Evaluación del riesgo a la contaminación de los acuíferos en los shac's de Quiapo, Lebu, Nahuelbuta y Tavoleo, Región del Biobío, Chile
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Fecha
2023
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Según un estudio realizado por (Parra, 2023), en
el año 2022 había 32.000 personas en la región
del Biobío que se abastecían de agua mediante
camiones aljibes. Por otro lado, (Pizarro, 2019)
menciona que el cambio climático ha afectado
la oferta hídrica a nivel nacional. Por esto la
importancia de evitar una contaminación de los
acuíferos.
El objetivo principal de esta memoria de título,
es evaluar el riesgo de contaminación de las
aguas subterráneas de la zona, mediante la
metodología de Foster e Hirata (1991), logrando
de esta manera establecer las zonas con mayor
riesgo a la contaminación de los acuíferos y
aportar información para la mitigación de la
crisis hídrica.
El área de estudio está ubicada en la región del
Biobío y comprende 4 sectores hidrológicos de
aprovechamiento común, incluyendo dentro de
estos a las comunas de Arauco, Nacimiento,
Curanilahue y Lebu.
Para cumplir el objetivo de este estudio fue
necesario realizar una estimación de la
vulnerabilidad mediante dos métodos: DRASTIC
(Aller et al., 1987) y GODS (S. S. D. Foster, 1987),
para luego obtener la peligrosidad a la
contaminación.
Finalmente, luego de aplicar las metodologías
se obtuvo que según DRASTIC la zona presenta
una vulnerabilidad insignificante cercana al
50%, moderada 16% y muy alta del 4% con
respecto al área de estudio. Con respecto al
riesgo a la contaminación, presenta un 60% con
riesgo bajo, 37% con riesgo medio y 2% con
riesgo alto.
According to a study carried out by (Parra, 2023), in 2022 there were 32,000 people in the Biobío region who were supplied with water through cistern trucks. On the other hand, (Pizarro, 2019) mentions that climate change has affected water offer at the national level. This is why it is important to avoid contamination of aquifers. The main objective of this title report is to evaluate the risk of contamination of groundwater in the area, using the methodology of Foster and Hirata (1991), thus establishing the areas with the greatest risk of contamination of aquifers and provide information to mitigate the water crisis. The study area is located in the Biobío region and includes 4 hydrological sectors of common use, including within these the communes of Arauco, Nacimiento, Curanilahue and Lebu. The main objective of this title report is to evaluate the risk of contamination of groundwater in the area, using the methodology of Foster and Hirata (1991) and to obtain the areas with the highest risk. To meet the objective of this study, it was necessary to estimate the vulnerability using two methods: DRASTIC (Aller et al., 1987) and GODS (S. S. D. Foster, 1987), to then obtain the contamination hazard. Finally, after applying the methodologies, it was obtained that according to DRASTIC the area presents an insignificant vulnerability of close to 50%, a moderate vulnerability of 16% and a very high vulnerability of 4% with respect to the study area. Regarding the risk of contamination, 60% have low risk, 37% have medium risk and 2% have high risk.
According to a study carried out by (Parra, 2023), in 2022 there were 32,000 people in the Biobío region who were supplied with water through cistern trucks. On the other hand, (Pizarro, 2019) mentions that climate change has affected water offer at the national level. This is why it is important to avoid contamination of aquifers. The main objective of this title report is to evaluate the risk of contamination of groundwater in the area, using the methodology of Foster and Hirata (1991), thus establishing the areas with the greatest risk of contamination of aquifers and provide information to mitigate the water crisis. The study area is located in the Biobío region and includes 4 hydrological sectors of common use, including within these the communes of Arauco, Nacimiento, Curanilahue and Lebu. The main objective of this title report is to evaluate the risk of contamination of groundwater in the area, using the methodology of Foster and Hirata (1991) and to obtain the areas with the highest risk. To meet the objective of this study, it was necessary to estimate the vulnerability using two methods: DRASTIC (Aller et al., 1987) and GODS (S. S. D. Foster, 1987), to then obtain the contamination hazard. Finally, after applying the methodologies, it was obtained that according to DRASTIC the area presents an insignificant vulnerability of close to 50%, a moderate vulnerability of 16% and a very high vulnerability of 4% with respect to the study area. Regarding the risk of contamination, 60% have low risk, 37% have medium risk and 2% have high risk.
Notas
Memoria (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Contaminación de Aguas Subterráneas, Evaluación, Acuíferos, Chile, Lebu