Prevalencia de hipoacusia en niños de 2 a 5 años en la comuna Casablanca
Loading...
Date
2009
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
item.page.dc.rights
item.page.dc.rights
Abstract
La hipoacusia es el defecto sensorial más común en el ser humano, afectando la
normal comunicación e interacción social. En los niños impide un buen desarrollo del lenguaje y
perjudica el proceso de aprendizaje, por esto es importante detectarla y tratarla precozmente.
En Chile existe un programa de detección precoz de la hipoacusia para prematuros de
alto riesgo y otro programa de la Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas para escolares de
Enseñanza Básica; quedando fuera de los programas de pesquisa de hipoacusia un fragmento de
la población hasta los 5 años de edad.
Por esta razón se decidió determinar la prevalencia de hipoacusia en una población de
251 niños entre 2 y 5 años de edad, pertenecientes a la comuna de Casablanca, se caracterizó la
población según audición, género, edad y presencia de factores de riesgos.
Para llevar a cabo este estudio descriptivo, se realizó un tamizado audiométrico y/o
con equipo de otoemisiones transientes (OEAT). Los niños que no pasaron el tamizado fueron
sometidos a una impedanciometría y a una audiometría clínica con el fin de determinar el grado y
tipo de hipoacusia.
Hubo que referir a lavado de oídos al 15,1% de los niños por tapón de cerumen; la
tasa de referencia para el tamizado auditivo fue de 22,4% y la tasa de prevalencia de hipoacusia
fue de 16,5%. No se encontró hipoacusia sensorioneural, y se excluyó del estudio a aquellos
niños portadores de tapón de cerumen por problemas de oportunidad en el tiempo.
Hearing loss is the most common human sensorial deficiency and it affects the normal social communication and interaction. It restrains the normal speech development in children having a negative effect on the learning process, hence its importance in detecting and treating it prematurely. There is a program in Chile which detects hearing loss on high risk neonates and another one which belongs to the Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (National Board for School Aid and Scholarship Programs) for students of the first year of elementary schools, leaving a percentage of the population below the five years of age left out of the research of both programs. For this reason it has been chosen to determine the incidence of hearing loss within the population of 251 children between the range of 2 and 5 years old who belong to the Casablanca area, where the types and magnitudes of hearing loss will be classified according to gender, age and the presence of risk factors at birth. To carry out this descriptive research an audiometric or transient otoacoustic emissions screening was performed. Those children who did not pass the screening were reffered to a clinical impedantiometry and audiometry in order to determine the type and degree of the hearing loss. A 15,1% of the children needed ear wash due to cerumen; the reference rate for the audiological screening was of a 22,4% and the hearing loss prevalence rate was of 16,5%. No sensorineural hearing loss was founded and children carrying the cerumen plugs were excluded from research due to time opportunity issues.
Hearing loss is the most common human sensorial deficiency and it affects the normal social communication and interaction. It restrains the normal speech development in children having a negative effect on the learning process, hence its importance in detecting and treating it prematurely. There is a program in Chile which detects hearing loss on high risk neonates and another one which belongs to the Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (National Board for School Aid and Scholarship Programs) for students of the first year of elementary schools, leaving a percentage of the population below the five years of age left out of the research of both programs. For this reason it has been chosen to determine the incidence of hearing loss within the population of 251 children between the range of 2 and 5 years old who belong to the Casablanca area, where the types and magnitudes of hearing loss will be classified according to gender, age and the presence of risk factors at birth. To carry out this descriptive research an audiometric or transient otoacoustic emissions screening was performed. Those children who did not pass the screening were reffered to a clinical impedantiometry and audiometry in order to determine the type and degree of the hearing loss. A 15,1% of the children needed ear wash due to cerumen; the reference rate for the audiological screening was of a 22,4% and the hearing loss prevalence rate was of 16,5%. No sensorineural hearing loss was founded and children carrying the cerumen plugs were excluded from research due to time opportunity issues.
item.page.dc.description
Tesis (Tecnólogo Médico, especialidad en Otorrinolaringología)
Keywords
Hipoacusia en niños, Tamizado auditivo, Prevalencia de hipoacusia, Chile