Diseño metodológico de estudio piloto : descripción de errores de medicación en la unidad de paciente crítico de adultos
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Fecha
2023
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
Nombre de Curso
Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
Los errores de medicación (EM) son eventos prevenibles que pueden ocurrir en pacientes
hospitalizados y pueden dar lugar a eventos adversos relacionados con medicamentos (AAM).
Se estima que estos eventos ocurren en el 10% de las hospitalizaciones, generando costos
anuales de al menos 600 millones de dólares. Los pacientes que se encuentran en la unidad
de cuidados intensivos (UCI) tienen una mayor susceptibilidad a experimentar EM debido a su
fragilidad y condiciones fisiológicas particulares.
Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una metodología para evaluar el sistema
de utilización de medicamentos (SUM) en las Unidades de Pacientes Críticos (UPC) de
hospitales chilenos de alta complejidad.
Metodología: Se propone la metodología de un estudio piloto de tipo descriptivo. En este
contexto, se plantea la evaluación de los procedimientos involucrados en las cinco etapas del
SUM en la UPC durante días hábiles. Se diseñó un instrumento de recolección de datos
basado en la "Clasificación de errores de medicación" del Institute for Safe Medication
Practices (ISMP) del año 2008, con algunas modificaciones.
Resultados: Se ha diseñado un estudio que analiza todas las etapas del SUM a través de un
instrumento de recolección de datos confeccionado en base a la “Clasificación de errores de
medicación” del Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) del año 2008 modificada y se
establecieron definiciones para identificar EM durante la realización del estudio piloto.
Discusión: Se analizaron e interpretaron las definiciones, metodologías, posibles horarios,
entre otros factores a considerar para la confección del diseño de un estudio piloto. Se sugirió
una amplia selección de horarios, así como otras variables para la prevención de sesgos. Se
fundamentó la metodología seleccionada.
Conclusión: Se ha desarrollado la metodología para un estudio piloto que tiene como objetivo
evaluar el sistema de utilización de medicamentos en UPC de hospitales de alta complejidad.
Este estudio piloto sentará las bases para una investigación más amplia que permitirá
determinar la frecuencia y los tipos de errores de medicación que ocurren en UPC.
Medication errors (ME) are preventable events that can occur in hospitalized patients and may lead to medication-related adverse events (MAE). It is estimated that these events occur in 10% of hospitalizations, resulting in annual costs of at least 600 million dollars. Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are more susceptible to experiencing ME due to their fragility and unique physiological conditions. Objective: The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to evaluate the Medication Use System (MUS) in high-complexity Chilean Critical Patient Units (CPUs). Methodology: We propose the methodology of a descriptive pilot study. In this context, the evaluation of the procedures involved in the five stages of MUS in the CPU during weekdays is considered. We designed a data collection instrument based on the "Medication Error Classification" from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in 2008, with some modifications. Results: We have designed a study that analyzes all stages of MUS through a data collection instrument based on the modified "Medication Error Classification" from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in 2008. Definitions for identifying ME during the pilot study were established. Discussion: Definitions, methodologies, possible schedules, and other factors to consider for the design of a pilot study were analyzed and interpreted. A broad selection of schedules and other variables to prevent biases was suggested. The chosen methodology was substantiated. Conclusion: We have developed the methodology for a pilot study with the aim of evaluating the medication utilization system in high-complexity Chilean Critical Patient Units (CPUs). This pilot study will serve as the foundation for broader research to determine the frequency and types of medication errors occurring in CPUs.
Medication errors (ME) are preventable events that can occur in hospitalized patients and may lead to medication-related adverse events (MAE). It is estimated that these events occur in 10% of hospitalizations, resulting in annual costs of at least 600 million dollars. Patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are more susceptible to experiencing ME due to their fragility and unique physiological conditions. Objective: The objective of this work is to develop a methodology to evaluate the Medication Use System (MUS) in high-complexity Chilean Critical Patient Units (CPUs). Methodology: We propose the methodology of a descriptive pilot study. In this context, the evaluation of the procedures involved in the five stages of MUS in the CPU during weekdays is considered. We designed a data collection instrument based on the "Medication Error Classification" from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in 2008, with some modifications. Results: We have designed a study that analyzes all stages of MUS through a data collection instrument based on the modified "Medication Error Classification" from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in 2008. Definitions for identifying ME during the pilot study were established. Discussion: Definitions, methodologies, possible schedules, and other factors to consider for the design of a pilot study were analyzed and interpreted. A broad selection of schedules and other variables to prevent biases was suggested. The chosen methodology was substantiated. Conclusion: We have developed the methodology for a pilot study with the aim of evaluating the medication utilization system in high-complexity Chilean Critical Patient Units (CPUs). This pilot study will serve as the foundation for broader research to determine the frequency and types of medication errors occurring in CPUs.
Notas
Seminario (Químico Farmacéutico)
Palabras clave
Errores de Medicación, Investigaciones, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos