Identificación de sectores favorables para la recarga artificial de acuíferos en la cuenca del río Ninhue, Chile
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Fecha
2021
Profesor/a Guía
Facultad/escuela
Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En la cuenca inferior del Rio Itata, Comuna de Ninhue existen problemas de abastecimiento de agua
producto del cambio climático y aumento demográfico. Por consiguiente, en este trabajo se realizó un
estudio de identificación de sectores para la recarga artificial de un acuífero libre- semi confinado, por
medio de un sistema de evaluación multicriterio (EMC). Se identificaron 6 factores físicos: geología, usos
de suelo, edafología, pendientes, número de infiltración y densidad de fracturas mediante los cuales se
generaron cartografías. Luego estos son reclasificados según rangos de aptitud que varían de muy alto a
muy bajo. Por medio de un sistema de jerarquía analítica posteriormente estos factores son ponderados
con el fin de obtener un mapa de aptitud de recarga, tomando en cuenta sólo las zonas con aptitud alta y
muy alta como áreas probables para la recarga. En base a lo anterior, se identifica una zona probable para
la recarga ubicada al SE de la Comuna de Ninhue aledaño al Rio Lonquén, cercano al sector de
Panguilemu. Se realizó un cálculo de probabilidad de excedencia donde se obtuvo el caudal neto
corresponde a 222,4 l/s que puede ser utilizado para la recarga artificial proveniente del Río Lonquen, se
propuso la instalación de 5 tipos de mecanismo de recarga artificial: zanjas de infiltración, balsas de
infiltración, pozos de inyecciones y dispositivos mixtos tales como pozos y zanjas y pozos más balsas,
cada uno de estos asociados a su presupuesto.
In the lower Itata River basin, Ninhue Commune, there are problems of water supply due to climate change and population increase. Therefore, in this work a study was carried out to identify sectors for the artificial recharge of a free- semi-confined aquifer, by means of a multi-criteria evaluation system (CCS). Six physical factors were identified: geology, land use, soil history, slope, infiltration number and density of fractures through which cartographies were generated. These are then reclassified according to aptitude ranges that vary from very high to very low. These factors are then weighted by an analytical hierarchy system in order to obtain a recharge fitness map, in which zones with high and very high fitness are taken into account as probable areas for recharge. Based on the above, a probable area for recharge is identified located at the SE of the Ninhue Commune near the Panguilemu sector, adjacent to the Lonquen River. It is made a calculation of probability of leave where it was obtained that 222.4 l/s can be used for the artificial recharge coming from the River Lonquen, the installation of 5 types of artificial recharging mechanism was proposed: infiltration ditches, infiltration ponds, injection wells and mixed devices such as wells and ditches and wells plus ponds, each of these partners their budget.
In the lower Itata River basin, Ninhue Commune, there are problems of water supply due to climate change and population increase. Therefore, in this work a study was carried out to identify sectors for the artificial recharge of a free- semi-confined aquifer, by means of a multi-criteria evaluation system (CCS). Six physical factors were identified: geology, land use, soil history, slope, infiltration number and density of fractures through which cartographies were generated. These are then reclassified according to aptitude ranges that vary from very high to very low. These factors are then weighted by an analytical hierarchy system in order to obtain a recharge fitness map, in which zones with high and very high fitness are taken into account as probable areas for recharge. Based on the above, a probable area for recharge is identified located at the SE of the Ninhue Commune near the Panguilemu sector, adjacent to the Lonquen River. It is made a calculation of probability of leave where it was obtained that 222.4 l/s can be used for the artificial recharge coming from the River Lonquen, the installation of 5 types of artificial recharging mechanism was proposed: infiltration ditches, infiltration ponds, injection wells and mixed devices such as wells and ditches and wells plus ponds, each of these partners their budget.
Notas
Tesis (Geólogo)
Palabras clave
Recarga de Aguas Subterráneas, Acuíferos, Chile, Río Ninhue (Cuenca)