Una mirada reciente a la biotecnología en Chile: Transgénicos
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Fecha
2016
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La industria biotecnológica centra su trabajo en las áreas de investigación y desarrollo,
conducentes a incrementar su competitividad a nivel global. La biotecnología en Chile
ha logrado ser líder optimizando procesos como: la extracción del cobre mediante el
uso de microorganismos, el mejoramiento genético en plantas, permitiéndoles la
resistencia a ciertos patógenos e incrementando su productividad en plantaciones
forestales, a través de procesos de micropropagación.
Los cultivos transgénicos son un sector biotecnológico fuertemente potenciado, pues
se ha invertido en Chile más de US$16.000.000 en recursos públicos para financiar la
investigación y desarrollo de éstos. Los cultivos genéticamente modificados son
herramientas eficaces para aumentar sustancialmente la productividad, calidad y
sustentabilidad del medio ambiente en el cultivo agrícola. Además pueden contribuir a
la mejora del contenido nutricional de un alimento común, haciendo frente a las
necesidades de la salud pública. Sin embargo, la falta de conocimiento y de
regulaciones claras conduce a los agricultores a no utilizar estos cultivos y a que exista
una postura nacional contradictoria frente al tema.
En este estudio se pretende recopilar datos actualizados de la biotecnología en Chile y,
determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los alimentos transgénicos pertenecientes a la
industria de la biotecnología con respecto a los diferentes estratos socio-económicos
en Chile. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta dirigida a personas mayores de 25 años,
abarcando el tema de los alimentos transgénicos como el mejor ejemplo de un
producto biotecnológico conocido popularmente. A partir de los resultados se puede
inferir que existe una relación lineal inversamente proporcional entre las variables
dependiente e independiente exhibidas a lo largo del estudio. Por lo tanto, a medida
que disminuye el nivel socio-económico en la población, aumenta el desconocimiento
hacia los alimentos transgénicos.
The biotechnology industry focuses its work in the areas of research and development, aiming to increase competitiveness globally. Biotechnology in Chile has managed to become a leader optimizing processes such as: copper extraction by using microorganisms, genetic improvement in plants allowing them resistance to certain pathogens, and increasing productivity in forest plantations through micropropagation processes. Transgenic cultivation is a biotechnology sector that has been strongly enhanced, with Chile investing more than US$16.000.000 in public funds to finance its research and development. Genetically modified crops are effective in substantially increasing the productivity, quality and environmental sustainability in agricultura! farming tools. Moreover, they can contribute to improving the nutritional content of common foods, meeting the needs related to public health. However, lack of knowledge and clear regulation leads farmers to not use these crops and there is a contradictory stance nationally towards the subject. This study aims to determine the level of general knowledge possessed by different socio-economic strata of Chilean society regarding the biotechnology industry, particularly of transgenic foods, by collecting recent data of biotechnology in Chile. To accomplish this, a survey directed to adults of over 25 years was performed covering the topic of transgenic foods as the best popularly known example of a biotech product. From the results it can be inferred that there is an inversely proportional linear relationship between the variables displayed throughout the study. Therefore, with the decreasing of socio-economic status in the population, the ignorance towards the transgenic foods increases.
The biotechnology industry focuses its work in the areas of research and development, aiming to increase competitiveness globally. Biotechnology in Chile has managed to become a leader optimizing processes such as: copper extraction by using microorganisms, genetic improvement in plants allowing them resistance to certain pathogens, and increasing productivity in forest plantations through micropropagation processes. Transgenic cultivation is a biotechnology sector that has been strongly enhanced, with Chile investing more than US$16.000.000 in public funds to finance its research and development. Genetically modified crops are effective in substantially increasing the productivity, quality and environmental sustainability in agricultura! farming tools. Moreover, they can contribute to improving the nutritional content of common foods, meeting the needs related to public health. However, lack of knowledge and clear regulation leads farmers to not use these crops and there is a contradictory stance nationally towards the subject. This study aims to determine the level of general knowledge possessed by different socio-economic strata of Chilean society regarding the biotechnology industry, particularly of transgenic foods, by collecting recent data of biotechnology in Chile. To accomplish this, a survey directed to adults of over 25 years was performed covering the topic of transgenic foods as the best popularly known example of a biotech product. From the results it can be inferred that there is an inversely proportional linear relationship between the variables displayed throughout the study. Therefore, with the decreasing of socio-economic status in the population, the ignorance towards the transgenic foods increases.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Alimentos Transgénicos, Biotecnología, Organismos Genéticamente Modificados,, Encuesta, desconocimiento y percepción, Desconocimiento social, Chile