to determine the risk of fall is by the accelerometry, since it studies the behavior of the center of mass, which provides us more relevant and objective information about the possibility of falling (through the measurements of the variables while walking), from the studies found in the different databases multiple filters are applied to finish making the selection of the most appropriate documents to lift the research. Objective/Goal: To review the utility of accelerometric studies as a complement to the detection of risk of falls in older adults proposed by the MINSAL guidelines. Method: A research through a narrative review was carried out, in which only the scientific articles belonging to databases such as Pubmed Mesh selection, Elsevier, Science Direct Cochrane Library were investigated. The following key words were used: “adulto mayor” (elderly), “acelerometría” (accelerometry), “marcha” (gait), “caída” (fall). From the studies that were found in the different data bases, multiple filters were applied to finally make the selection of the more suitable documents to carry the research. Outcomes: 23 out of 259 papers were selected which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this research, which address issues related to falls in the elder people population, the behavior of the center of mass while walking and its evaluation by accelerometry proving the evidence of the reviewed studies that are more specific and sensitive for this event. 5 Conclusion: The results obtained from a bibliographic review showed that the accelerometric parameters of the center of mass of users with high risk of falls have a clear tendency to present lower values compare to those of users without or with a low risk of falls in the elder people
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Tesis (Kinesiólogo)
Palabras clave
Adulto Mayor, Riesgos Lesiones, Pruebas, Investigaciones, Chile