Propuesta de mejoramiento del sistema de inventario de baterías de ácido-plomo de la sociedad ODC
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Fecha
2019
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Profesor/a Guía
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El presente trabajo de tesis se centra en la gestión de sistemas de inventarios, un tema
complejo de la logística. El análisis se realiza sobre la empresa ODC, una empresa
nacional que se dedica a la comercialización de Baterías de ácido-plomo y UPS
(Uninterruptible Power System).
Durante los últimos años ODC ha tenido pérdidas constantes por obsolescencia, éstas
en el año 2018 en las baterías de ácido-plomo llegaron a representar el 15% de sus
unidades vendidas durante ese año. La empresa realiza dos compras anuales a juicio de
experto, su capital de trabajo representa el 47% del patrimonio, y su inventario promedio
representan el 80% de las ventas anuales. Al contrastar estos antecedentes nacen las
siguientes interrogantes: ¿Se puede mejorar?, ¿Qué procesos debe seguir para
perfeccionar esta gestión?, ¿Están evaluando económicamente su sistema de
inventario?, ¿Los procedimientos que poseen bastan para su manejo?
Para resolver estas preguntas, se analizaron las características de los productos y su
demanda, de manera que se pueda determinar un modelo de inventarios que se adecue
mejor a las necesidades de la empresa. Como resultado el modelo que se adecuaba es
EOQ (Economic order quantity) con faltante. Se determinó el costo del modelo para los
años 2014 al 2018, comparándolos con los costos del sistema utilizado por ODC.
Se demostró que la implementación del modelo puede rebajar el costo total del inventario
en un 2%, esto quiere decir un ahorro de 9 millones de pesos anuales. Las pérdidas por
obsolescencia se producen por un alto stock y por no llevar un registro del inventario por
lote de fabricación. Por lo que las recomendaciones entregadas se dirigen hacia la
aplicación del modelo propuesto, implementar el sistema FIFO (first-in, first-out) para los
egresos de inventarios y mejorar las instalaciones para aumentar la capacidad de
almacenaje por metro cuadrado.
This thesis is focused on management of inventory systems, a complex logistic issue. The analysis is based on ODC Company, a national company that trade lead-acid batteries and UPS (Uninterruptible Power System). During past years, ODC had constant losses due to obsolescence; representing about 15% in 2018 in their sold units of in lead-acid batteries during that year. The company made two annual purchases using the expert judgment method. Its working capital represents 47% of its assets and its average inventory represents 80% of annual sales. When both results are contrasted, the following questions arise: Can we improve?, what processes should be followed to improve this management ?, Are they economically evaluating the inventory system ?, have they enough procedures for their management? In order to solve these questions; the product characteristics and demand were analyzed, so that an inventory model fulfills the company needs can be determined and as a result, the EOQ model (Economic order quantity) with stockout missing is adapted. The model cost was considered from 2014 up to 2018, comparing them with system cost used by ODC. It was shown that the model implementation can reduce about 2% of the total inventory cost; this means a saving of 9 million pesos per year. Losses by obsolescence are caused by a high stock and because there is no an inventory register by manufacturing lot. Therefore; the recommendations delivered are directed to application of proposed model, implement the FIFO system (first-in, first-out) for inventory expenditures and improve facilities to increase storage capacity per square meter.
This thesis is focused on management of inventory systems, a complex logistic issue. The analysis is based on ODC Company, a national company that trade lead-acid batteries and UPS (Uninterruptible Power System). During past years, ODC had constant losses due to obsolescence; representing about 15% in 2018 in their sold units of in lead-acid batteries during that year. The company made two annual purchases using the expert judgment method. Its working capital represents 47% of its assets and its average inventory represents 80% of annual sales. When both results are contrasted, the following questions arise: Can we improve?, what processes should be followed to improve this management ?, Are they economically evaluating the inventory system ?, have they enough procedures for their management? In order to solve these questions; the product characteristics and demand were analyzed, so that an inventory model fulfills the company needs can be determined and as a result, the EOQ model (Economic order quantity) with stockout missing is adapted. The model cost was considered from 2014 up to 2018, comparing them with system cost used by ODC. It was shown that the model implementation can reduce about 2% of the total inventory cost; this means a saving of 9 million pesos per year. Losses by obsolescence are caused by a high stock and because there is no an inventory register by manufacturing lot. Therefore; the recommendations delivered are directed to application of proposed model, implement the FIFO system (first-in, first-out) for inventory expenditures and improve facilities to increase storage capacity per square meter.
Notas
Proyecto de Título (Ingeniero Civil Industrial)
Palabras clave
Gestión de sistemas de inventarios, Comercialización de baterías de ácido-plomo, Modelo de presupuesto, Mejora Contínua de Procesos, Almacenamiento, Chile