Integración de sistemas fotovoltaicos en construcción
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Fecha
2004
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Resumen
La motivación dirigida en la búsqueda de nuevos sistemas constructivos y elementos que intervengan en forma directa en edificaciones, en la mayoría de los casos se centra en encontrar una relación de costo-beneficio óptimo en base a las necesidades de cada proyecto, es así, como hoy en día la tecnología nos invade en todo ámbito, y en el caso de la industria de la construcción se puede observar en la gran cantidad de materiales que salen al mercado cada año. Analizando el tema de la integración de energías renovables en esta área, se descubre que existe una amplia gama de sistemas que abarcan dos grandes áreas relacionadas con las instalaciones, la generación de electricidad (energía solar y eólica), y el calentamiento de agua.
Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de las distintas variables que intervienen específicamente en la incorporación en las ciudades de sistemas fotovoltaicos en construcción, tema poco difundido en nuestro país, y en general en América Latina, a pesar del gran potencial natural que posee nuestra geografía. El texto busca exponer en una primera etapa, las nociones básicas referentes a captación de la energía solar y la descripción de los componentes de este sistema, para posteriormente, analizar los aspectos generales, técnicos, económicos, legales, y mostrar la realidad que vive Chile al respecto.
Debido principalmente al elevado costo de fabricación de estos elementos, (pero actualmente en notable disminución) es que se ha optado por buscar fórmulas que ayuden a hacer factibles proyectos de esta naturaleza, donde sin duda la mejor aplicación reside en la captación de energía y la función de revestimiento. Por otro lado es importante recalcar que la investigación se basa en el estudio de cómo se ha podido lograr implementar este sistema en países desarrollados, mediante el compromiso de los gobiernos que han visto en el uso de estas tecnologías un inmejorable beneficio medioambiental, educativo y de aprovechamiento de energías renovables como la solar y eólica. Y por último, se dá un ejemplo real de instalación en Santiago para el suministro de consumos de una vivienda tipo, basado en ciertos supuestos de ayuda estatal u otro organismo.
Motivation addressed to the search of new constructive systems and of elements that intervene directly in edifications, is centered, in most cases, in finding a relationship of optimum cost-benefit based in the needs of each project, that ishow technology invades us in every ambit nowadays and in the case of the construction industry we can see this in the great amount of materials going out into market each year. Analyzing the theme regarding the integration of renewable energies in this area we found that a wide scale of systems exist taking in two big areas dealing with installments, electricity generation (solar and eolical energy) and water heating. This work is centered in the analysis of the different variable that intervene specifically in the incorporation in cities, of the photovoltaics systems in constructions; a theme not spread enough in our country and in general in Latin America, in spite of the great natural potential of our geography. In a first stage, the text expects to answer the basics notions involved in the capitation of solar energy and the description of the components of this system to, subsequently analyze the general, technical, economical and legal aspects and show the reality found in our country regarding these aspects. The mainly to the high cost in manufacturing these elements (although diminishing remarkably at this moment) it is why it has been decided to look for formulas that would make projects of these nature tangible, where, no doubt, its best application is when they fulfill the double function of coating and capturing energy at the same time. On the other hand it is important to emphasize that the investigation is based in the study of how it has been possible to achieve the development countries, in which the governments have compromised when seeing in the use of these technologies, an unsurpassable benefit for the environment, in education and in the advantage of renewable energies as the solar and eolical energy. It is true that the magnitude and calculus associated to this type of systems brings along a detailed study of the project to fulfill, which is beyond the purpose of this work, the most important basic notions for our study will be mentioned. And finally, a real example of an installation for the supply of certain provisions of a model housing will be given based in certain assumption of receiving help from the government or any institution.
Motivation addressed to the search of new constructive systems and of elements that intervene directly in edifications, is centered, in most cases, in finding a relationship of optimum cost-benefit based in the needs of each project, that ishow technology invades us in every ambit nowadays and in the case of the construction industry we can see this in the great amount of materials going out into market each year. Analyzing the theme regarding the integration of renewable energies in this area we found that a wide scale of systems exist taking in two big areas dealing with installments, electricity generation (solar and eolical energy) and water heating. This work is centered in the analysis of the different variable that intervene specifically in the incorporation in cities, of the photovoltaics systems in constructions; a theme not spread enough in our country and in general in Latin America, in spite of the great natural potential of our geography. In a first stage, the text expects to answer the basics notions involved in the capitation of solar energy and the description of the components of this system to, subsequently analyze the general, technical, economical and legal aspects and show the reality found in our country regarding these aspects. The mainly to the high cost in manufacturing these elements (although diminishing remarkably at this moment) it is why it has been decided to look for formulas that would make projects of these nature tangible, where, no doubt, its best application is when they fulfill the double function of coating and capturing energy at the same time. On the other hand it is important to emphasize that the investigation is based in the study of how it has been possible to achieve the development countries, in which the governments have compromised when seeing in the use of these technologies, an unsurpassable benefit for the environment, in education and in the advantage of renewable energies as the solar and eolical energy. It is true that the magnitude and calculus associated to this type of systems brings along a detailed study of the project to fulfill, which is beyond the purpose of this work, the most important basic notions for our study will be mentioned. And finally, a real example of an installation for the supply of certain provisions of a model housing will be given based in certain assumption of receiving help from the government or any institution.
Notas
Tesis (Constructor Civil)
Palabras clave
Sistemas Fotovoltáicos, Industria de la Construcción