Caracterización hidroquímica y estimación de vulnerabilidad y riesgo a la contaminación de la subcuenca del estero El Sauce, región de Valparaíso, Chile
Cargando...
Archivos
Fecha
2022
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo realizar una caracterización hidroquímica y estimar tanto la vulnerabilidad como el riesgo a la contaminación en la subcuenca El Sauce, ubicada en la Región de Valparaíso, Chile. Todo esto, para poder generar una herramienta útil en la toma de decisiones futuras en cuanto a una correcta gestión y protección del recurso hídrico en la zona.
Los objetivos propuestos para este trabajo se llevaron a cabo mediante una primera etapa de análisis del área de estudio y de una exhaustiva recopilación bibliográfica. En esta etapa se realizan las primeras campañas de terreno, para poder realizar un reconocimiento del área y también parar generar una participación activa con los habitantes del sector, así dándoles a conocer el estudio y a su vez poder obtener autorización para futuros muestreos en los pozos de aguas subterráneas que existieran en el sector.
La caracterización hidroquímica del área de estudio se basa principalmente en el resultado de análisis en laboratorio obtenido de las muestras de aguas subterráneas y superficiales tomadas en las distintas campañas de terreno.
El estudio de la vulnerabilidad a la contaminación se lleva a cabo mediante el método GODS, el cual toma en cuenta los parámetros: tipo de acuífero, litología de la zona no saturada, profundidad de agua y tipo de suelos.
Para determinar el riesgo a la contaminación de la subcuenca es necesario estimar la carga contaminante, llevada a cabo mediante el método POSH. Luego, el riesgo se obtiene al cruzar la información mediante una matriz que incorpora los resultados de la vulnerabilidad y la carga contaminante.
Los resultados obtenidos se presentan en formato de mapas, donde es posible identificar los componentes principales que sobrepasan límites máximos permisibles, como también mapas donde se ven las zonas más vulnerables y con mayor riesgo de una potencial contaminación producto de la ubicación de las actividades potencialmente contaminantes en el área.
The objective of this work was to carry out an hydrochemical characterization and estimate both the vulnerability and the risk of contamination in the El Sauce water catchment, located in the Valparaíso Region, Chile. All this, with the aim to generate a useful tool in future decision-making regarding the correct management and protection of water resources in the area. The objectives proposed for this work were first assessed through an analysis of the studied area and an exhaustive bibliographical compilation. During this stage, the first field campaigns consisted in the reconnaissance of the area and generating contact with the habitants of the sector in order to obtain their authorization for the access to the wells and share the objective of the research study. Then, an hydrochemical characterization of groundwater and surface water samples from the studied area was performed to study the quality of the water resources. The study of vulnerability to contamination was carried out using the GODS method, which considers the following parameters: type of aquifer, lithology of the unsaturated zone, depth of water and type of soil. To determine the risk of contamination in the sub-basin, it was necessary to estimate the contaminant load, carried out using the POSH method. Then, the risk was obtained by crossing the information through a matrix that incorporates the results of the vulnerability and the contaminant load. The results obtained are presented in map format, where it is possible to identify the main components that exceed the maximum permissible limits, as well as maps showing the most vulnerable areas and those with the greatest risk of potential contamination as a result of the location of activities potentially pollutants in the area.
The objective of this work was to carry out an hydrochemical characterization and estimate both the vulnerability and the risk of contamination in the El Sauce water catchment, located in the Valparaíso Region, Chile. All this, with the aim to generate a useful tool in future decision-making regarding the correct management and protection of water resources in the area. The objectives proposed for this work were first assessed through an analysis of the studied area and an exhaustive bibliographical compilation. During this stage, the first field campaigns consisted in the reconnaissance of the area and generating contact with the habitants of the sector in order to obtain their authorization for the access to the wells and share the objective of the research study. Then, an hydrochemical characterization of groundwater and surface water samples from the studied area was performed to study the quality of the water resources. The study of vulnerability to contamination was carried out using the GODS method, which considers the following parameters: type of aquifer, lithology of the unsaturated zone, depth of water and type of soil. To determine the risk of contamination in the sub-basin, it was necessary to estimate the contaminant load, carried out using the POSH method. Then, the risk was obtained by crossing the information through a matrix that incorporates the results of the vulnerability and the contaminant load. The results obtained are presented in map format, where it is possible to identify the main components that exceed the maximum permissible limits, as well as maps showing the most vulnerable areas and those with the greatest risk of potential contamination as a result of the location of activities potentially pollutants in the area.
Notas
Memoria (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Contaminación del Agua, Cuencas Hidrográficas, Aspectos Ambientales, Chile, Región de Valparaíso