Metodología de análisis geotécnico para taludes rocosos asociados a portales de túneles mineros
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2015
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Resumen
En la actualidad, faenas a cielo abierto de grandes depósitos mineralizados en Chile están considerando realizar la transición a minería subterránea, principalmente debido a los altos costos que se generan al transportar el mineral explotado. Como consecuencia, se requerirá la construcción de diferentes tipos de túneles e infraestructuras para acceder a los futuros sectores productivos subterráneos. Este trabajo se enfoca en el análisis geotécnico de los taludes rocosos asociados a portales de estos túneles mineros. El principal aporte es la propuesta de una metodología para el análisis de los taludes donde se emplazarán los portales, la cual considera la caracterización geotécnica, la clasificación geotécnica, análisis cinemático, análisis de estabilidad a nivel de banco y nivel global y medidas de mitigación en caso de ser necesario. De esta manera se evalúan los diferentes diseños banco-berma y correspondiente configuración global. Finalmente se presenta una aplicación de la metodología a un caso práctico.
In these days, mines in Chile are considering implementing the transition from open pit to underground mining, mainly due to the haulage and associated high costs. As consequence, the construction of different types of tunnels and appropriate underground infrastructure to reach the ore will be necessary. This work is then focused on the geotechnical analysis of rock slopes associated to mining tunnel portals; the main contribution is the proposal of a methodology for the analysis of the mentioned rock slopes, which considers geotechnical characterization, geotechnical classification, kinematic analysis, slope stability analysis at a bench and global scale, and mitigation measures if it is necessary. Through this technique, different bench-berm designs can be evaluated as well as the corresponding global configuration of the slope. Finally, an application of the methodology to a practical case will be developed for discussion.
In these days, mines in Chile are considering implementing the transition from open pit to underground mining, mainly due to the haulage and associated high costs. As consequence, the construction of different types of tunnels and appropriate underground infrastructure to reach the ore will be necessary. This work is then focused on the geotechnical analysis of rock slopes associated to mining tunnel portals; the main contribution is the proposal of a methodology for the analysis of the mentioned rock slopes, which considers geotechnical characterization, geotechnical classification, kinematic analysis, slope stability analysis at a bench and global scale, and mitigation measures if it is necessary. Through this technique, different bench-berm designs can be evaluated as well as the corresponding global configuration of the slope. Finally, an application of the methodology to a practical case will be developed for discussion.
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Tesis (Ingeniería Civil)
Palabras clave
Mecánica de suelos, Modelos Matemáticos, Taludes rocosos, Chile, Depósitos Mineralizados