Procedimiento para evaluar y diseñar el izaje de estructuras en etapa de montaje y transporte basados en la práctica chilena industrial
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Archivos
Fecha
2021
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El izaje de estructuras es uno de los desafíos que se presentan al momento de montar y
ensamblar estructuras industriales. En la actualidad existen pocas normas o códigos nacionales que
regulen esta práctica, sin embargo, existen normas internacionales que permiten evaluar y diseñar
las maniobras de izaje de estructuras, entre ellas se encuentran principalmente las normas de USA
ANSI / ASME y Alemanas como DIN para el cálculo y diseño de los elementos que se involucran en
el izaje.
El estudio se enfoca principalmente en lo que establecen las normas ANSI / ASME, donde se
hace una revisión meticulosa de las condiciones, parámetros, tipos de elementos, accesorios y
equipos que forman parte integra de una maniobra de izaje, según esta revisión se observa que
conocer los tipos y usos de los distintos elementos de izaje es indispensable para obtener resultados
eficaces, ya que, estos elementos forman el lazo de conexión principal entre la estructura y el gancho
de la grúa, por lo tanto, en este apartado se entregan las características que deben tener los
elementos de izaje para realizar una maniobra.
El estudio se divide en dos etapas, donde la primera etapa es la descrita en el párrafo anterior
en donde además se describen los elementos que permiten ser diseñados bajo software según los
requerimientos del proyecto, dentro de esta etapa se incluye la revisión de las condiciones que se
deben tener para el transporte de estructuras. La segunda etapa corresponde al diseño del izaje de
una torre el cual tiene como principal objetivo comparar las diferencias entre el comportamiento de
diseñar elementos cable como barra (frame) versus diseñarlos propiamente como cables en el
software SAP2000, esto a modo de detectar si es factible realizar el diseño de una u otra forma y
conocer las ventajas de ambos métodos, para llevar a cabo este análisis, se estudia el volteo vertical
de la estructura tipo torre, evaluando la modelación y comparando los esfuerzos axiales producidos
en los cables de izaje, a raíz de este análisis se hace una revisión al diseño de yugos y orejas de
izaje con la finalidad de conocer el comportamiento según el tipo de configuración asignado en un
izaje, cabe señalar que en este procedimiento no se diseñan cables o elementos de conexión.
Adicionalmente se evalúa el uso de una herramienta “Staged Construction” propia del software
SAP2000 con el fin de identificar si es posible utilizar el método para el diseño de izaje.
Structure lifting is one of the challenges that arise when assembling and assembling industrial structures. Currently there are few national standards or codes that regulate this practice, however, there are international standards that allow the evaluation and design of the lifting manoeuvres of structures, among them are mainly the USA ANSI / ASME and German standards such as DIN for the calculation and design of the elements involved in the lifting. The study focuses mainly on the ANSI / ASME standards, where a meticulous review of the conditions, parameters, types of elements, accessories and equipment that are integral part of a lifting maneuver is carried out. According to this review it is observed that knowledge of the types and uses of the different lifting elements is essential to obtain effective results, since these elements form the main connection between the structure and hook of the crane, therefore, this section gives the characteristics that the hoisting elements must have to perform a maneuver. The study is divided into two stages, where the first stage is the one described in the previous paragraph, which also describes the elements that allow to be designed under software according to the requirements of the project. This stage includes the review of the conditions that must be met for the transport of structures. The second stage corresponds to the design of a tower lift which has as main objective to compare the differences between the behavior of designing cable elements as a frame versus designing them as cables in the SAP2000 software, this in order to detect if it is feasible to carry out the design in one way or another and to know the advantages of both methods. To carry out this analysis, the vertical tilting of the tower type structure is studied. When evaluating the modeling and comparing the axial forces produced in the hoisting cables, following this analysis, a review is made to the design of hoisting joints and ears in order to know the behavior according to the type of configuration assigned to a hoisting, it should be noted that this procedure does not design cables or connecting elements. In addition, the use of a “Staged Construction” tool of the SAP2000 software is evaluated to identify if it is possible to use the method for the design of the lift.
Structure lifting is one of the challenges that arise when assembling and assembling industrial structures. Currently there are few national standards or codes that regulate this practice, however, there are international standards that allow the evaluation and design of the lifting manoeuvres of structures, among them are mainly the USA ANSI / ASME and German standards such as DIN for the calculation and design of the elements involved in the lifting. The study focuses mainly on the ANSI / ASME standards, where a meticulous review of the conditions, parameters, types of elements, accessories and equipment that are integral part of a lifting maneuver is carried out. According to this review it is observed that knowledge of the types and uses of the different lifting elements is essential to obtain effective results, since these elements form the main connection between the structure and hook of the crane, therefore, this section gives the characteristics that the hoisting elements must have to perform a maneuver. The study is divided into two stages, where the first stage is the one described in the previous paragraph, which also describes the elements that allow to be designed under software according to the requirements of the project. This stage includes the review of the conditions that must be met for the transport of structures. The second stage corresponds to the design of a tower lift which has as main objective to compare the differences between the behavior of designing cable elements as a frame versus designing them as cables in the SAP2000 software, this in order to detect if it is feasible to carry out the design in one way or another and to know the advantages of both methods. To carry out this analysis, the vertical tilting of the tower type structure is studied. When evaluating the modeling and comparing the axial forces produced in the hoisting cables, following this analysis, a review is made to the design of hoisting joints and ears in order to know the behavior according to the type of configuration assigned to a hoisting, it should be noted that this procedure does not design cables or connecting elements. In addition, the use of a “Staged Construction” tool of the SAP2000 software is evaluated to identify if it is possible to use the method for the design of the lift.
Notas
Proyecto de título (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Izaje de Estructuras, Normas, Diseño