Daños históricos y variables de vulnerabilidad frente a tsunami
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En esta última década, los maremotos han estado latentes en Chile y por ello
es necesario estudiar los impactos que pueden llegar a ocasionar en la infraestructura
crítica, específicamente en el sistema de aguas servidas (AS). Este documento expone un
análisis de daños históricos ocasionados por tsunamis en Chile en los últimos 11 años en
la infraestructura de AS, donde se describen daños de los años 2010 (regiones de
O’Higgins, Maule y Biobío), 2014 (región de Arica y Parinacota, Tarapacá y Antofagasta) y
2015 (región de Coquimbo). Por otro lado, se presenta un análisis de vulnerabilidad en
estos sistemas frente a amenaza de tsunami en la ciudad de Iquique, con el fin de conocer
cuántos elementos de este sistema serían vulnerables. Este análisis se llevó a cabo
mediante mapas de superposición elaborados por el software Qgis. Para la confección de
estos, se entrelazó el plano de susceptibilidad de inundación de la Municipalidad de Iquique
y la carta de inundación por tsunami (CITSU) de esta misma ciudad, elaborada por el SHOA
con los diferentes sistemas/elementos de la infraestructura de AS de Iquique. Por último,
se presentan acciones de respuesta utilizados en desastres históricos que afectaron el
sistema sanitario y se muestran medidas de mitigación que se podrían implementar en el
futuro en los diferentes elementos de la infraestructura de aguas servidas de Iquique o
sistemas similares a este.
In the last decade, tsunamis have been latent in Chile and therefore it is necessary to study the impacts that they can cause on critical infrastructure, specifically on the wastewater system. This document presents an analysis of historical damages caused by tsunamis in Chile in the last 11 years in the infrastructure of wastewater system, where explain damages of the years 2010 (regions of O’Higgins, Maule and Biobío), 2014 (regions of Arica and Parinacota, Tarapacá and Antofagasta) and 2015 (region of Coquimbo). On the other hand, a vulnerability analysis is presented in these systems in the face of a tsunami threat in the city of Iquique, in order to know how many elements of this system would be vulnerable. This analysis was carried out using overlay maps produced by the Qgis software. For the preparation of these, were intertwined the plane of flood susceptibility of the Municipality of Iquique and the carte flood by tsunami of this same city, prepared by the SHOA with the different systems / elements of the infrastructure of wastewater system of Iquique. Finally, response actions used in historical disasters that affected the sanitary system are presented and mitigation measures that could be implemented in the future in the different elements of the Iquique sewage infrastructure are shown or systems similar to this one.
In the last decade, tsunamis have been latent in Chile and therefore it is necessary to study the impacts that they can cause on critical infrastructure, specifically on the wastewater system. This document presents an analysis of historical damages caused by tsunamis in Chile in the last 11 years in the infrastructure of wastewater system, where explain damages of the years 2010 (regions of O’Higgins, Maule and Biobío), 2014 (regions of Arica and Parinacota, Tarapacá and Antofagasta) and 2015 (region of Coquimbo). On the other hand, a vulnerability analysis is presented in these systems in the face of a tsunami threat in the city of Iquique, in order to know how many elements of this system would be vulnerable. This analysis was carried out using overlay maps produced by the Qgis software. For the preparation of these, were intertwined the plane of flood susceptibility of the Municipality of Iquique and the carte flood by tsunami of this same city, prepared by the SHOA with the different systems / elements of the infrastructure of wastewater system of Iquique. Finally, response actions used in historical disasters that affected the sanitary system are presented and mitigation measures that could be implemented in the future in the different elements of the Iquique sewage infrastructure are shown or systems similar to this one.
Notas
Memoria (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Tsunamis, Investigaciones, Aguas Servidas, Chile, Obras Públicas, Evaluación