Efecto de los estabilizadores en las propiedades físicas del adobe : adobes utilizados para la reconstrucción.
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Fecha
2014
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
RESUMEN: En esta Investigación se evaluó el efecto de aditivos en las propiedades físicas del
adobe compactado elaborado con suelo de tipo Vertiso. El experimento se desarrolló en
dos fases. En la primera se adicionó cemento, emulsión asfáltica y un polímero acrílico
(SIKA 1 – impermeabilizante para morteros y hormigones) en distintos porcentajes en
relación a la masa seca del suelo utilizado, y con ellos se evaluó la flexión,
compactación y absorción de los bloques. En la segunda fase se utilizaron los mismos
aditivos y en misma relación de porcentaje para evaluar en impermeabilidad y absorción
un mortero de pega que sirviera como revestimiento para el bloque de adobe; los
cuales luego fueron evaluados sus costos de producción y la tonalidad final que
adquieren los bloques. Los resultados obtenidos en la primera fase muestran un
incremento en las propiedades mecánicas en flexión a medida que el porcentaje de
aditivo va aumentando, donde el cemento mostró mejores cualidades llegando hasta el
605% de incremento en el máximo porcentaje de adición en mezcla, la emulsión
asfáltica y el polímero acrílico, en menor escala pero de igual manera aumenta la
capacidad del adobe.
La absorción producida por el adobe es alta comparada con los demás materiales de
construcción de similares características, sus poros libres se saturan con gran cantidad
de agua provocando una desintegración del material, la adición de aditivos resulta
eminente para opacar esta característica, con el cemento se logra hasta el punto
máximo que puede llegar un bloque de mortero, disminuyendo hasta en un 14% con su
mayor porcentaje de adición, la adición de los polímeros (emulsión asfáltica y polímero
acrílico) muestra una gran servidumbre a favor del adobe, un bajo porcentaje de este
puede lograr resultado parecidos al máximo provocado por el cemento, disminuyendo
hasta en un 8% solo con la suma de un 2% de aditivo (en relación con la masa del
adobe). La fase II está orientada al mortero y estuco de pega apto para el adobe, con
los mismos aditivos mencionados, estos fueron sometidos a pruebas de adherencia y
absorción, la absorción presenta similares características que el bloque de adobe, no
obstante, la adherencia es baja en comparación con un mortero de pega convencional
pero importante ya que otro material a base de cemento no se adhiere al suelo sin la
necesidad de un soporte extra.
ABSTRACT: In this research the effect of additives on the physical properties of compacted soil made with adobe Vertiso type was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in two phases. The first cement , asphalt emulsion and an acrylic polymer ( SIKA 1 - waterproofing and mortar ) is added in different proportions in relation to the dry mass of soil is used, and with them the flexural compaction and absorption of the blocks was evaluated . In the second phase the same additives and same percentage ratio were used to assess the impermeability and uptake mortar paste to serve as coating for block adobe , which were then evaluated their costs of production and the final shade that acquire blocks . The results obtained in the first stage show an increase in mechanical properties in bending as the percentage of additive increases, where the best qualities showed cement reaching the 605 % increase in the maximum rate of addition at mixing, the emulsion asphalt and acrylic polymer on a smaller scale but equally increases the ability of adobe. The absorption produced by the adobe is high compared to other building materials with similar characteristics , their free pores are saturated with large amounts of water leading to a disintegration of the material , the addition of additives is eminent to obscure this feature, with cement achieved to the maximum extent that it can get a block of mortar , decreasing to 14% with the highest percentage of addition, the addition of polymers ( asphalt emulsion and acrylic polymer) shows great servitude in favor of adobe, a low percentage this result can be achieved similar to the peak caused by the cement , reducing by up to 8 % with the addition of only 2% of the additive (relative to the mass of mud ) . Phase II is aimed at mortar and stucco paste suitable for adobe, with the same additives mentioned , they were tested for adhesion and absorption , absorption has similar characteristics as the adobe block , however , adherence is low compared to conventional mortar paste but important as other cement -based material does not adhere to the ground without the need for extra support .
ABSTRACT: In this research the effect of additives on the physical properties of compacted soil made with adobe Vertiso type was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in two phases. The first cement , asphalt emulsion and an acrylic polymer ( SIKA 1 - waterproofing and mortar ) is added in different proportions in relation to the dry mass of soil is used, and with them the flexural compaction and absorption of the blocks was evaluated . In the second phase the same additives and same percentage ratio were used to assess the impermeability and uptake mortar paste to serve as coating for block adobe , which were then evaluated their costs of production and the final shade that acquire blocks . The results obtained in the first stage show an increase in mechanical properties in bending as the percentage of additive increases, where the best qualities showed cement reaching the 605 % increase in the maximum rate of addition at mixing, the emulsion asphalt and acrylic polymer on a smaller scale but equally increases the ability of adobe. The absorption produced by the adobe is high compared to other building materials with similar characteristics , their free pores are saturated with large amounts of water leading to a disintegration of the material , the addition of additives is eminent to obscure this feature, with cement achieved to the maximum extent that it can get a block of mortar , decreasing to 14% with the highest percentage of addition, the addition of polymers ( asphalt emulsion and acrylic polymer) shows great servitude in favor of adobe, a low percentage this result can be achieved similar to the peak caused by the cement , reducing by up to 8 % with the addition of only 2% of the additive (relative to the mass of mud ) . Phase II is aimed at mortar and stucco paste suitable for adobe, with the same additives mentioned , they were tested for adhesion and absorption , absorption has similar characteristics as the adobe block , however , adherence is low compared to conventional mortar paste but important as other cement -based material does not adhere to the ground without the need for extra support .
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Construcciones de Adobe -- Pruebas., Morteros -- Aditivos., Revestimientos.