Síntesis verde de nanopartículas de CuInS2 para su aplicación en celdas solares
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2019
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Universidad Andrés Bello (Chile)
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Las nanopartículas semiconductoras fluorescentes o Quantum Dots (QDs) se caracterizan principalmente porque su escala de tamaño se encuentra en promedio entre 2-20 nm y emiten fluorescencia de color dependiente del tamaño de la nanopartícula. Los QDs más comúnmente usados son basados en cadmio y en teluro, los cuales están compuestos por metales pesados tóxicos lo que dificulta sus aplicaciones. De este modo, existe gran interés en desarrollar nuevos QDs utilizando otros elementos menos tóxicos como cobre, oro, indio, plata, galio entre otros. Las aplicaciones de los QDs son variables y destaca su uso en bioimágenes, televisores y celdas solares. Debido a sus múltiples aplicaciones se han desarrollado diversos métodos de síntesis de estos compuestos.
Los QDs se sintetizan principalmente de forma química, la cual requiere sales de los metales como precursores, altas temperaturas, solventes orgánicos y altas presiones para llevar a cabo la reacción. Estas condiciones representan altos costos de producción y generación de desechos contaminantes, razón por la cual se busca desarrollar métodos más amigables con el medio ambiente. Como respuesta a esta problemática, se han desarrollados métodos de síntesis biomimética, los cuales requieren precursores de las nanopartículas, moléculas biológicas y condiciones de temperatura, presión y oxígeno similares a las presentes en sistemas biológicos. Esta síntesis permite reducir los costos, generar menos contaminantes y en algunos casos favorecer las propiedades de los nanomateriales.
Una de las aplicaciones de las nanopartículas es su uso en celdas solares. En la actualidad se busca generar celdas solares más amigables con el medioambiente y de menor costo de fabricación. En este contexto, existe mucho interés en los QDs de CuInS2 debido a que no son tóxicos y tienen gran potencial como fotosensibilizador en celdas solares. Sin embargo, a la fecha solo se ha descrito métodos químicos para la producción de estas nanopartículas.
La hipótesis de este trabajo es que “Quantum dot de CuInS2 producidas por métodos biomiméticos pueden ser usadas como fotosensibilizador en celdas solares”. En este trabajo se desarrolló un método exitoso de síntesis
Fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles or Quantum Dots (QDs) are characterized mainly because their size is on average between 2 and 20 nm and their fluorescence emission color depends on the size of the nanoparticle. The most commonly used QDs are those based on cadmium and tellurium, however these QDs are toxic because they are composed by toxic heavy metals, a situation that affects their potential applications. Thus, there is great interest in developing new QDs using other less toxic elements such as copper, gold, indium, silver, gallium and others. The applications of the QDs are variable and among them its use in bio-images, televisions and solar cells stands out. Due to their multiple applications many chemical methods of synthesis of these compounds have been developed. The QDs are mainly synthesized chemically, which requires salts of the metals as precursors of the nanoparticle, high temperatures, organic solvents and high pressures to carry out the reaction. These conditions represent high production costs and a polluting production chain due to the waste generated, as consequence there is great interest in developing more environmentally friendly methods. In response to this problem, biomimetic synthesis methods have been developed, which require precursors of nanoparticles, biological molecules and temperature, pressure and oxygen conditions similar to those present in biological systems. This synthesis method reduces costs, generates fewer pollutants and in some cases favors the properties of nanomaterials. One of the applications of nanoparticles is their use in solar cells. Nowadays, the goal is to generate low cost and environmentally friendly solar cells. In this context, a CuInS2 QDs are of great interest because they are not toxic and have great potential as photosensitizers in solar cells. However, to date only chemical methods have been described for the production of these nanoparticles. The hypothesis of this work is that "Quantum dot of CuInS2 produced by biomimetic methods can be used as a photosensitizer in solar cells." In this work a successful method of biomimetic synthesis of CuInS2 QDs was developed, which were used in solar cells.
Fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles or Quantum Dots (QDs) are characterized mainly because their size is on average between 2 and 20 nm and their fluorescence emission color depends on the size of the nanoparticle. The most commonly used QDs are those based on cadmium and tellurium, however these QDs are toxic because they are composed by toxic heavy metals, a situation that affects their potential applications. Thus, there is great interest in developing new QDs using other less toxic elements such as copper, gold, indium, silver, gallium and others. The applications of the QDs are variable and among them its use in bio-images, televisions and solar cells stands out. Due to their multiple applications many chemical methods of synthesis of these compounds have been developed. The QDs are mainly synthesized chemically, which requires salts of the metals as precursors of the nanoparticle, high temperatures, organic solvents and high pressures to carry out the reaction. These conditions represent high production costs and a polluting production chain due to the waste generated, as consequence there is great interest in developing more environmentally friendly methods. In response to this problem, biomimetic synthesis methods have been developed, which require precursors of nanoparticles, biological molecules and temperature, pressure and oxygen conditions similar to those present in biological systems. This synthesis method reduces costs, generates fewer pollutants and in some cases favors the properties of nanomaterials. One of the applications of nanoparticles is their use in solar cells. Nowadays, the goal is to generate low cost and environmentally friendly solar cells. In this context, a CuInS2 QDs are of great interest because they are not toxic and have great potential as photosensitizers in solar cells. However, to date only chemical methods have been described for the production of these nanoparticles. The hypothesis of this work is that "Quantum dot of CuInS2 produced by biomimetic methods can be used as a photosensitizer in solar cells." In this work a successful method of biomimetic synthesis of CuInS2 QDs was developed, which were used in solar cells.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniería en Biotecnología)
Palabras clave
Nanopartículas, Puntos Cuánticos, Celdas Solares