Características audiológicas en trabajadores de una fábrica textil de la ciudad de Santiago
Cargando...
Archivos
Fecha
2013
Autores
Silva Silva, Karin Angélica
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La medición de las características audiológicas que presentan los trabajadores
de una empresa textil de la ciudad de Santiago es del interés o motivación de la autora.
Para obtener tales características, fue necesario realizar un examen audiométrico en el
que se obtuvieron los umbrales auditivos de las frecuencias 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 y 8
KHz. a una muestra de 37 personas. Dicha muestra, luego, se dividió en dos grupos:
un grupo control compuesto por 9 personas, no expuestas a ruidos de alta intensidad y
un grupo estudio compuesto por 28 personas expuestas a ruidos iguales o superiores a
85 dB.(A). Los individuos del grupo de estudio, pertenecen a las áreas de corte,
embalaje y máquinas de coser de la empresa en estudio.
Se observó que el 64,3% de los trabajadores expuestos a ruidos de alta
intensidad presentaron audición normal, mientras que el 35,7% presentaron trauma
acústico, de los cuales el 80% se desempeñaba en el área de las máquinas de coser,
cuyo ruido promedio fue de 95 dB. (A) y el 20% restante, en corte con 90 dB. (A) de
ruido promedio. De los trabajadores que presentaron trauma acústico, el 78,9 % fue de
primer grado o inicial, mientras que el 21,1% de segundo grado o moderado. No se
encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la lateralidad del trauma
acústico, sin embargo, el oído derecho presentó mayor severidad en el daño en
comparación al oído izquierdo.
Al contrastar el grupo control con el subconjunto del grupo estudio que presentó
audición dentro de los rangos de normalidad, se observa una baja comparativa, lo que
refleja un posible riesgo auditivo. Luego, el grupo que presentó trauma acústico de
primer grado exhibió un escotoma en la frecuencia 4 KHz. mientras que el grupo con
trauma acústico de segundo grado, presentó un escotoma principalmente en la
frecuencia 6 KHz. que arrastra a las medias octavas adyacentes 4 y 8 KHz., sin afectar
a las frecuencias del habla.
The assessment of audiology features having by a group of textile workers in a factory is a topic of interest or motivation to the author. To get such features, is necessary to do an audiometric examination to obtain the audiometric thresholds in the following frequencies: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 y 8 KHz. This examination was applied to a population of 37 workers. Then, this set was divided in two groups: the first one, the control group, composed by 9 workers who was not exposed to high intensity noises and another group, the study group, composed by 28 workers, exposed to noise with an intensity equal or more than 85 dB.(A). The individuals from the study group have been working in cutting, packaging and sewing machines. There is observed that 64,3% of workers exposed to high intensity noises, showed normal audition, however, the rest 35,7% showed Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift (from here NIPTS). In the latter group, the 80% was working in the sewing machine area exposed to 95 dB.(A) of average noise, and the other 20% was working in cutting, exposed to 90 dB.(A) of average noise. From the workers who showed NIPTS, the 78, 9% was in first degree or initial, while the rest 21, 1% was in the second degree or moderate. There was no significant difference between left or right ears, however, right ears group showed a little more damage than left ears group. When the control group was compared with the study group who shown normal audition, is noticed that in 6 KHz. shows a lower threshold for the second group, this make us think in a possible hearing risk. Then, in the group with NIPTS in first degree, is shows a notch in 4KHz frequency, while the group with NIPTS in second degree, show a main notch in 6KHz. frequency that is taking down to the adjacent octaves of 4 and 8 KHz., without affecting speech frequencies.
The assessment of audiology features having by a group of textile workers in a factory is a topic of interest or motivation to the author. To get such features, is necessary to do an audiometric examination to obtain the audiometric thresholds in the following frequencies: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 y 8 KHz. This examination was applied to a population of 37 workers. Then, this set was divided in two groups: the first one, the control group, composed by 9 workers who was not exposed to high intensity noises and another group, the study group, composed by 28 workers, exposed to noise with an intensity equal or more than 85 dB.(A). The individuals from the study group have been working in cutting, packaging and sewing machines. There is observed that 64,3% of workers exposed to high intensity noises, showed normal audition, however, the rest 35,7% showed Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shift (from here NIPTS). In the latter group, the 80% was working in the sewing machine area exposed to 95 dB.(A) of average noise, and the other 20% was working in cutting, exposed to 90 dB.(A) of average noise. From the workers who showed NIPTS, the 78, 9% was in first degree or initial, while the rest 21, 1% was in the second degree or moderate. There was no significant difference between left or right ears, however, right ears group showed a little more damage than left ears group. When the control group was compared with the study group who shown normal audition, is noticed that in 6 KHz. shows a lower threshold for the second group, this make us think in a possible hearing risk. Then, in the group with NIPTS in first degree, is shows a notch in 4KHz frequency, while the group with NIPTS in second degree, show a main notch in 6KHz. frequency that is taking down to the adjacent octaves of 4 and 8 KHz., without affecting speech frequencies.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster Audiología)
Palabras clave
Audición, Empresa Textil, Exámenes Audiométricos, Ruidos de Alta Densidad