Nivel de conocimiento de apoderados de pacientes pediátricos acerca del impacto de la dieta sobre las caries dental, en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Andrés Bello en el año 2020 sede Santiago
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Fecha
2020
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Objetivo: Determinar el grado de conocimiento que poseen los apoderados de pacientes
pediátricos acerca del impacto que tiene la dieta sobre la caries dental, en la Clínica
Odontológica UNAB, atendidos el año 2019.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo observacional transversal descriptivo,
aplicado a apoderados de pacientes pediátricos que recibieron atención en la Clínica
Odontológica Sede Santiago de la Universidad Andrés Bello de pregrado y postgrado, el
año 2019. El estudio buscó conocer, a través de una encuesta, el nivel de educación
de los padres y apoderados de pacientes pediátricos del año 2019, con respecto a la
dieta y cómo esta afecta en la presencia de lesiones de caries dental. Del listado original
de 272 padres y/o apoderados que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión,
se pudo contactar a 175, de los cuales solo accedieron a participar 96, lo que
corresponde a el 57,14% del tamaño muestral necesario (n=166). El conocimiento se
evaluó a través de la aplicación de una encuesta que contó con 24 preguntas, 17 de ellas
se utilizaron para medir el nivel de conocimiento de los apoderados con respecto a la
dieta y su relación con la caries dental, y las 7 restantes informaron acerca de aspectos
sociodemográficos. Su aplicación fue a través de emails enviados a los padres que
decidieron participar en el estudio.
Resultados: Participaron de este estudio 96 padres y apoderados de pacientes
pediátricos que acudieron a la Clínica Odontológica UNAB el año 2019.
Al evaluar el nivel de conocimiento en relación a alimentación y caries los participantes
obtuvieron un promedio de un 26,16% (DS ± 9,8) de respuestas correctas. Las temáticas
más conocidas fueron los alimentos cariogénicos (media=54,69%, DS ± 23,03) y la ley
de etiquetado (media=39,24%, DS ± 26,49). Por otro lado, la categoría de alimentos
anticariogénicos (media=5,56%, ds ± 12,9) fue la que menos conocimiento obtuvo por
parte de los apoderados. Conclusiones: Este estudio concluyó que los apoderados de los pacientes pediátricos
tienen un bajo nivel de conocimiento con respecto a cómo influye la dieta en la caries
dental. Se encontró que, en general, los padres reconocen aquellos alimentos ricos en
azúcares libres como los responsables de una mala salud oral, sin embargo, no son
capaces de discriminar que el riesgo de caries aumenta si el alimento azucarado es
consumido más de 3 veces al día, si es de consistencia adhesiva y si se consume entre
comidas. Tampoco conocen sobre aquellos alimentos que pueden ser benéficos y bajar
el riesgo de sufrir caries, lo que puede justificarse por la falta de educación al respecto.
El conocimiento más acabado de aquellos alimentos ricos en azúcares que son
dañinos para la salud oral puede deberse a que las políticas públicas, incluyendo el
etiquetado nutricional tienden a ser más restrictivas con el consumo de azúcar.
Objective: To determine the degree of knowledge that the guardians of pediatric patients have about the impact that diet has on dental caries, in the UNAB Dental Clinic, attended in 2019. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative observational study applied to parents of pediatric patients who received care at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate Dental Clinic Sede Santiago of the Andrés Bello University, in 2019. The study sought to know, through a survey, the level of education of parents and guardians of pediatric patients in 2019, regarding diet and how it affects the presence of dental caries lesions. Of the original list of 272 parents and / or guardians to contact who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 175 could be contacted, of which only 96 parents and / or guardians agreed to participate, which corresponds to 57.14 % of the sample size required (n = 166). Knowledge was evaluated through the application of a survey that had 24 questions, of which 17 were used to measure the level of knowledge of the proxies regarding diet and its relationship with dental caries, and the remaining 7 they reported on sociodemographic aspects. Its application was through emails sent to parents who decided to participate in the study. Results: 96 parents and guardians of pediatric patients who attended the UNAB Dental Clinic participated in this study in 2019. It had 24 questions, of which 17 were used to measure the level of knowledge of the guardians regarding diet and its relationship with dental caries, the remaining 7 for the characterization of parents and / or guardians. At the level of knowledge of the relationship between diet and caries, the participants obtained an average of 26.16% (SD ± 9.8) of correct answers. The best-known topics were cariogenic foods (mean = 54.69%, SD ± 23.03) and the labeling law (mean = 39.24%, SD ± 26.49) .On the other hand, the one with the least knowledge from the proxies it was obtained by the category of anticariogenic foods (mean = 5.56%, SD ± 12.9). Conclusions: This study concluded that the guardians of pediatric patients have a low level of knowledge regarding diet and how it influences dental caries. Ignorance is greater with respect to those foods that can be beneficial for oral health and there is a more complete knowledge regarding those foods that are harmful to oral health, this may be due to the fact that public policies tend to be more restrictive with the consumption of sugar.
Objective: To determine the degree of knowledge that the guardians of pediatric patients have about the impact that diet has on dental caries, in the UNAB Dental Clinic, attended in 2019. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative observational study applied to parents of pediatric patients who received care at the Undergraduate and Postgraduate Dental Clinic Sede Santiago of the Andrés Bello University, in 2019. The study sought to know, through a survey, the level of education of parents and guardians of pediatric patients in 2019, regarding diet and how it affects the presence of dental caries lesions. Of the original list of 272 parents and / or guardians to contact who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 175 could be contacted, of which only 96 parents and / or guardians agreed to participate, which corresponds to 57.14 % of the sample size required (n = 166). Knowledge was evaluated through the application of a survey that had 24 questions, of which 17 were used to measure the level of knowledge of the proxies regarding diet and its relationship with dental caries, and the remaining 7 they reported on sociodemographic aspects. Its application was through emails sent to parents who decided to participate in the study. Results: 96 parents and guardians of pediatric patients who attended the UNAB Dental Clinic participated in this study in 2019. It had 24 questions, of which 17 were used to measure the level of knowledge of the guardians regarding diet and its relationship with dental caries, the remaining 7 for the characterization of parents and / or guardians. At the level of knowledge of the relationship between diet and caries, the participants obtained an average of 26.16% (SD ± 9.8) of correct answers. The best-known topics were cariogenic foods (mean = 54.69%, SD ± 23.03) and the labeling law (mean = 39.24%, SD ± 26.49) .On the other hand, the one with the least knowledge from the proxies it was obtained by the category of anticariogenic foods (mean = 5.56%, SD ± 12.9). Conclusions: This study concluded that the guardians of pediatric patients have a low level of knowledge regarding diet and how it influences dental caries. Ignorance is greater with respect to those foods that can be beneficial for oral health and there is a more complete knowledge regarding those foods that are harmful to oral health, this may be due to the fact that public policies tend to be more restrictive with the consumption of sugar.
Notas
Trabajo de investigación (Cirujano Dentista, Odontopediatría)
Palabras clave
Encuestas de Salud Bucal, Odontología Pediátrica, Caries Dental, Dieta