Efectividad de tratamientos periodontales en pacientes atendidos en clínica odontológica de la Universidad Andrés Bello, 2012-2014
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Fecha
2015
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Antecedentes:
La enfermedad periodontal es una patología multifactorial de alta
prevalencia que produce la destrucción de los tejidos de soporte de las piezas
dentales.
En Chile existe conocimiento sobre la importancia de la realización del
tratamiento periodontal y terapia de mantención para mejorar el pronóstico de
los tratamientos rehabilitadores y reducir el riesgo de pacientes desdentados a
temprana edad, sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre la efectividad de
estos.
Justificación:
Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento periodontal se fundamenta en la
necesidad de un mejor pronóstico de la salud periodontal que se puede logra
con los pacientes que son tratados en clínica odontológica de la Universidad
Andrés Bello.
Constituye un aspecto importante para la salud integral del paciente y
también para la docencia en la clínica de pre-grado, determinando de esta
manera si los estudiantes logran la salud periodontal en sus pacientes, y
conseguir con ello un mejor pronóstico en los tratamientos rehabilitadores.
Objetivo:
Se planteó como objetivo el determinar la efectividad de los tratamientos
periodontales efectuados en pacientes atendidos en la Clínica Odontológica de
la Universidad Andrés Bello sede Concepción.
Materiales y Métodos:
La presente investigación es un estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, cuyo
diseño observacional no experimental, retrospectivo y analítico.
La muestra evaluada fue de no probabilística intencionada de 26 pacientes
que fueron atendidos por enfermedad periodontal en la clínica odontológica de
la Universidad Andrés Bello sede Concepción, durante los años 2012 y 2014, los
cuales fueron seleccionados de acuerdo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión y que
consintieron informadamente participar en la investigación, a los estos se les
realizó una revisión de sus antecedentes a través de su ficha odontológica y
también se les realizo una evaluación clínica (Periodontograma, Índice Gingival
e Índice de Higiene) para determinar el estado de periodontal actual, el cual, se
comparó con el estado periodontal al momento del ingreso a tratamiento
periodontal realizado por estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad Andrés
Bello sede Concepción, para conocer la efectividad de éste. Luego, a través del
diagrama funcional propuesto por Lang y Tonetti, 2003., se determinó el riesgo
de que estos pacientes vuelvan a desarrollar enfermedad periodontal. Los
análisis estadísticos fueron analizados con el software estadístico SPSS 22. Se
evaluó la normalidad de las variables y de acuerdo a la presencia o no de esta
se aplico un test t de student. Para caracterizar las relaciones encontradas se
realizaron test de Chi2 entre algunas variables explicativas y variables
dependientes.
Resultados Obtenidos:
Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio indican que un 26.9% de los
pacientes examinados lograron mantener el estado de salud periodontal
obtenido posterior al tratamiento periodontal realizado por los estudiantes de
pregrado de la Universidad Andrés Bello. Se determinó que los pacientes más
jóvenes presentan mejor diagnostico periodontal al momento de la evaluación
clínica, además se encontró que los pacientes presentaron un promedio de 0.61 en el índice de salud gingival, el cual determina un mejor estado de salud gingival
en comparación al promedio al momento del ingreso del paciente, el cual fue de
1.44, mientras que en relación al índice de higiene se presento una leve mejoría
al disminuir de un valor de 76.36% a un 57.91% de las superficies teñidas del
total de dientes totales.
Conclusiones:
El estudio determinó que existe efectividad clínica en el tratamiento
periodontal realizado en la clínica odontológica de la Universidad Andrés Bello,
presentado una disminución en cuanto a severidad y extensión de la enfermedad
periodontal de los pacientes examinados, sin embargo, está no es
estadísticamente significativa, debido a que los pacientes no logran mantener en
el tiempo el estado periodontal obtenido posterior al tratamiento realizado, lo cual
se asocia al bajo porcentaje de pacientes que son controlados a través de la
terapia de mantención periodontal.
