Influencia del efecto del fuego en el diseƱo de edificaciones industriales
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Fecha
2022
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Idioma
es
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Universidad AndrƩs Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
El estudio tiene como propĆ³sito dar a conocer la influencia que tiene el fuego en estructuras de uso
industrial al usar revestimientos intumescentes en sus perfiles. El fuego es un factor externo de gran
importancia, ya que altera las caracterĆsticas propias de los materiales que se vean expuestos a gradientes
de temperatura, por lo que el uso de protecciĆ³n pasiva, en este caso pintura intumescente es una opciĆ³n
vƔlida si se desea reducir los efectos que el fuego puede causar en una estructura. Bajo esta premisa, el
anƔlisis del comportamiento de una estructura de acero bajo estas condiciones permite proponer un diseƱo
acorde a la resistencia al fuego requerida de una estructura, considerando las caracterĆsticas propias del
acero y pinturas intumescentes con resistencias al fuego F-90 y F-120. Esta investigaciĆ³n propone distintos
casos de estudio en base a resistencias al fuego requeridas, en donde cada caso considera la utilizaciĆ³n de
pintura intumescente, lo que requiere de un ajuste de masividades de cada perfil metƔlico para el
funcionamiento eficiente de la pintura en la estructura, es decir, que efectivamente resista la cantidad de
minutos indicados por el producto. Mediante anƔlisis estructural, es posible extraer resultados que evidencian
cuantitativamente aumentos exponenciales de los valores mĆ”ximos de esfuerzos de corte, compresiĆ³n, corte,
momentos flectores y torsionales a medida que se modifican las dimensiones de las secciones. Gracias al
ajuste de masividad provocado por el uso de pintura intumescente, se obtienen variaciones en el
comportamiento de los distintos casos de estudio, las cuales varĆan a medida que se incrementa la resistencia
al fuego requerida de cada estructura, la variaciĆ³n mĆ”s importante consiste en el incremento del peso total de
cada estructura. Los resultados obtenidos se presentan a modo de poder efectuar comparaciones entre los
casos de estudios, estableciendo vƔlidamente que si se desea aplicar pintura intumescente se debe tener en
consideraciĆ³n los cambios de masividad de los elementos, ya que esto tiene un impacto considerable en la
estructura debido a que los esfuerzos a los que se ve sometida son mucho mayores a los experimentados
por estructuras que no consideran pintura intumescente. AdemƔs, bajo el supuesto de que la pintura
intumescente aĆsla por completo al acero durante su exposiciĆ³n a altas temperaturas, se realiza un estudio
de aplicaciĆ³n de gradientes de temperatura que establece cuantitativamente los efectos provocados por el
fuego, los cuales se centran en el aumento de hasta un 3000% de las fuerzas axiales en algunos elementos
estructurales, lo que provoca que los factores de utilizaciĆ³n de los elementos se vean sobrepasados hasta en
un 345% lo cual no es admisible para el diseƱo del proyecto.
The purpose of this study is to show the influence that fire has on industrial structures when intumescent coatings are used in their profiles. Fire is an external factor of great importance, since it alters the characteristics of the materials that are exposed to temperature gradients, so the use of passive protection, in this case intumescent paint, is a valid option if it is desired to reduce the effects that fire can cause in a structure. Under this premise, the analysis of the behavior of a steel structure under these conditions allows proposing a design according to the required fire resistance of a structure, considering the characteristics of steel and intumescent paints with fire resistance F-90 and F-120. This research proposes different case studies based on the required fire resistance, where each case considers the use of intumescent paint, which requires an adjustment of the massivity of each metal profile for the efficient operation of the paint in the structure, i.e., that it effectively resists the number of minutes indicated by the product. By means of a structural analysis, it is possible to extract results that quantitatively show exponential increases in the maximum values of shear, compression, shear, bending and torsional moments as the dimensions of the sections are modified. Thanks to the massivity adjustment caused by the use of intumescent paint, variations in the behavior of the different case studies are obtained, which vary as the required fire resistance of each structure increases, the most important variation being the increase in the total weight of each structure. The results obtained are presented in order to make comparisons between the case studies, validly establishing that if intumescent paint is to be applied, the changes in massiveness of the elements must be taken into consideration, since this has a considerable impact on the structure due to the fact that the stresses to which it is subjected are much greater than those experienced by structures that do not consider intumescent paint. In addition, under the assumption that the intumescent paint completely insulates the steel during its exposure to high temperatures, a temperature load application study is performed that quantitatively establishes the effects caused by the fire, which focus on the increase of up to 3000% of the axial forces in some structural elements, which causes the utilization factors of the elements to be exceeded by up to 345% which is not admissible for the design of the project.
The purpose of this study is to show the influence that fire has on industrial structures when intumescent coatings are used in their profiles. Fire is an external factor of great importance, since it alters the characteristics of the materials that are exposed to temperature gradients, so the use of passive protection, in this case intumescent paint, is a valid option if it is desired to reduce the effects that fire can cause in a structure. Under this premise, the analysis of the behavior of a steel structure under these conditions allows proposing a design according to the required fire resistance of a structure, considering the characteristics of steel and intumescent paints with fire resistance F-90 and F-120. This research proposes different case studies based on the required fire resistance, where each case considers the use of intumescent paint, which requires an adjustment of the massivity of each metal profile for the efficient operation of the paint in the structure, i.e., that it effectively resists the number of minutes indicated by the product. By means of a structural analysis, it is possible to extract results that quantitatively show exponential increases in the maximum values of shear, compression, shear, bending and torsional moments as the dimensions of the sections are modified. Thanks to the massivity adjustment caused by the use of intumescent paint, variations in the behavior of the different case studies are obtained, which vary as the required fire resistance of each structure increases, the most important variation being the increase in the total weight of each structure. The results obtained are presented in order to make comparisons between the case studies, validly establishing that if intumescent paint is to be applied, the changes in massiveness of the elements must be taken into consideration, since this has a considerable impact on the structure due to the fact that the stresses to which it is subjected are much greater than those experienced by structures that do not consider intumescent paint. In addition, under the assumption that the intumescent paint completely insulates the steel during its exposure to high temperatures, a temperature load application study is performed that quantitatively establishes the effects caused by the fire, which focus on the increase of up to 3000% of the axial forces in some structural elements, which causes the utilization factors of the elements to be exceeded by up to 345% which is not admissible for the design of the project.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Edificios Industriales, PrevenciĆ³n de Riesgos, Construcciones a Prueba de Incendios, Pintura Intumescente, CombustiĆ³n