Incorporación del concepto troglodita en la ciudad de Constitución, Región del Maule, Chile.
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Fecha
2013
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
RESUMEN: La presente tesis investiga y evalúa la incorporación de la vivienda troglodita,
como solución ecoeficiente, frente al problema de la escasez de suelo que
presenta la cuidad de Constitución en Chile.
Permitiendo el intercambio de calor entre el suelo y la atmosfera mediante el
proceso denominado “balance energético de la tierra” y utilizando el concepto de
“PAHS” para medir la capacidad, como material, aislante por sobre otros
elementos artificiales usados actualmente, permitiendo la generación de
microclimas al interior de la vivienda.
Mediante el análisis de los diferentes casos de estudios, se aplican las soluciones
obtenidas al caso de estudio para generar un procedimiento de trabajo a utilizar en
el diseño de la vivienda en función de las características naturales del lugar,
considerando factores demográficos y socioeconómicos.
Los resultados obtenidos abarcan tres áreas de evaluación; primero respecto a la
normativa chilena Nch853.Of91 y OGUC, artículo 4.1.10. El segundo método de
medición se aplica en función de las temperaturas medias, máximas y mínimas
mensuales aplicando un factor de corrección de 2°C por metro de profundidad,
evaluando el confort higrotérmico mediante el uso del climograma.
El tercer método de medición se basa en el cálculo y comparación de la factura
eléctrica del hogar promedio frente al uso de la vivienda troglodita, para la región,
y en función de este valor medir el mix energético para el cálculo de emisiones de
.
Los resultados muestran una disminución de costos en la factura eléctrica y
emisiones de , según el diseño empleado considerando las características
geográficas a 2 metros de profundidad. Incorporando la vivienda en un foco de
extensión urbano como opción frente a la escasez de suelo que presenta el casco
histórico consolidado.
ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates and evaluates the incorporation of troglodyte housing as eco-efficient solution to the problem of the shortage of land that presents the city of Constitution in Chile. Allowing heat exchange between the soil and the atmosphere through a process called "energy balance of the earth" and using the concept of "PAHS" to measure the ability, as a material, insulation over other artificial elements currently used, allowing the generation microclimates within the housing. By analyzing the different case studies, the solutions obtained to the case study and generate a working procedure to be used in the design of housing depending on the natural features of the place are applied, considering socioeconomic and demographic factors. The results cover three areas of evaluation: first Chilean regulations regarding OGUC Nch853.Of91 and Article 4.1.10. The second measurement method is applied depending on the average maximum and minimum monthly temperatures by applying a correction factor of 2 ° C per meter of depth, evaluating the hygrothermal comfort using the climograma. The third method of measurement is based on the calculation and comparison of the average household electricity bill over the use of the cave dwelling, for the region, and depending on this value measure energy mix for calculating emissions. The results show a decrease in costs on electricity bills and emissions, according to the design used on the geographical characteristics to 2 meters deep. Housing incorporating a focus of urban extension as compared to the shortage of land that presents a consolidated historic choice.
ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates and evaluates the incorporation of troglodyte housing as eco-efficient solution to the problem of the shortage of land that presents the city of Constitution in Chile. Allowing heat exchange between the soil and the atmosphere through a process called "energy balance of the earth" and using the concept of "PAHS" to measure the ability, as a material, insulation over other artificial elements currently used, allowing the generation microclimates within the housing. By analyzing the different case studies, the solutions obtained to the case study and generate a working procedure to be used in the design of housing depending on the natural features of the place are applied, considering socioeconomic and demographic factors. The results cover three areas of evaluation: first Chilean regulations regarding OGUC Nch853.Of91 and Article 4.1.10. The second measurement method is applied depending on the average maximum and minimum monthly temperatures by applying a correction factor of 2 ° C per meter of depth, evaluating the hygrothermal comfort using the climograma. The third method of measurement is based on the calculation and comparison of the average household electricity bill over the use of the cave dwelling, for the region, and depending on this value measure energy mix for calculating emissions. The results show a decrease in costs on electricity bills and emissions, according to the design used on the geographical characteristics to 2 meters deep. Housing incorporating a focus of urban extension as compared to the shortage of land that presents a consolidated historic choice.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Construcción - Conservación de la Energía., Viviendas - Chile., FULL