Evaluación de agentes químicos para la prevención y control de Saprolegnia parasítica en salmónidos
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Fecha
2005
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En la Unidad Experimental AUSTRALIS, administrada por VETERQUIMICA Ltda. (Región Metropolitana, Chile), entre los meses de abril 2003 y mayo 2004, se evaluó la acción antifúngica de ocho productos, proporcionados por la empresa Veterquímica, contra la prevención y control de Saprolegnia parasítica. Los productos fueron evaluados a distintas dosis cada uno y enumerados del 1 al 8: (1) Formaldehído C1, (2) Formaldehído C2 + Polialcoholes, (3) Formaldehído C2 + Cloruro de benzalconio C1, (4) Formaldehído C2 + Cloruro de benzalconio 2C1, (5) Formaldehído C2 + Superquat, (6) Ácido glicólico C1 + Polialcoholes, (7) Ácido glicólico C1 + Cloruro de benzalconio 2C1 + Formaldehído C2, (8) Polialcoholes + Cloruro de benzalconio C1 + Formaldehído C1 (C1, C2, 2C1 representan las concentracines de cada compuesto).
Al iniciar esta experiencia se aisló una cepa pura del hongo Saprolegnia parasítica y se utilizó en las pruebas de concentración mínima inhibitoria.
Se realizaron pruebas de toxicidad y eficacia in vivo para lo cual se aclimataron peces Salmo salar de 10 a 50 g, obtenidos de la producción de la piscicultura Australis. Además se utilizaron controles y se comparó la efectividad con bronopol al 50%. Los tratamientos se aplicaron por medio de baños con flujo detenido a distintos tiempos y frecuencias según las diferentes etapas.
Los productos 1, 2, 3 y 8 a las dosis 14, 28, 35 y 43.75 ml / 70 lt de agua respectivamente resultaron ser los tratamientos eficaces sobre el control del crecimiento de Saprolegnia parasítica, tomando en cuenta los factores de: comportamiento, mortalidad, peso, categoría de micosis de los peces, antes y después del tratamiento realizado, saturación de oxígeno y temperatura del agua.
In the experimental unit for fishes (lab.), administered by Veterquímica (Metropolitan Region, Chile) during the months of April 2003 and May 2004, the antifungal activity of 8 products was evaluated namely their capacity to control infections due to fungi Saprolegnia parasítica. The 8 products were designed and provided by Veterquímica Ltd. The products were evaluated in different dosis and were numbered from 1 to 8 as follows: (1) Formaldehyde C1, (2) Formaldehyde C2 + Polyalcohols, (3) Formaldehyde C2 + Benzalconium Cloride C1, (4) Formaldehyde C2 + Benzalconium cloride 2C1, (5) Formaldehyde C2 + Superquat, (6) Glicolic Acid C1 + Polialcohols, (7) Glicolic Acid C1 + Benzalconium cloride 2C1 + Formaldehyde C2, (8) Sodium Formiate + Sodium Propionate (C1, C2, 2C1 represent the different concentrations of the products) At the begining of the project we isolate a pure strain of the fungi Saprolegnia parasítica in order to use it on the studies of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Test of toxicity and in vivo efficacy test were performed after the fishes Salmo salar (10-50 gr) were accustomed to the lab conditions. The fishes were gently donated by Australis, a smolt producing company at Peñaflor area. Controls without treatment were used and the products were compared to a known anti-fungal product namely Bronopol 50%. The treatments were applied by means of bath, with stop flow at diferent times and frecuencies acording to the different steps. The products 1, 2, 3 and 8 at the dosis 14, 28, 35, and 43.75 ml/70 lt of water respectively, turned out to be the best treatments for the growth control of Saprolegnia parasítica, taking into account behavioral factors, mortality, weight, category of fish micosis, before and after de applied treatment, oxigen saturation and water temperature.
In the experimental unit for fishes (lab.), administered by Veterquímica (Metropolitan Region, Chile) during the months of April 2003 and May 2004, the antifungal activity of 8 products was evaluated namely their capacity to control infections due to fungi Saprolegnia parasítica. The 8 products were designed and provided by Veterquímica Ltd. The products were evaluated in different dosis and were numbered from 1 to 8 as follows: (1) Formaldehyde C1, (2) Formaldehyde C2 + Polyalcohols, (3) Formaldehyde C2 + Benzalconium Cloride C1, (4) Formaldehyde C2 + Benzalconium cloride 2C1, (5) Formaldehyde C2 + Superquat, (6) Glicolic Acid C1 + Polialcohols, (7) Glicolic Acid C1 + Benzalconium cloride 2C1 + Formaldehyde C2, (8) Sodium Formiate + Sodium Propionate (C1, C2, 2C1 represent the different concentrations of the products) At the begining of the project we isolate a pure strain of the fungi Saprolegnia parasítica in order to use it on the studies of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Test of toxicity and in vivo efficacy test were performed after the fishes Salmo salar (10-50 gr) were accustomed to the lab conditions. The fishes were gently donated by Australis, a smolt producing company at Peñaflor area. Controls without treatment were used and the products were compared to a known anti-fungal product namely Bronopol 50%. The treatments were applied by means of bath, with stop flow at diferent times and frecuencies acording to the different steps. The products 1, 2, 3 and 8 at the dosis 14, 28, 35, and 43.75 ml/70 lt of water respectively, turned out to be the best treatments for the growth control of Saprolegnia parasítica, taking into account behavioral factors, mortality, weight, category of fish micosis, before and after de applied treatment, oxigen saturation and water temperature.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniería en Acuicultura)
Palabras clave
Salmón, Prevención y Control de Enfermedades, Saprolegnia parasítica, Chile