Evaluación de la encuesta para padres, apoderados y profesores de la JUNAEB y los resultados del screening auditivo en estudiantes de pre-kinder, kínder y primero básico de la región del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins
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2014
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Es un hecho que Chile carece de una política de “screening” auditivo universal en el neonato,
por lo que muchos niños que no presenten factores de riesgo al nacer pudiesen estar
subdiagnosticados. Además, existen patologías auditivas de aparición tardía, progresivas o
fluctuantes que pueden engrosar estas cifras.
La Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB) ha compensado este déficit
mediante el Programa Salud del Estudiante (PSE) de Otorrino aplicando métodos de pesquisa de
hipoacusia de carácter amplio en la población estudiantil. Entre éstos se encuentra la “Encuesta
para padres, apoderados y profesores” que se revisó en el año 2009 y que permite detectar
sospecha auditiva, mejorándola con preguntas más claras que facilitarán el entendimiento para
quienes la administran y responden. Ahora bien, dada la importancia de este instrumento, es
necesario conocer si la encuesta está cumpliendo el rol de pesquisa y de derivar a “screening” de
forma acertada, y si no es así, indagar en las posibles variables que puedan estar influyendo.
Para la presente investigación “Descripción de la encuesta para padres, apoderados y
profesores de la JUNAEB y los resultados del screening auditivo en estudiantes de pre kínder,
kínder y primero básico de la región del Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins” se planteó la hipótesis
“La encuesta para padres, apoderados y profesores de la JUNAEB deriva un número importante
de niños que resultan ser falsos positivos en el screening auditivo”. El objetivo general fue
evaluar el rol de pesquisa de esta encuesta, y los objetivos específicos relacionarla con los
niveles, las comunas y el sexo. Además, conocer la distribución de las patologías auditivas
encontradas tras la atención médica.
En este estudio se consideró las encuestas positivas y los resultados de los posteriores
“screening” de emisiones otoacústicas (EOA) y audiometría de la población objetivo, en los años
2010, 2011 y 2012. Estos datos fueron proporcionados por la JUNAEB de Rancagua,
recopilados y organizados en planillas excel y analizados con la ayuda del programa G-STAT
2.0. Mediante un estudio descriptivo se llegó a la conclusión que la encuesta presenta una
proporción de aciertos en un tercio de los casos, que en estos tres años ha tenido un
comportamiento similar, hallándose más falsos positivos en el nivel de primero básico.
Asimismo, para las patologías diagnosticadas por el médico, se determinó una proporción mayor
para el tapón de cerumen y la mucositis timpánica, también se estableció que las variables de
nivel escolar, comuna y sexo del alumno no influyen en éstas.
Is a fact that in Chile there’s no policy of universal hearing “screening” in the neonate, therefore many children who do not have risk factors al birth could be underdiagnosed. Furthermore, there are hearing impaired that are late, progressive or fluctuating that may swell that numbers. The National Council of Student Aid and Scholarships (JUNAEB) has compensated this deficit through the Student Health Program (PSE) of Otorrino applying methods of screening for hearing loss in comprehensive nature of the student population. Among these is the “Survey for parents, guardians and teachers” which was revised in 2009 and which allow to detect hearing suspect, improving with clearer questions to facilitate understanding for those who administer and respond. However, given the significance of this instrument, it is necessary to know if the survey is fulfilling the role of the screening and derive a “screening” correctly, and if not, investigate the possible variables that may be influencing. For this investigation, “Description of the survey to parents, guardians and teachers of the JUNAEB and hearing screening results in students from pre-kindergarten, kindergarten and first grade of the Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins region”, was raised the hypothesis “The survey for parents, guardians and teachers from the JUNAEB derives a significant number of children who prove to be false positive in the hearing screening”. The overall objective was to evaluate the role of the screening of this survey, and the specific objective relating it to the levels, the municipalities and sex. Furthermore, knowing the distribution of the auditory pathologies found after medical care. In this study was considered positive surveys and outcomes of subsequent “screening” of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and audiometry of the target population in 2010, 2011 and 2012. These data was provided by the JUNAEB of Rancagua, collected and organized in excel worksheets and analyzed with the help of G-STAT 2.0 program. Through a descriptive study was concluded that the survey has a proportion of successes in a third of cases, which in these three last years has had a similar behavior, being more false positive in the first grade level. Also, for the pathologies diagnosed by the doctor, a higher proportion was determined for earwax and tympanic mucositis, it was also established that the variables of school level, commune and sex of the student not influence them.
Is a fact that in Chile there’s no policy of universal hearing “screening” in the neonate, therefore many children who do not have risk factors al birth could be underdiagnosed. Furthermore, there are hearing impaired that are late, progressive or fluctuating that may swell that numbers. The National Council of Student Aid and Scholarships (JUNAEB) has compensated this deficit through the Student Health Program (PSE) of Otorrino applying methods of screening for hearing loss in comprehensive nature of the student population. Among these is the “Survey for parents, guardians and teachers” which was revised in 2009 and which allow to detect hearing suspect, improving with clearer questions to facilitate understanding for those who administer and respond. However, given the significance of this instrument, it is necessary to know if the survey is fulfilling the role of the screening and derive a “screening” correctly, and if not, investigate the possible variables that may be influencing. For this investigation, “Description of the survey to parents, guardians and teachers of the JUNAEB and hearing screening results in students from pre-kindergarten, kindergarten and first grade of the Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins region”, was raised the hypothesis “The survey for parents, guardians and teachers from the JUNAEB derives a significant number of children who prove to be false positive in the hearing screening”. The overall objective was to evaluate the role of the screening of this survey, and the specific objective relating it to the levels, the municipalities and sex. Furthermore, knowing the distribution of the auditory pathologies found after medical care. In this study was considered positive surveys and outcomes of subsequent “screening” of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and audiometry of the target population in 2010, 2011 and 2012. These data was provided by the JUNAEB of Rancagua, collected and organized in excel worksheets and analyzed with the help of G-STAT 2.0 program. Through a descriptive study was concluded that the survey has a proportion of successes in a third of cases, which in these three last years has had a similar behavior, being more false positive in the first grade level. Also, for the pathologies diagnosed by the doctor, a higher proportion was determined for earwax and tympanic mucositis, it was also established that the variables of school level, commune and sex of the student not influence them.
Notas
Tesis (Magíster en Audiología)
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Audición Pruebas