Caracterización hidrogeológica y evaluación de los recursos hídricos subterráneos de la comuna de Quillón, región de Ñuble, Chile
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Fecha
2022
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La presente memoria de título lleva a cabo un estudio hidrogeológico en la comuna de Quillón,
región de Ñuble con el objetivo de identificar y caracterizar las propiedades del área de estudio con
respecto a esta materia, además de cuantificar el recurso que es actualmente demandado y la
estimación del volumen de agua subterránea disponible.
Esto se desarrolla mediante una metodología dividida en 4 fases que tienen como objetivos la
caracterización cuantitativa y cualitativa, desarrollo de un balance hídrico y estimaciones de oferta
y demanda de la comuna. Estas etapas se basan en metodologías de diversos autores, estos son;
Gálvez (2018), Perdomo & Rojas (2017), Pereira & Pruitt (2004), Schosinsky & Losilla (2000),
Thornthwaite (1948).
Se distinguen dos acuíferos distintos, un acuífero pobre superficial compuesto por arcilla y arena
fina, con 0.97 m/s de permeabilidad y un espesor de hasta 15 m. El segundo acuífero está
compuesto principalmente de arenas, con intercalaciones de arcillas y gravas, este posee una
permeabilidad promedio de 18.5 m/s y un espesor de hasta 80 m.
La mayor parte de la comuna se encuentra con un déficit hídrico, producto de un balance negativo
de las entradas y salidas de los acuíferos en su conjunto. Con esto, el panorama futuro es
desalentador, pues tomando el escenario más crítico en ambos acuíferos, en los próximos 5 años,
el recurso empezará a agotarse en algunas zonas de la comuna, teniendo a los 30 años, el peak de
ascenso de agotamiento, para aproximarse al 50% en un plazo de 100 años.
This title report carries out a hydrogeological study in the commune of Quillón, Ñuble region with the objective of identifying and characterizing the properties of the study area with respect to this matter, in addition to quantifying the resource that is currently demanded and the estimation of the volume of groundwater available. This is developed through a methodology divided into 4 phases whose objectives are quantitative and qualitative characterization, development of a water balance and estimates of supply and demand of the commune. These stages are based on methodologies of various authors, these are; Gálvez (2018), Perdomo & Rojas (2017), Pereira & Pruitt (2004), Schosinsky & Losilla (2000), Thornthwaite (1948). There are two aquifers different, an aquifer poor surface composed of clay and fine sand, with 0.97 m/s permeability and a thickness of up to 15 m. The second aquifer is composed mainly of sands, with intercalations of clays and gravels, this has a permeability average of 18.5 m/s and a thickness up to 80 m. Most of the commune has a water deficit, as a result of a negative balance of the inputs and outputs of the aquifers as a whole. With this, the future outlook is discouraging, since taking the most critical scenario in both aquifers, in the next 5 years, the resource will begin to be depleted in some areas of the commune, with the peak of depletion rising in 30 yrs. and approaching 50% in 100 yrs.
This title report carries out a hydrogeological study in the commune of Quillón, Ñuble region with the objective of identifying and characterizing the properties of the study area with respect to this matter, in addition to quantifying the resource that is currently demanded and the estimation of the volume of groundwater available. This is developed through a methodology divided into 4 phases whose objectives are quantitative and qualitative characterization, development of a water balance and estimates of supply and demand of the commune. These stages are based on methodologies of various authors, these are; Gálvez (2018), Perdomo & Rojas (2017), Pereira & Pruitt (2004), Schosinsky & Losilla (2000), Thornthwaite (1948). There are two aquifers different, an aquifer poor surface composed of clay and fine sand, with 0.97 m/s permeability and a thickness of up to 15 m. The second aquifer is composed mainly of sands, with intercalations of clays and gravels, this has a permeability average of 18.5 m/s and a thickness up to 80 m. Most of the commune has a water deficit, as a result of a negative balance of the inputs and outputs of the aquifers as a whole. With this, the future outlook is discouraging, since taking the most critical scenario in both aquifers, in the next 5 years, the resource will begin to be depleted in some areas of the commune, with the peak of depletion rising in 30 yrs. and approaching 50% in 100 yrs.
Notas
Memoria (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Hidrogeología, Aguas Subterráneas, Chile, Quillón