Métodos de agotamiento para fundaciones profundas en puentes
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Fecha
2004
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es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Dependiendo de las demandas específicas para las fundaciones de un puente como también de la caracterización geotécnica del sitio, se utilizan apoyos, consistentes en cajones o cilindros, estos elementos conforman las fundaciones profundas que hoy se utilizan con más frecuencia en nuestro país, y se distinguen entre sí por la magnitud de su diámetro o lado, según sean de sección recta, circular o rectangular.
En la puesta en hinca de cajones o cilindros, el descenso en el terreno se produce por su propio peso a medida se excava en su interior. Constructivamente este tipo de fundación puede ser con o sin agotamiento de agua. Si la zona de emplazamiento tiene presencia de agua como es la construcción dentro de un lecho de un río, se confecciona una isla artificial terraplenada de trabajo de material granular asegurando una cortina impermeable que permita el hincamiento del cajón o cilindro con el menor agotamiento posible.
Las bombas que se usan en este tipo de agotamiento son centrifugas o sumergibles, dependiendo de la cantidad de agua a mover como también de las exigencias técnicas de la obra.
Para poder determinar el volumen de agua a agotar, se utilizan referencias de fórmulas de agotamientos para diferentes acuíferos. Como la mayoría de los suelos están estratificados, es preciso determinar el coeficiente de permeabilidad, para cada estrato más o menos homogéneo, determinando así un caudal teórico para cada tipo de fundación posible.
Considering the specific demands of the foundations of a bridge as well as the geotecnic structure of the site, supports are usedconecting of boces or cylinders. These elements are the bases of the deep foundations which are frecuently used nowadays in our country and they are recognized by the width of their diameter or slapes. Wether they are of a straigth, circle or rectangular slape. When setting the plant of boxes or cylinders, the lowering inside the ground is produced by its own weight as it is dug in. When bulding this kind of foundation can be made writh or without water. If the site of the building has got some water as it occurs when it is made in a dry river site, it is necessary to build an artificial island covered wiht granular material insuring and guaranteing a water-proof layer Wich allows the lowering of the box a cylinder with less minimum possible danger. The pumps used in this kind of drain off are centrifugal or sinkable depending on the amount of water to drain as well as the technical demands of work. To determine the volume of water to drain preferences of special formulas of (draining off) of diferent kind of water ponds. As most of the sites are stratified it is important to determine the coeffcient of permeability for every layer rather homogenius. That way determining a theorical amount of water for every kind of possible foundations.
Considering the specific demands of the foundations of a bridge as well as the geotecnic structure of the site, supports are usedconecting of boces or cylinders. These elements are the bases of the deep foundations which are frecuently used nowadays in our country and they are recognized by the width of their diameter or slapes. Wether they are of a straigth, circle or rectangular slape. When setting the plant of boxes or cylinders, the lowering inside the ground is produced by its own weight as it is dug in. When bulding this kind of foundation can be made writh or without water. If the site of the building has got some water as it occurs when it is made in a dry river site, it is necessary to build an artificial island covered wiht granular material insuring and guaranteing a water-proof layer Wich allows the lowering of the box a cylinder with less minimum possible danger. The pumps used in this kind of drain off are centrifugal or sinkable depending on the amount of water to drain as well as the technical demands of work. To determine the volume of water to drain preferences of special formulas of (draining off) of diferent kind of water ponds. As most of the sites are stratified it is important to determine the coeffcient of permeability for every layer rather homogenius. That way determining a theorical amount of water for every kind of possible foundations.
Notas
Tesis (Constructor Civil)
Palabras clave
Puentes, Diseño y Construcción