Influencia de la composición del paisaje sobre la alimentación del cóndor andino (Vultur gryphus) en Chile
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Fecha
2020
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El incremento de actividades industriales y productivas, como consecuencia del
crecimiento de la población humana, ha generado múltiples cambios en el uso
del suelo, tales como la degradación de tierras, acumulación de residuos,
agotamiento de los recursos naturales e introducción de especies exóticas. Por
ello, muchas especies nativas se han visto forzadas a cambiar sus territorios para
buscar nuevas fuentes de alimento. Las aves carroñeras, como el cóndor andino
(Vultur gryphus), son capaces de ajustar su ámbito de hogar, patrones de
movimiento y comportamiento alimentario de acuerdo a la disponibilidad de
alimento. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si existe relación
entre la dieta del cóndor andino y los diferentes usos y coberturas de suelos en
tres zonas con contrastantes niveles de antropización en Chile en tres diferentes
áreas de uso potencial por parte del cóndor andino. Para lograrlo, se determinó
la composición dietaria del cóndor andino por medio del análisis de 332
egagrópilas colectadas a partir de nueve dormideros y, se caracterizó el paisaje
y las áreas con presencia de presas. Se identificaron 22 tipos de presas, 14 de
ellas correspondieron a presas nativas, seis introducidas domesticadas y dos
introducida asilvestradas, y ocho de residuos antropogénicos. Se observó una
alta frecuencia de ocurrencia de presas Introducidas domesticadas en toda el
área de estudio (58% Centro, 47% Sur y 73% Austral). Las coberturas de suelo
observados con mayor frecuencia fueron los suelos de tipo Matorral (32%) y
Pastizal (21%). Los resultados evidenciaron correlaciones significativas entre la
composición dietaria del cóndor andino y las diferentes características del
paisaje, mostrando diferencias dependiendo de la escala del buffer analizado e
intervención antrópica. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la composición dietaria del
cóndor andino está asociada a características particulares de composición del
paisaje en su área máxima de uso potencial, principalmente a suelos modificados
por el hombre, que se relacionan a su vez con la oferta y disponibilidad de
alimento de la cual el cóndor depende
The increase in industrial and productive activities, as a consequence of human population growth, has generated multiple changes in land use, such as land degradation, waste accumulation, depletion of natural resources and introduction of exotic species. Therefore, many native species have been forced to change their territories to search for new sources of food. Carrion birds, such as the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), are able to adjust their home range, movement patterns, and eating behavior according to food availability. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate whether there is a relationship between the diet of the Andean condor and the different uses and land cover in three areas with contrasting levels of anthropization in Chile and three different areas of potential use by the Andean condor. To achieve this, the dietary composition of the Andean condor was determined by means of the analysis of 332 pellets collected from nine roosts, and the landscape and the areas with the presence of dams were characterized. 22 types of prey were identified, 14 of them corresponded to native prey, six introduced domesticated and two introduced feral, and eight anthropogenic residues. A high frequency of occurrence of domesticated Introduced prey was found throughout the study area (58% Central, 47% South and 73% Austral). The most frequently found ground covers were scrubland (32%) and grassland (21%). The results showed significant correlations between the diet composition of the Andean condor and different characteristics of the landscapes, showing differences depending on the scale of the buffer analyzed and their anthropic intervention. Therefore, it is concluded that the dietary composition of the Andean condor is associated with particular characteristics of landscape composition in its maximum potential use area, mainly to soils modified by man, which in turn are related to the supply and availability of food on which the condor depends.
The increase in industrial and productive activities, as a consequence of human population growth, has generated multiple changes in land use, such as land degradation, waste accumulation, depletion of natural resources and introduction of exotic species. Therefore, many native species have been forced to change their territories to search for new sources of food. Carrion birds, such as the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus), are able to adjust their home range, movement patterns, and eating behavior according to food availability. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate whether there is a relationship between the diet of the Andean condor and the different uses and land cover in three areas with contrasting levels of anthropization in Chile and three different areas of potential use by the Andean condor. To achieve this, the dietary composition of the Andean condor was determined by means of the analysis of 332 pellets collected from nine roosts, and the landscape and the areas with the presence of dams were characterized. 22 types of prey were identified, 14 of them corresponded to native prey, six introduced domesticated and two introduced feral, and eight anthropogenic residues. A high frequency of occurrence of domesticated Introduced prey was found throughout the study area (58% Central, 47% South and 73% Austral). The most frequently found ground covers were scrubland (32%) and grassland (21%). The results showed significant correlations between the diet composition of the Andean condor and different characteristics of the landscapes, showing differences depending on the scale of the buffer analyzed and their anthropic intervention. Therefore, it is concluded that the dietary composition of the Andean condor is associated with particular characteristics of landscape composition in its maximum potential use area, mainly to soils modified by man, which in turn are related to the supply and availability of food on which the condor depends.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Biología)
Palabras clave
Cóndor Andino, Alimentación y Alimentos, Chile