Background: The periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease with high prevalence that causes destruction of the supportive tissues of teeth. In Chile, there is understandanding about the importance of periodontal treatment and maintenance therapy to improve the rehabilitation treatment prognosis or reduced risk of toothless patients; however, there are only few studies about the effectiveness of these. Justification: The evaluation of the effectiveness of periodontal treatment is based on the need for a better prognosis of periodontal health can be achieved with patients treated in dental clinic of the University Andres Bello. It is an important integral health of the patient and also for teaching at the undergraduate clinic, thereby determining whether students achieve periodontal health in patients, and thereby achieve a better prognosis for rehabilitation treatment aspect. Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of periodontal treatment performed at the Dental Clinic of the University Andres Bello located Conception. Materials and Methods: The research is a study whose design is not experimental, observational, retrospective and analytical quantitative approach. The sample is not probabilistic which was formed by 26 patients who were treated for periodontal disease in the dental clinic of the Universidad Andres Bello Concepción, between the years 2012 and 2014, which were selected according to criteria of inclusion and exclusion they agreed an informed part in the investigation, which underwent a review of its history through its dental record and will also perform a clinical evaluation (Periodontal, Gingival Index and Index of Hygiene) to determine the status of periodontal current which, he compared with periodontal status at entry to periodontal treatment performed by dental students at the Universidad Andres Bello in Concepción to determine the effectiveness of it. Then, through the functional diagram proposed by Lang and Tonetti, 2003, the risk that these patients return to develop periodontal disease was determined. Obtained Results: The results obtained in this study indicates that 26.9% of the patients examined were able to maintain the state of periodontal health obtained after the periodontal treatment by undergraduates at the University Andres Bello. They found that younger patients have better periodontal diagnosis when clinical evaluation also found that patients had an average of 0.61 in the gingival health index, which determines a better gingival health status compared to the average patient admission, which was 1.44, while in relation to hygiene index a slight improvement was presented by decreasing a value of 76.36% to 57.91% of the stained surfaces of all teeth total. Conclusions: The study determined that there is clinical effectiveness in the periodontal treatment performed in the dental clinic of the University Andres Bello, presented a decrease in severity and extent of periodontal disease patients examined, however, is not statistically significant, because to patients fail to maintain over time the periodontal state obtained after the periodontal treatment, which is associated with the low percentage of patients are controlled through periodontal maintenance therapy.
Background: The periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease with high prevalence that causes destruction of the supportive tissues of teeth. In Chile, there is understandanding about the importance of periodontal treatment and maintenance therapy to improve the rehabilitation treatment prognosis or reduced risk of toothless patients; however, there are only few studies about the effectiveness of these. Justification: The evaluation of the effectiveness of periodontal treatment is based on the need for a better prognosis of periodontal health can be achieved with patients treated in dental clinic of the University Andres Bello. It is an important integral health of the patient and also for teaching at the undergraduate clinic, thereby determining whether students achieve periodontal health in patients, and thereby achieve a better prognosis for rehabilitation treatment aspect. Purpose: Evaluate the effectiveness of periodontal treatment performed at the Dental Clinic of the University Andres Bello located Conception. Materials and Methods: The research is a study whose design is not experimental, observational, retrospective and analytical quantitative approach. The sample is not probabilistic which was formed by 26 patients who were treated for periodontal disease in the dental clinic of the Universidad Andres Bello Concepción, between the years 2012 and 2014, which were selected according to criteria of inclusion and exclusion they agreed an informed part in the investigation, which underwent a review of its history through its dental record and will also perform a clinical evaluation (Periodontal, Gingival Index and Index of Hygiene) to determine the status of periodontal current which, he compared with periodontal status at entry to periodontal treatment performed by dental students at the Universidad Andres Bello in Concepción to determine the effectiveness of it. Then, through the functional diagram proposed by Lang and Tonetti, 2003, the risk that these patients return to develop periodontal disease was determined. Obtained Results: The results obtained in this study indicates that 26.9% of the patients examined were able to maintain the state of periodontal health obtained after the periodontal treatment by undergraduates at the University Andres Bello. They found that younger patients have better periodontal diagnosis when clinical evaluation also found that patients had an average of 0.61 in the gingival health index, which determines a better gingival health status compared to the average patient admission, which was 1.44, while in relation to hygiene index a slight improvement was presented by decreasing a value of 76.36% to 57.91% of the stained surfaces of all teeth total. Conclusions: The study determined that there is clinical effectiveness in the periodontal treatment performed in the dental clinic of the University Andres Bello, presented a decrease in severity and extent of periodontal disease patients examined, however, is not statistically significant, because to patients fail to maintain over time the periodontal state obtained after the periodontal treatment, which is associated with the low percentage of patients are controlled through periodontal maintenance therapy.
Notas
Tesis (Cirujano Dentista, Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Odontológicas)
Palabras clave
Enfermedad periodontal, Tratamiento Periodontal