Factores predictores de sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa en cuidadores familiares de personas con demencia en Chile
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Archivos
Fecha
2020
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Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Introducción: el envejecimiento poblacional en Chile ha traído como consecuencia una
transición demográfica y epidemiológica, esto ha repercutido en un aumento de las
enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y alteraciones cognitivas, como son las
demencias. Las demencias están presente a nivel mundial en alrededor de 35 millones
de personas, se estima que en Chile el 1,06% de la población tiene algún tipo de
demencia. La demencia conlleva una serie costos económicos y sociales los que
generalmente son asumidos por los cuidadores familiares. La asistencia constante que
deben brindar estos cuidadores repercute en su salud física y psicológica presentando
mayores niveles de sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa que el resto de la población.
Objetivo: determinar los factores predictores de sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa en
cuidadores familiares de personas con demencia en Chile. Metodología: estudio de
datos secundarios de tipo descriptivo correlacional de corte trasversal, con una población
de 140 diadas cuidador-persona con demencia. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo para
las variables sociodemográficas del cuidador y persona con demencia y posteriormente
una correlación entre las variables dependientes e independientes, mediante pruebas no
paramétricas (U de Mann-Whitney; Kruskal-Wallis, correlación de Spearman).
Resultados: el 82,1% de los cuidadores eran de sexo femenino, con una media de edad
de 57,2 años (DS 14,87 años), principalmente hijas/os con un 53,6%, el 33,6% con
educación media completa, 64,3% no recibía remuneración y el 47,9% vivía con un
ingreso mensual menor a $250.000 pesos. El 59,3% presentó sintomatología depresiva
y el 65% presentó sintomatología ansiosa. En relación a los factores predictores de
sintomatología depresiva se concluyó que el apoyo social y la sobrecarga del cuidador
eran responsables de predecir el 16,0% de la sintomatología, mientras que para la
variable sintomatología ansiosa, se comprobó que la sobrecarga del cuidador fue
responsable de predecir el 12,1% de la sintomatología. Conclusión: Enfermeria cumple
un rol fundamental en la prevención y provisión de cuidados a los cuidadores de personas
con demencia, es necesario establecer estrategias locales para poder ayudarlos a
realizar su labor.
Introduction: population aging in Chile has resulted in a demographic and epidemiological transition; this has resulted in an increase in non-communicable chronic diseases and cognitive alterations, such as dementias. Dementias are present worldwide in around 35 million people, it’s estimated that in Chile 1,06% of the population has some type of dementia. Dementia carries a series of economic and social costs, which are generally borne by family caregivers. The constant care that these caregivers must provide affects their physical and psychological health, presenting higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms than the rest of the population. Objective: to determine the predictive factors of depressive and anxious symptoms in family caregivers of people with dementia in Chile. Methodology: a cross-sectional, correlational descriptive secondary data study, with a population of 140 caregiver-person dyads with dementia. A descriptive analysis was performed for the sociodemographic variables of the caregiver and the person with dementia and subsequently a correlation between the dependent and independent variables, using non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U; Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation). Results: 82.1% of the caregivers were female, with a mean age of 57.2 years (SD 14.87 years), mainly children with 53.6%, 33.6% with complete secondary education, 64,3% did not receive remuneration and 47.9% lived with a monthly income of less than $ 250,000 pesos. 59.3% presented depressive symptoms and 65% presented anxious symptoms. In relation to the predictive factors of depressive symptoms, it was concluded that social support and caregiver overload were responsible for predicting 16.0% of the symptoms, while for the anxiety symptomatology variable, it was found that caregiver overload was responsible to predict 12.1% of the symptoms. Conclusion: Nursing plays a fundamental role in the prevention and provision of care to caregivers of people with dementia, it is necessary to establish local strategies to help them carry out their work.
Introduction: population aging in Chile has resulted in a demographic and epidemiological transition; this has resulted in an increase in non-communicable chronic diseases and cognitive alterations, such as dementias. Dementias are present worldwide in around 35 million people, it’s estimated that in Chile 1,06% of the population has some type of dementia. Dementia carries a series of economic and social costs, which are generally borne by family caregivers. The constant care that these caregivers must provide affects their physical and psychological health, presenting higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms than the rest of the population. Objective: to determine the predictive factors of depressive and anxious symptoms in family caregivers of people with dementia in Chile. Methodology: a cross-sectional, correlational descriptive secondary data study, with a population of 140 caregiver-person dyads with dementia. A descriptive analysis was performed for the sociodemographic variables of the caregiver and the person with dementia and subsequently a correlation between the dependent and independent variables, using non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U; Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation). Results: 82.1% of the caregivers were female, with a mean age of 57.2 years (SD 14.87 years), mainly children with 53.6%, 33.6% with complete secondary education, 64,3% did not receive remuneration and 47.9% lived with a monthly income of less than $ 250,000 pesos. 59.3% presented depressive symptoms and 65% presented anxious symptoms. In relation to the predictive factors of depressive symptoms, it was concluded that social support and caregiver overload were responsible for predicting 16.0% of the symptoms, while for the anxiety symptomatology variable, it was found that caregiver overload was responsible to predict 12.1% of the symptoms. Conclusion: Nursing plays a fundamental role in the prevention and provision of care to caregivers of people with dementia, it is necessary to establish local strategies to help them carry out their work.
Notas
Tesis (Doctor en Enfermería)
Palabras clave
Cuidadores Familiares, Investigaciones, Salud Mental, Chile