Construcción modular en madera como una alternativa para viviendas temporales en caso de emergencias y/o catástrofes
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Fecha
2015
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La siguiente investigación pretende dar a conocer y divulgar las características de las viviendas de emergencia que se ofrece hoy en Chile a los damnificados afectados por una catástrofe natural, con el objetivo de mejorar sus propiedades y usos.
La problemática ha sido expuesta al país por parte de los propietarios, políticos y especialistas, los cuales han manifestado que el diseño no es el idóneo para proteger a los habitantes de los agentes climáticos.
Este inconveniente se repetirá en el tiempo debido a que a nivel mundial se ha registrado un aumento en el número de catástrofes como también de pérdidas económicas, siendo América Latina uno de los continentes más afectados. Las consecuencias de los desastres naturales no son iguales para todos y dependen de la vulnerabilidad de las comunidades y los territorios.
En las últimas dos décadas Chile ha concentrado la mayor parte de las emergencias de Sudamérica, teniendo que asistir a más de 350.000 damnificados con planes de emergencia y reconstrucción.
El primer eslabón del proceso de reconstrucción es dar al damnificado una vivienda provisoria, con el fin de buscar modelos a seguir, es que se estudiarán qué tipos de edificaciones se utilizan en países desarrollados y que frecuentemente están siendo afectados por desastres naturales como son Japón y Estados Unidos, considerando las brechas de presupuestos que se manejan.
La alternativa propuesta como mejora, es la vivienda tipo modular, utilizada comúnmente en Chile para campamentos mineros. La tarea es adaptar las características de éstos a los presupuestos que se manejan en el país para las viviendas de emergencia, lo que significa volver a la diseñar el módulo obteniendo un producto final con características de aislación acústica y térmica, hermeticidad, impermeabilidad y mejor estabilidad estructural en comparación a la vivienda de emergencia actual y además dar la posibilidad de ser mejorada por el damnificado para convertirse en una vivienda definitiva.
The following research aims to publicize and disseminate the characteristics of emergency housing offered in Chile today to the victims affected by natural disasters , with the aim of improving their properties and uses. The problems the country has been exposed by the owners, politicians and experts, who have said the design is not the place to protect inhabitants of climatic agents. This drawback is repeated over time because globally there has been an increase in the number of disasters as well as economic losses, with Latin America being one of the continents most affected. The consequences of natural disasters are not equal for all and depend on the vulnerability of communities and territories. In the last two decades Chile has concentrated most of the emergency in South America , having to assist over 350,000 victims with emergency and reconstruction plans . The first step of the reconstruction process is to give the victim a temporary housing, in order to find role models, is to be studied what types of buildings are used in developed countries and often are affected by natural disasters such as Japan and United States , considering the gaps budgets are handled. The alternative proposal as an improvement, is the modular housing, commonly used in Chile for mining camps. The task is to adapt the characteristics of these budgets that are managed in the country for emergency housing , which means return to the design module obtaining a final product with characteristics of acoustic and thermal insulation, sealing , waterproofing and better stability structural compared to the current emergency housing and also give the possibility to be improved by the victim to become a permanent home.
The following research aims to publicize and disseminate the characteristics of emergency housing offered in Chile today to the victims affected by natural disasters , with the aim of improving their properties and uses. The problems the country has been exposed by the owners, politicians and experts, who have said the design is not the place to protect inhabitants of climatic agents. This drawback is repeated over time because globally there has been an increase in the number of disasters as well as economic losses, with Latin America being one of the continents most affected. The consequences of natural disasters are not equal for all and depend on the vulnerability of communities and territories. In the last two decades Chile has concentrated most of the emergency in South America , having to assist over 350,000 victims with emergency and reconstruction plans . The first step of the reconstruction process is to give the victim a temporary housing, in order to find role models, is to be studied what types of buildings are used in developed countries and often are affected by natural disasters such as Japan and United States , considering the gaps budgets are handled. The alternative proposal as an improvement, is the modular housing, commonly used in Chile for mining camps. The task is to adapt the characteristics of these budgets that are managed in the country for emergency housing , which means return to the design module obtaining a final product with characteristics of acoustic and thermal insulation, sealing , waterproofing and better stability structural compared to the current emergency housing and also give the possibility to be improved by the victim to become a permanent home.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Constructor)
Palabras clave
Construcciones de Madera, Construcciones Modulares, Casas Prefabricadas, Vivienda de Emergencia, Diseño y Construcción, Chile