Propuesta técnica para el procesamiento mineral polimetálico proveniente de la Región de Coquimbo
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2020
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Resumen
Los yacimientos polimetálicos del distrito Talcuna se caracterizan por presentar una mineralización rica ensulfuros de cobre, siendo estos los principales minerales en explotación en la actualidad. Los estudios y caracterizaciones del sector (Boric (1985), entre otros), muestran que además de los sulfuros de cobre, existen otros minerales de interés económico, tales como la galena y la esfalerita. El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad encontrar un procesamiento adecuado respecto a la mineralización obtenida a través de diferentes análisis, tanto químicos como mineralógicos, sobre muestras obtenidas desde un sector específico del distrito Talcuna. Como ya se conoce la presencia de sulfuros de cobre, específicamente la calcopirita, es necesario estudiar en mayor profundidad a la galena y la esfalerita, entregando así las bases para futuras pruebas de laboratorio que permitan disminuir la incertidumbre de invertir en un posible procesamiento de Cu-Pb-Zn.El estudio es teórico, es decir, toma los estudios e investigaciones de otros autores,en comparativa con la mineralización obtenida en los análisis para una posterior implementación. A su vez, la preparación mecánica de las muestras y los análisis mineralógicos ópticos (microscopio), fueron realizados por el autor en conjunto con ayudantes de geología, mientras que para los análisis químicos se enviaron muestras a la sede de Santiago de la Universidad Andrés Bello para que fueran realizados.Los resultados muestran que el procesamiento más adecuado para el mineral es la flotación bulk de Cu-Pb, descartando la esfalerita y posterior separación del Cu-Pb a través del método cianuro. Esta separación se da debido a que la concentración de sulfuros de cobre es mayor que la de plomo. De los buenos resultados del concentrado de plomo dependerá la implementación de unalixiviación con HNO3en autoclaves,para reducir emisiones de gases nocivos.Con respecto a la esfalerita,no se pudo llegar a resultados concluyentes que permitieran asegurar su inclusión en el procesamiento, a diferencia de la calcopirita y galena que dan cierto margen para la posible implementación del procesamiento, pero es necesario realizar un análisis por FRX o DRX semi cuantitativo para conocer sus concentraciones con mayor detalle.
The polymetallic deposits in the Talcuna district are characterized by a mineralization rich in copper sulphides, these being the main minerals currently in exploitation. Studies and characterizations of the sector (Boric (1985), among others), show that in addition to copper sulfides, there are other minerals of economic interest, such as galena and sphalerite.The purpose of this study was to find an adequate processing regarding the mineralization obtained through different analyzes, chemical as mineralogical, on samples obtained from a specific sector of the Talcuna district. As the presence of copper sulphides, specifically chalcopyrite, is already known, it is necessary to study galena and sphalerite in greater depth, thus providing the basis for future laboratory tests that reduce the uncertainty of investing in apossible Cu-Pb-Zn processing.The study is theoretical, that is, it takes the studies and investigations of other authors, in comparison with the mineralization obtained in the analyzes for a subsequent implementation. In turn, the mechanical preparation of thesamples and the optical mineralogical analysis (microscope) were carried out by the author in conjunction with geology assistants, while for chemical analyzes samples were sent to the Santiago headquarters of the Universidad Andrés Bellofor them to be made.The results show that the most suitable processing for the mineral is the bulk flotation of Cu-Pb, ruling out sphalerite and subsequent separation of Cu-Pb through the cyanide method. This separation occurs because the concentration of copper sulfides is higher than that of lead. The implementation of a HNO3 leaching in autoclaves will depend on the good results of the lead concentrate to reduce emissions of harmful gases.Regarding sphalerite, it was not possible to reach conclusive results that would ensure its inclusion in processing, unlike chalcopyrite and galena, which give some scope for the possible implementation of processing, but an analysis by FRX or semi quantitative DRX is necessary. to know their concentrations in greater detail.
The polymetallic deposits in the Talcuna district are characterized by a mineralization rich in copper sulphides, these being the main minerals currently in exploitation. Studies and characterizations of the sector (Boric (1985), among others), show that in addition to copper sulfides, there are other minerals of economic interest, such as galena and sphalerite.The purpose of this study was to find an adequate processing regarding the mineralization obtained through different analyzes, chemical as mineralogical, on samples obtained from a specific sector of the Talcuna district. As the presence of copper sulphides, specifically chalcopyrite, is already known, it is necessary to study galena and sphalerite in greater depth, thus providing the basis for future laboratory tests that reduce the uncertainty of investing in apossible Cu-Pb-Zn processing.The study is theoretical, that is, it takes the studies and investigations of other authors, in comparison with the mineralization obtained in the analyzes for a subsequent implementation. In turn, the mechanical preparation of thesamples and the optical mineralogical analysis (microscope) were carried out by the author in conjunction with geology assistants, while for chemical analyzes samples were sent to the Santiago headquarters of the Universidad Andrés Bellofor them to be made.The results show that the most suitable processing for the mineral is the bulk flotation of Cu-Pb, ruling out sphalerite and subsequent separation of Cu-Pb through the cyanide method. This separation occurs because the concentration of copper sulfides is higher than that of lead. The implementation of a HNO3 leaching in autoclaves will depend on the good results of the lead concentrate to reduce emissions of harmful gases.Regarding sphalerite, it was not possible to reach conclusive results that would ensure its inclusion in processing, unlike chalcopyrite and galena, which give some scope for the possible implementation of processing, but an analysis by FRX or semi quantitative DRX is necessary. to know their concentrations in greater detail.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil en Minas)
Palabras clave
Yacimientos Minerales, Procesamiento de Minerales, Chile, Región de Coquimbo