Efecto del género en los parámetros acústicos de la voz hablada y cantada en niños
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Fecha
2012
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
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Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Las diferencias de género en parámetros vocales de voces
tnfantiles han sido poco estudiadas. Existe menor literatura al respecto en
Hispanohablantes. Es sabido que antes de la muda vocal los niños tienen
voces poco diferenciables perceptualmente según el género. Sin embargo, se
ha reportado en estudios previos que sí es posible diferenciar la voz infantil
perceptualmente en emisiones de voz hablada. Se ha atribuido esta
diferenciación a parámetros acústicos como: frecuencia fundamental, valores
formánticos, parámetros de perturbación y distribución de la energía
espectral.
El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar los parámetros acústicos
mencionados de la voz hablada en pre-púberes; y conocer si existe diferencia
o no en estos parámetros según el género en una región hispanohablante.
Partíciparon 15 niños y 15 niñas entre 7 a 11 años de edad con voz
perceptualmente normal pertenecientes a Santiago de Chile. Todos fueron
sometidos a una Evaluación vocal clínica y a una grabación única de voz. En
ésta última se tes solicitó emitir de forma sostenida las vocales tal, 111 y /u/;
leer un texto y cantar. Los parámetros mencionados anteriormente fueron
analizados con el Software Praat.
La mayoría de los resultados mostraron una diferencia no significativa
entre voces infantiles pre-muda vocal. Sin embargo, existen diferencias
significativas según el género en los parámetros: F3 de /i/, en FO de /u/ y en
shimmer de /i/. Estos resultados confirman que las voces pre muda vocal no
son significativamente diferenciables y contrasta con estudios previos que
indican que existen diferencias de género en emisiones de voz hablada.
The differences of gender in vocal parameters in infants have not been widely studied. This lack of information is even more evident in Spanish literature. lt's well-known that before the voice change, their voices are slightly distinguished regarding gender. Nonetheless, previous researches have reported that it is possible to perceptually differentiate the gender in infant voices during speaking voice phonations. This differentiation has been attributed to acoustic parameters such as fundamental frequency, formant values, perturbation parameters, and distribution of spectral energy. The purpose of this study was to assess the previously mentioned acoustic parameters in pre-puber infants; as well as to determine whether there's any difference regarding gender in native Spanish speakers. Fifteen boys and fifteen girls from Santiago, Chile participated as subjects. The age range was 7-11 years old and all of them were pereeptually dragnosed with normal voice. Participant were perceptuaUy evaluated and recorded. They were asked to maintain the vowels; /a/, /i/, and /u/; reading a text and sing a song. Acoustic parameters were analyzed with Praat Software. Most of the results showed non-significant differences between genders. However, there were statistically significant differences for F3 in /i/, FO in /u/ and in shimmer in /i/. These results confirm the fact that voices are not clearly distinguishable before the voice change. Moreover, they are not in line with sorne earlier studies which indicate gender differences during speaking voice.
The differences of gender in vocal parameters in infants have not been widely studied. This lack of information is even more evident in Spanish literature. lt's well-known that before the voice change, their voices are slightly distinguished regarding gender. Nonetheless, previous researches have reported that it is possible to perceptually differentiate the gender in infant voices during speaking voice phonations. This differentiation has been attributed to acoustic parameters such as fundamental frequency, formant values, perturbation parameters, and distribution of spectral energy. The purpose of this study was to assess the previously mentioned acoustic parameters in pre-puber infants; as well as to determine whether there's any difference regarding gender in native Spanish speakers. Fifteen boys and fifteen girls from Santiago, Chile participated as subjects. The age range was 7-11 years old and all of them were pereeptually dragnosed with normal voice. Participant were perceptuaUy evaluated and recorded. They were asked to maintain the vowels; /a/, /i/, and /u/; reading a text and sing a song. Acoustic parameters were analyzed with Praat Software. Most of the results showed non-significant differences between genders. However, there were statistically significant differences for F3 in /i/, FO in /u/ and in shimmer in /i/. These results confirm the fact that voices are not clearly distinguishable before the voice change. Moreover, they are not in line with sorne earlier studies which indicate gender differences during speaking voice.
Notas
Tesis (Fonoaudiología)
Palabras clave
Voz, Fisiología, Análisis de la Voz en Niños