Evaluación de la productividad de excavación subterránea de yacimientos por método convencional y método mecanizado
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La excavación convencional de túneles a través de la perforación y tronadura
en los proyectos mineros, ha caído en desuso por nuevos métodos mecánicos
que utilizan un equipo Road Header (Rozadora); por lo general, utilizados para
eliminar los explosivos en la fragmentación de roca. Aumentando la seguridad
en los procesos de extracción, con el objetivo de elevar la productividad y
facilitar un mayor avance por unidad de tiempo y una reducción de costos.
El presente trabajo busca realizar un análisis comparativo entre ambos métodos
de excavación, mediante un modelo de simulación que nos permita evaluar la
factibilidad para reemplazar el método convencional por el método mecanizado
(Rozadora), cumpliendo con los objetivos de tiempo y costos.
Para la construcción del modelo computacional se utilizó un software de nombre
ProModel. Una herramienta que sirve para la simulación de eventos discretos
que resulta adecuado para modelar ambos métodos de excavación de túneles,
dado que los desarrollos horizontales corresponden a operaciones unitarias que
se ejecutan de forma cíclica.
Los resultados de simulación de ambos métodos de excavación muestran que
el método mecanizado Road Header tiene mejores tasas de avance (m/días),
en rocas de baja calidad geotécnica, mientras que para la competencia de
rocas y suelos de media y buena calidad el método mecanizado no cumple con
las tasas de avance esperadas (m/días), de esta forma no es una alternativa
viable reemplazar el método convencional por el método mecanizado en
proyectos con rocas de buena calidad geotécnica que priorizan tasas de avance
más rápidas.
Conventional excavation of tunnels through drilling and blasting in mining projects, has fallen into desuse due to new mechanical methods that use a Road Header equipment; Usually, used in order to eliminate explosives in rock fragmentation. Increasing security in extraction processes, improving productivity and also provide further progress per time unit and costs reduction as a target. This current work seeks to perform a comparative analysis between both methods of excavation, using a simulation model which allows to evaluate the feasibility to replace the conventional method by the mechanized method (Road Header), achieving objectives of time and costs. For construction of computational model, software called Promodel was used. A tool that helps for the simulation of discrete events which is suitable for modeling both excavation of tunnels methods, since the horizontal developments correspond to unit operations that are executed in a cyclical manner. Simulation results of both excavation methods show that the Road Header mechanized method has better rates of progression (m / days), in rocks of low geotechnical quality, while for the competition of rocks and soils of medium and good quality the mechanized method does not fulfil the expected rates of progression (m / days), so it is not a viable alternative to replace the conventional method by the mechanized method in projects with good quality geotechnical rocks which prioritize faster rates of progression.
Conventional excavation of tunnels through drilling and blasting in mining projects, has fallen into desuse due to new mechanical methods that use a Road Header equipment; Usually, used in order to eliminate explosives in rock fragmentation. Increasing security in extraction processes, improving productivity and also provide further progress per time unit and costs reduction as a target. This current work seeks to perform a comparative analysis between both methods of excavation, using a simulation model which allows to evaluate the feasibility to replace the conventional method by the mechanized method (Road Header), achieving objectives of time and costs. For construction of computational model, software called Promodel was used. A tool that helps for the simulation of discrete events which is suitable for modeling both excavation of tunnels methods, since the horizontal developments correspond to unit operations that are executed in a cyclical manner. Simulation results of both excavation methods show that the Road Header mechanized method has better rates of progression (m / days), in rocks of low geotechnical quality, while for the competition of rocks and soils of medium and good quality the mechanized method does not fulfil the expected rates of progression (m / days), so it is not a viable alternative to replace the conventional method by the mechanized method in projects with good quality geotechnical rocks which prioritize faster rates of progression.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Excavaciones Subterráneas (Minería)., Métodos de Simulación