Estudio evaluativo-comparativo acerca de una intervención grupal a madres con hijos prematuros del Hospital San josé, en relación al vínculo temprano materno-infantil, desde la teoría del apego.
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Fecha
2003
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Editor
Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo por finalidad diseñar e implementar una
intervención dirigida a madres de recién nacidos prematuros. El objetivo de la
investigación es la contribución a través de la intervención del fortalecimiento del
vínculo de la pareja madre-bebé.
La población se constituyó con madres -entre 16 y 35 años-que durante el
segundo semestre del 2003 dieron a luz a sus hijos de manera prematura. Para
fines de nuestra investigación se escogió una muestra de diez madres del Hospital
San José, las que en primera instancia atravesaron por un proceso de evaluación
que constó de la aplicación de instrumentos de diversa índole entrevista de
despistaje (PERI), entrevista de fantasías, Pauta de apego en adultos (P.8.1.
Posteriormente, se dividió la muestra en un grupo control y uno experimental. Este
último fue escogido para participar en el taller diseñado por las investigadoras,
cuyo objetivo principal consistió en entregarles herramientas a las madres para
que pudiesen establecer un apego más seguro y confiable con sus hijos,
impartiendo contenidos -madre suficientemente buena, bebé imaginario y real,
mentalización, sintonía afectiva, reverie, etc. y generando un ambiente de
contención donde tuviesen la oportunidad de desplegar sus ansiedades y temores.
La metodología empleada para evaluar a ambos grupos una vez terminada la
intervención, consistió en la observación de las díadas en su ambiente natural.
Dicho procedimiento se llevó a cabo una vez a la semana durante un mes, con
una duración de una hora por visita -de acuerdo al modelo propuesto por la
clínica Tavistock, Londres-. Posteriormente, se sistematizó lo observado en una
pauta de perfil de la observación del vínculo madre-bebé.
Esta pauta fue utilizada para poder comparar a ambos grupos después de
haber realizado la intervención.
Los resultados confirman la efectividad de la realización de una
intervención temprana en díadas, generando aportes en el establecimiento de un
apego más seguro en la pareja madre-bebé.
The objective of this study is to design and implement an intervention aimed at mothers with prematura new-bom babies. Moreover, this intervention will contribute to strengthen the link between the mother and her child. The group studied was constituted by mothers between the ages of 16 and 35 years, who had given birth to a prematura child during the last six months of the year 2003. For the purposes of this study, a test-group of ten mothers from the Hospital San José was chosen. These mothers underwent, in the first instance, a period of evaluation where diverse tools were applied, such as interviews to make sure that there were no pathologies associated (PERI), fantasy interviews and a Parental Bonding lnstrument (PBI). The samples were then divided into two groups, a control group and an experimental group. This latter group was chosen to participate in the workshop designad by the research team. The main objective of this workshop was to provide the mothers with tools to furthen strengthen their relation with the new-bom child. This could be done using the following tools: explaining to the mothers the concepts of sufficiently good mother, imaginad baby and real baby, mentalization, affective syntony, reverie, etc., as well as by generating an atmosphere of contension where the mothers could express their anxieties and fears. The methodology used to evaluate both groups once finalised the intervention was to observe the interaction between mothers and their newbom babies in their natural environment. Such a procedure took place once a week during one month. The duration of the visit was of one hour, using the time-frame proposed by the Tavistock Clinic in London. Further to this, the observations were recordad in a profile guideline of the mother-baby link. These guidelines were used to analyse and compare both groups after the intervention had taken place. The results confirm the effectiveness of carrying out this intervention at an early stage with mothers and their newbom babies in order to contribute to the strengthening and securing of mother-child ties.
The objective of this study is to design and implement an intervention aimed at mothers with prematura new-bom babies. Moreover, this intervention will contribute to strengthen the link between the mother and her child. The group studied was constituted by mothers between the ages of 16 and 35 years, who had given birth to a prematura child during the last six months of the year 2003. For the purposes of this study, a test-group of ten mothers from the Hospital San José was chosen. These mothers underwent, in the first instance, a period of evaluation where diverse tools were applied, such as interviews to make sure that there were no pathologies associated (PERI), fantasy interviews and a Parental Bonding lnstrument (PBI). The samples were then divided into two groups, a control group and an experimental group. This latter group was chosen to participate in the workshop designad by the research team. The main objective of this workshop was to provide the mothers with tools to furthen strengthen their relation with the new-bom child. This could be done using the following tools: explaining to the mothers the concepts of sufficiently good mother, imaginad baby and real baby, mentalization, affective syntony, reverie, etc., as well as by generating an atmosphere of contension where the mothers could express their anxieties and fears. The methodology used to evaluate both groups once finalised the intervention was to observe the interaction between mothers and their newbom babies in their natural environment. Such a procedure took place once a week during one month. The duration of the visit was of one hour, using the time-frame proposed by the Tavistock Clinic in London. Further to this, the observations were recordad in a profile guideline of the mother-baby link. These guidelines were used to analyse and compare both groups after the intervention had taken place. The results confirm the effectiveness of carrying out this intervention at an early stage with mothers and their newbom babies in order to contribute to the strengthening and securing of mother-child ties.
Notas
Tesis (Licenciado en Psicología)
Palabras clave
Madres de Niños Prematuros, Aspectos Psicológicos, Teoría del Apego