Proyecto de diseño técnico y económico de sistema de ventilación de Mina Trinidad, Lebu
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Archivos
Fecha
2020
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En el contexto de la pequeña minería de carbón, es necesario tener una buena ventilación,
debido a que cada vez que se hace un avance en este tipo de trabajo, es necesario
actualizar, ya que, el gas metano, es un gas que es necesario diluir con rapidez porque
al ser un gas inflamable, pone en riesgo la vida de todas las personas dentro del sector.
Los riesgos y peligros al ambiente laboral, creados en el interior de una mina subterránea,
por una mala ventilación son muchos, pasan de reducción en la capacidad
funcionamiento de los equipos, a graves enfermedades que imposibilitan realizar las
actividades laborales a las personas en exposición, para evitar esto, es muy importante
tener claro dos datos fundamentales para evaluar las condiciones de ventilación, en
primer lugar la cantidad de aire que hace ingreso a la mina, así como también la caída
de presión, otro aspecto es establecer las necesidades de caudal que indica la ley, ya
que a partir de ese resultado se determina la cantidad segura de aire, esta cifra es
respaldada por los cálculos hechos a base de los decretos supremos 594 de Higiene y
Seguridad del Ministerio de Salud y el 132 de Seguridad Minera del Ministerio de Minería.
Para poder llevar a cabo el estudio del caudal actual Mina Trinidad, fue necesario ver el
equipo que está encargado de velar por la ventilación, que es el compresor, dadas las
características de este equipo, llegamos a la conclusión que la cantidad de aire que
estrega a la mina es de 30,42 m3
/seg, cuyo dato es bastante menor comparado con el
obtenido mediante los requisitos óptimos dados por el Decreto Supremo 132 de
Seguridad Minera, con dicha ley el requisito es de 400 m3
/seg., de los cuales, el aire se
dividen para los trabajadores (1,8 m3
/seg.), para diluir los gases emanados por los
explosivos (0,7 m3
/seg.), al ser un mina de carbón se desprende gases como metano o
gases anhídridos carbónicos (1,55 m3
/seg.), para disminuir la temperatura de la faena
minera (328,58 m3
/seg.) y también para la emisión por producción (0,7 m3
/seg.). Por lo
tanto, es necesario actualizar la malla de ventilación. En la Mina Trinidad, usan como ventilación principal el compresor dicho equipo libera
aceite de motor, lo cual puede perjudicar más aún la vida de los trabajadores, por lo tanto,
es necesario cambiar el ventilador por uno mecánico, con ello se elimina las emisiones
de aceite de motor por parte del compresor.
In the context of small coal mining, it is necessary to have good ventilation, because every time progress is made in this type of work, it is necessary to update, since methane gas is a gas that is necessary dilute quickly because, being a flammable gas, it puts the lives of everyone in the sector at risk. The risks and dangers to the work environment, created inside an underground mine, due to poor ventilation are many, they go from a reduction in the ability to function of the equipment, to serious diseases that make it impossible to carry out work activities for people in exposure, To avoid this, it is very important to be clear about two fundamental data to evaluate the ventilation conditions, firstly the amount of air that enters the mine, as well as the pressure drop, another aspect is to establish the flow needs that The law indicates, since the safe amount of air is determined from this result, this figure is supported by the calculations made based on the supreme decrees 594 of Hygiene and Safety of the Ministry of Health and 132 of Mining Safety of the Ministry of Mining. In order to carry out the study of the current Trinidad Mine flow, it was necessary to see the equipment that is in charge of ensuring ventilation, which is the compressor, given the characteristics of this equipment, we came to the conclusion that the amount of air that drains to the mine is 30.42 m3 / sec, whose data is much lower compared to that obtained through the optimal requirements given by Supreme Decree 132 on Mining Safety, with said law the requirement is 400 m3 / sec., of the which, the air is divided for the workers (1.8 m3 / sec.), to dilute the gases emanating from the explosives (0.7 m3 / sec.), being a coal mine, gases such as methane or gases are released Carbonic anhydrides (1.55 m3 /sec.), to reduce the temperature of the mining site (328.58 m3 / sec.) and also for production emissions (0.7 m3 / sec.). Therefore, it is necessary to update the ventilation mesh.
In the context of small coal mining, it is necessary to have good ventilation, because every time progress is made in this type of work, it is necessary to update, since methane gas is a gas that is necessary dilute quickly because, being a flammable gas, it puts the lives of everyone in the sector at risk. The risks and dangers to the work environment, created inside an underground mine, due to poor ventilation are many, they go from a reduction in the ability to function of the equipment, to serious diseases that make it impossible to carry out work activities for people in exposure, To avoid this, it is very important to be clear about two fundamental data to evaluate the ventilation conditions, firstly the amount of air that enters the mine, as well as the pressure drop, another aspect is to establish the flow needs that The law indicates, since the safe amount of air is determined from this result, this figure is supported by the calculations made based on the supreme decrees 594 of Hygiene and Safety of the Ministry of Health and 132 of Mining Safety of the Ministry of Mining. In order to carry out the study of the current Trinidad Mine flow, it was necessary to see the equipment that is in charge of ensuring ventilation, which is the compressor, given the characteristics of this equipment, we came to the conclusion that the amount of air that drains to the mine is 30.42 m3 / sec, whose data is much lower compared to that obtained through the optimal requirements given by Supreme Decree 132 on Mining Safety, with said law the requirement is 400 m3 / sec., of the which, the air is divided for the workers (1.8 m3 / sec.), to dilute the gases emanating from the explosives (0.7 m3 / sec.), being a coal mine, gases such as methane or gases are released Carbonic anhydrides (1.55 m3 /sec.), to reduce the temperature of the mining site (328.58 m3 / sec.) and also for production emissions (0.7 m3 / sec.). Therefore, it is necessary to update the ventilation mesh.
Notas
Proyecto de Título (Ingeniero Civil en Minas)
Palabras clave
Ventilación de Minas, Diseño, Aspectos Económicos, Minas de Carbón, Chile, Lebu