Uso de anticonceptivos orales y su efecto sobre la calidad del film lagrimal
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Archivos
Fecha
2022
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Antecedentes. En el segmento anterior del globo ocular, existe una fina capa
conocida como film lagrimal, de aspecto líquido y transparente que recubre córnea y
conjuntiva, y es secretada por la porción secretora del aparato lagrimal. Cuando la película
lagrimal es inestable o existe una baja secreción lagrimal, puede generar molestias en la
estructura visual como sequedad ocular u ojo seco. Existen diversos factores de riesgo del
ojo seco, como el uso de hormonas en los anticonceptivos orales, por su composición de
estrógenos y progestágenos, los cuales generan diversas interacciones en el cuerpo al
cumplir su rol principal en el control de natalidad, pero también provocan efectos
secundarios y a nivel ocular, específicamente alteran la película lagrimal. Objetivos
/Hipótesis: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las alteraciones que se producen en el
film lagrimal debido al uso de anticonceptivos orales combinados (ACO) y para esto, se
han propuesto cuatro objetivos específicos; Establecer la incidencia de ojo seco en mujeres
que utilizan ACO, relacionar tiempo de uso de los ACO con las alteraciones del film
lagrimal, identificar la(s) capa(s) del film lagrimal que se alteran por el uso de ACO y
determinar cuál ACO afecta más la calidad del film lagrimal. ACO o anticonceptivo oral de
progestágeno solo. Con el propósito final de concluir si el uso de estos anticonceptivos
afecta o no la calidad del film lagrimal. Método: Esta investigación es de tipo no
experimenta, se desarrolló en base a una búsqueda de revisión sistemática de tipo
cualitativa donde se recopilaron estudios, revistas y artículos científicos que fueron
seleccionados conforme al objetivo de nuestra investigación. Resultados y conclusiones:
Se comprobó en el 90% de los estudios que si existe alteración lagrimal con una incidencia
de ojo seco en más del 50% de la población estudiada usuaria de anticonceptivo. La mayor
alteración se demostró en el examen BUT por lo que se infiere que el daño es de calidad
lagrimal. Nuestra hipótesis es aceptada, ya que, el uso de anticonceptivos orales
combinados afecta la capa lipídica de la lagrima, alterando la calidad del film lagrimal.
Background: In the anterior segment of the eyeball, there is a thin layer with a liquid and transparent appearance that recovers the cornea and the conjunctiva. Said layer is known as the tear film and is secreted by the secretory portion of the lacrimal apparatus. When the tear film is unstable or there is low tear secretion, it can cause discomfort in the visual structure such as ocular sequelae or dry eye. It is important to take into account that there are various risk factors for dry eye, including the use of hormones such as the use of oral contraceptives, due to their composition of estrogens and progestogens, which generate various interactions in the body by fulfilling their main role in birth control, but they also cause side effects and at the ocular level, they specifically alter the tear film. Objectives/Hypothesis: The objective of this study is to determine the alterations that occur in the tear film due to the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and for this, four specific objectives have been proposed; To establish the incidence of dry eye in women who use COCs, relate time of use of COCs with changes in the tear film, identify the layer(s) of the tear film that are altered by the use of COCs and determine which COCs It affects the quality of the tear film more. COC or progestin-only oral contraceptive. With the final purpose of concluding if the use of these contraceptives affects or not the quality of the tear film. Method: This research is of a non-experimental type, it was developed based on a qualitative systematic review search where studies, journals and scientific articles were collected and selected according to the objective of our research. Results and conclusions: It was verified in 90% of the studies that there are tear ducts with an incidence of dry eye in more than 50% of the studied population that uses contraceptives. The greatest appearance was made in the BUT exam, so it can be inferred that the damage is tear quality. Our hypothesis is accepted, since the use of combined oral contraceptives affects the lipid layer of the tear, altering the quality of the tear film.
Background: In the anterior segment of the eyeball, there is a thin layer with a liquid and transparent appearance that recovers the cornea and the conjunctiva. Said layer is known as the tear film and is secreted by the secretory portion of the lacrimal apparatus. When the tear film is unstable or there is low tear secretion, it can cause discomfort in the visual structure such as ocular sequelae or dry eye. It is important to take into account that there are various risk factors for dry eye, including the use of hormones such as the use of oral contraceptives, due to their composition of estrogens and progestogens, which generate various interactions in the body by fulfilling their main role in birth control, but they also cause side effects and at the ocular level, they specifically alter the tear film. Objectives/Hypothesis: The objective of this study is to determine the alterations that occur in the tear film due to the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and for this, four specific objectives have been proposed; To establish the incidence of dry eye in women who use COCs, relate time of use of COCs with changes in the tear film, identify the layer(s) of the tear film that are altered by the use of COCs and determine which COCs It affects the quality of the tear film more. COC or progestin-only oral contraceptive. With the final purpose of concluding if the use of these contraceptives affects or not the quality of the tear film. Method: This research is of a non-experimental type, it was developed based on a qualitative systematic review search where studies, journals and scientific articles were collected and selected according to the objective of our research. Results and conclusions: It was verified in 90% of the studies that there are tear ducts with an incidence of dry eye in more than 50% of the studied population that uses contraceptives. The greatest appearance was made in the BUT exam, so it can be inferred that the damage is tear quality. Our hypothesis is accepted, since the use of combined oral contraceptives affects the lipid layer of the tear, altering the quality of the tear film.
Notas
Proyecto Seminario de Investigación (Tecnólogo Médico)
Palabras clave
Anticonceptivos Orales, Efectos Adversos