Manejo manual de cargas en la construcción desde una perspectiva ergonómica
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Fecha
2007
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La evaluación de la carga física en un puesto de trabajo, sirve para determinar si el nivel
de exigencias físicas impuestas por la tarea y el entorno donde ésta se desarrolla están
dentro de los límites fisiológicos y biomecánicos aceptables o, por el contrario, pueden
llegar a sobrepasar las capacidades físicas de la persona con el consiguiente riesgo
para su salud.
La metodología escogida para realizar el estudio de terreno fue la comparación de
varios métodos, con unas fiabilidades demostradas experimentalmente y de un empleo
práctico frecuente para cuantificar en distintas tablas la exposición del trabajador a
distintos tipos de cargas.
Como lo demuestran estudios internacionales y nacionales, el manejo y el
levantamiento de cargas son las principales causas de lumbalgias que exige múltiples
enfoques, en este sentido la promulgación de la ley 20.001, que regula el peso máximo
de carga humana y es un importante aporte a la protección de los trabajadores, no
obstante, se quiere destacar que la principal contribución reside en la necesidad de
controlar los aspectos relacionados con las características y condiciones de las cargas,
que, tal como se explica aquí pueden generar riesgos mayores que el propio peso de la
carga
The evaluation of the physical load in a working place, will serve to determine if the level of physica! requirements imposed by the task and the environment where this one develops they are inside the physiological limits and biomechanics acceptably or, on the contrary, they can manage to exceed the physical capacities of the person with the consequent risk for his health. The methodology chosen to realize the field study was the comparison of severa! methods, with a few reliabilities demonstrated experimentally and of a practica! frequent employment to quantify in different tables the exhibition of the worker to different types of loads. Since it is demonstrated by international and national studies, the managing and the raising loads are the principal reasons of lumbago's that needs multiple approaches and boarding's, in this respect the promulgation of the law 20.001, which there regulates the maximum weight of human load, is an important contribution in the protection of the workers, nevertheless, 1 have wanted to emphasize that the principal contribution resides in the need to control the aspects related to the characteristics and conditions of it them loads, that, as it is explained in this memory can generate major risks that the proper weight of the load.
The evaluation of the physical load in a working place, will serve to determine if the level of physica! requirements imposed by the task and the environment where this one develops they are inside the physiological limits and biomechanics acceptably or, on the contrary, they can manage to exceed the physical capacities of the person with the consequent risk for his health. The methodology chosen to realize the field study was the comparison of severa! methods, with a few reliabilities demonstrated experimentally and of a practica! frequent employment to quantify in different tables the exhibition of the worker to different types of loads. Since it is demonstrated by international and national studies, the managing and the raising loads are the principal reasons of lumbago's that needs multiple approaches and boarding's, in this respect the promulgation of the law 20.001, which there regulates the maximum weight of human load, is an important contribution in the protection of the workers, nevertheless, 1 have wanted to emphasize that the principal contribution resides in the need to control the aspects related to the characteristics and conditions of it them loads, that, as it is explained in this memory can generate major risks that the proper weight of the load.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Salud Ocupacional, Ingeniería humana, Carga física, Control de Procesos, Normalización, Chile