Rol de la hormona vegetal etileno en la incidencia y severidad de la fisiopatía de daño por frío en frutos de granada (Punica granatum): Evaluación de la calidad funcional del fruto
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2016
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La granada (Punica granatum) es una fruta exportada por nuestro país a distintos países del mundo. Para lograr extender el periodo de exportación de esta fruta, es necesario almacenarla a temperaturas inferiores a los 5°C, almacenamiento que luego de 45 días genera daño por frío (DF), esto afecta las cualidades organolépticas de la fruta y posiblemente genera un cambio sobre uno de los principales atributos comerciales de la granada, y que corresponde a su alto contenido de antioxidantes, entre los cuales destacan los compuestos fenólicos. En la actualidad, existe poca información sobre el efecto del almacenamiento a bajas temperaturas en cuanto a la capacidad funcional del fruto. Por otro lado existen indicios de que las granadas almacenadas a baja temperatura presentan un aumento en la producción de la hormona vegetal etileno, hormona relacionada con procesos como maduración y senescencia, y que a su vez podría estar relacionada con los efectos del DF. La presente investigación busca determinar cómo ciertos parámetros de calidad, así como la capacidad antioxidante de la fruta, se ven afectados luego del almacenamiento a baja temperatura, además de dilucidar cómo se relaciona la hormona etileno con los efectos del almacenamiento en frío. Para esto se aplicaron diferentes tratamientos a distintos grupos de granadas de la variedad Wonderful, correspondiente a la más difundida en Chile y en el mundo, las granadas fueron almacenadas a 2°C ± 1°C por un período total de 120 días, tomándose muestras a distintas fechas de confinamiento. Para cada fecha se evaluaron parámetros de calidad como color, acidez, dulzor y firmeza. Por otro lado, se midió la concentración de antocianinas y taninos hidrolizados (compuestos fenólicos), correspondientes a los principales componentes antioxidantes de la granada. Los resultados indicaron que la aplicación exógena de etileno produce distintos efectos sobre los parámetros de calidad del fruto. Por otra parte, en el caso de la piel de granada, destaca un incremento en la concentración de antocianinas de más de 12 veces el valor inicial, luego de 120 días en frío, para frutos tratados con etileno en una concentración de 1,5 μl/L. Mientras que el control en frío sólo aumentó en poco más de 2 veces el valor inicial, en el mismo lapsus de tiempo. Estos resultados otorgan evidencia de que, en las granadas de la variedad Wonderful, es posible generar un aumento en la concentración de ciertos antioxidantes, mediante almacenamiento en frío o en base a tratamientos con la hormona etileno.
The Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit exported by our country to several countries in the world. In order to increase the exportation period of this fruit, it’s necessary to store it in temperatures below the 5ºC, after 45 days this storage will generate chilling injury (CI), this affects the fruit organoleptic properties and might generate change in one of the main commercial attribute of the pomegranate, its high content of antioxidants, among them the phenolic compounds are the most important. At the present time, there is little information about the effect of storing at low temperatures regarding the functional capacity of the fruit. Also there are signs that the pomegranates stored at low temperatures presents an increase in the production of ethylene hormone, which is related with the ripening and senescence processes, and it could be related to the CI effects. This investigation tries to determine how certain quality parameters, as well as the antioxidant capacity of the fruit, are affected after storage at low temperatures. In addition, this investigation will try to clarify how the plant hormone ethylene is related to the effects of storage at cold temperatures. For this purpose different treatments to different groups of Wonderful Pomegranates (the most widespread variety in Chile and in the world) were applied. Fruits were stored at 2 °C ± 1 °C for a maximum period of 120 days, sampling at different dates of confinement. For each date quality parameters such as color, acidity, sweetness and firmness were evaluated. Furthermore, anthocyanins and tannins hydrolysates were measured, corresponding to the main antioxidants compounds in the pomegranate. The results indicated that the exogenous application of ethylene produces different effects on fruit quality parameters. Moreover, in the case of Pomegranate skin, it includes an increase in anthocyanins of more than 12 times the initial value after 120 days at cold temperatures to fruit treated with ethylene in a concentration of 1.5 µl/ L. While cold control increased just a little more than 2 times its initial value, in the same period of time. These results provide evidence that in the Wonderful pomegranates it is possible to generate an increase in the concentration of certain antioxidants, by cold storage or treatments based on the ethylene hormone.
The Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit exported by our country to several countries in the world. In order to increase the exportation period of this fruit, it’s necessary to store it in temperatures below the 5ºC, after 45 days this storage will generate chilling injury (CI), this affects the fruit organoleptic properties and might generate change in one of the main commercial attribute of the pomegranate, its high content of antioxidants, among them the phenolic compounds are the most important. At the present time, there is little information about the effect of storing at low temperatures regarding the functional capacity of the fruit. Also there are signs that the pomegranates stored at low temperatures presents an increase in the production of ethylene hormone, which is related with the ripening and senescence processes, and it could be related to the CI effects. This investigation tries to determine how certain quality parameters, as well as the antioxidant capacity of the fruit, are affected after storage at low temperatures. In addition, this investigation will try to clarify how the plant hormone ethylene is related to the effects of storage at cold temperatures. For this purpose different treatments to different groups of Wonderful Pomegranates (the most widespread variety in Chile and in the world) were applied. Fruits were stored at 2 °C ± 1 °C for a maximum period of 120 days, sampling at different dates of confinement. For each date quality parameters such as color, acidity, sweetness and firmness were evaluated. Furthermore, anthocyanins and tannins hydrolysates were measured, corresponding to the main antioxidants compounds in the pomegranate. The results indicated that the exogenous application of ethylene produces different effects on fruit quality parameters. Moreover, in the case of Pomegranate skin, it includes an increase in anthocyanins of more than 12 times the initial value after 120 days at cold temperatures to fruit treated with ethylene in a concentration of 1.5 µl/ L. While cold control increased just a little more than 2 times its initial value, in the same period of time. These results provide evidence that in the Wonderful pomegranates it is possible to generate an increase in the concentration of certain antioxidants, by cold storage or treatments based on the ethylene hormone.
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Tesis (Ingeniero en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Conservación, Efectos del Frío, Comercialización, Control de Calidad, Chile, Frutas