Propuesta de modelo BIM para un edificio patrimonial usando UAV y fotogrametría : caso de estudio : Casa Hodgkinson
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Fecha
2019
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La documentación de un edificio patrimonial es necesaria para facilitar el
planeamiento de conservación de la estructura. El proceso para documentarlo utilizando
Metodología Tradicional (MT) toma mucho tiempo, la frecuencia de documentación es
baja y existe falta de información del patrimonio.
Este trabajo presenta una modificación a la MT para documentar la envolvente de
un edificio patrimonial en Chile. Para esto se identifican deficiencias del proceso de
documentación, con el fin de mejorarlo, complementando la MT de documentación con
una modelo BIM (Building Information Modeling) generado por fotogrametría utilizando
un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (UAV) para capturar la información del edificio.
Se realiza una detallada revisión de la literatura, para entender el proceso de
documentación de patrimonios en el mundo. Se hace una entrevista a profesional del
Consejo de Monumento Nacionales (CMN) y se participa en reuniones con encargados
de la Dirección de Arquitectura del Ministerio de Obras Públicas (MOP) más una detallada
revisión de información pública disponible en la web, para entender el funcionamiento de
la documentación de patrimonios en Chile y en el caso de estudio. Se escoge la “Casa
Hodgkinson” como caso de estudio, ubicada en Graneros, región de O’Higgins, para
poner a prueba lo investigado. Luego, se realiza el Modelo Fotogramétrico, que permite
sintetizar visualmente la información del edificio, para plasmarla en el Modelo BIM.
El Modelo BIM con NDI-2 (nivel de información 2), logra identificar la geometría, el
tipo de daño y el sistema estructural del edificio patrimonial. Esta información es validada
por medio de una encuesta a tres profesionales de la Dirección de Arquitectura del MOP.
Los resultados muestran que, el Modelo BIM con NDI-2 y la metodología propuesta son
bien recibidos, con un promedio de respuesta a su favor de 2.7 y de 2.9 respectivamente
en la escala Likert de 1 a 3 (1: en desacuerdo y 3: de acuerdo). El resultado es una
propuesta de metodología que complementa la MT de documentación con un Modelo
BIM con NDI-2, creado a partir de fotogrametría utilizando UAV, donde el tiempo del
proceso de documentación disminuye, permite facilitar el aumento de la frecuencia de
documentación y mejora la calidad de información del edificio patrimonial.
Documentation of a heritage building is necessary to facilitate the conservation planning of the facility. The current process using the Traditional Methodology (TM) takes a long time, therefore the frequency of documentation is low, and it provides incomplete information of the heritage building. This work presents a proposal to improve the TM to document the envelope of a heritage building in Chile. We identified deficiencies of the current documentation process, in order to address them. We propose to complement the TM of documentation with a Building Information Model (BIM) generated by photogrammetry using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to capture the building information. We performed a detailed literature review to understand the documentation process of heritage buildings in the world. Then, we did a detailed review of public information available online for Chilean heritage buildings; we interviewed a professional of the Chilean National Monument Council (NMC) and we met with professionals of the Architecture Division at the Public Works Ministry (PWM) to understand the documentation process of heritage buildings in Chile. The PWM gave us access to a case study: the "Hodgkinson House" which is located in Graneros, O'Higgins Region in Central Chile. We built a photogrammetric model from pictures taken using an UAV, which allowed us to visually synthesize the information of the building (both geometry and damage). From that model we built a BIM Model. The BIM model provides level 2 information (NDI-2, according to the Chilean BIM Standard) about the geometry, damage and the structural system of the heritage building. We validated our proposal and interviewed the PWM team. The results show that the NDI2 BIM model and the proposed methodology are valued by the PWM architects, with an average positive perception of 2.7 and 2.9 respectively on 1 to 3 Likert scale (1: disagree, and 3: agree). Our proposal is a methodology that complements the TM of documentation with a NDI-2 BIM model, built from a photogrammetric model using UAV. The resulting documentation process takes less time, so it can be done more frequently, and it improves the information quality of the heritage building.
Documentation of a heritage building is necessary to facilitate the conservation planning of the facility. The current process using the Traditional Methodology (TM) takes a long time, therefore the frequency of documentation is low, and it provides incomplete information of the heritage building. This work presents a proposal to improve the TM to document the envelope of a heritage building in Chile. We identified deficiencies of the current documentation process, in order to address them. We propose to complement the TM of documentation with a Building Information Model (BIM) generated by photogrammetry using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to capture the building information. We performed a detailed literature review to understand the documentation process of heritage buildings in the world. Then, we did a detailed review of public information available online for Chilean heritage buildings; we interviewed a professional of the Chilean National Monument Council (NMC) and we met with professionals of the Architecture Division at the Public Works Ministry (PWM) to understand the documentation process of heritage buildings in Chile. The PWM gave us access to a case study: the "Hodgkinson House" which is located in Graneros, O'Higgins Region in Central Chile. We built a photogrammetric model from pictures taken using an UAV, which allowed us to visually synthesize the information of the building (both geometry and damage). From that model we built a BIM Model. The BIM model provides level 2 information (NDI-2, according to the Chilean BIM Standard) about the geometry, damage and the structural system of the heritage building. We validated our proposal and interviewed the PWM team. The results show that the NDI2 BIM model and the proposed methodology are valued by the PWM architects, with an average positive perception of 2.7 and 2.9 respectively on 1 to 3 Likert scale (1: disagree, and 3: agree). Our proposal is a methodology that complements the TM of documentation with a NDI-2 BIM model, built from a photogrammetric model using UAV. The resulting documentation process takes less time, so it can be done more frequently, and it improves the information quality of the heritage building.
Notas
Tesis (ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Edificios Históricos, Diseños y Planos, Chile, Graneros, Modelado de Información de Construcción