Determinación de los grados estructurales del roble (nothofagus obliqua) mediante métodos vibratorios a partir de métodos estáticos
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2020
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Idioma
es
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Universidad Andrés Bello
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Licencia CC
Licencia CC
Resumen
En Chile, la madera como material de construcción se encuentra poco
valorada, siendo utilizada principalmente para viviendas temporales o
terminaciones arquitectónicas. En EE.UU. o Nueva Zelanda, es uno de los
materiales más utilizados para la edificación. Esta diferencia se debe
principalmente al desconocimiento de los profesionales para estructurar, diseñar y
especificar madera estructural y la casi nula comercialización del material en forma
estandarizada y rotulada.
Con el fin de otorgar tecnología de bajo costo a las pymes del aserrío para
la producción de madera estructural estandarizada, se seteó un dispositivo de
clasificación de madera basado en vibraciones (MTG). Como insumo, se requirió
una muestra representativa clasificada previamente y posteriormente ensayada de
manera destructiva para obtener las propiedades mecánicas. Finalmente, por
medio de una correlación entre el módulo de elasticidad dinámico con la tensión
de rotura en flexión estática, se obtiene el seteo del instrumento.
Luego de los incendios forestales del año 2017 en Chile, la producción de
Pino Radiata (Pinus Radiata) durante los próximos años se verá afectada
negativamente, surgiendo la necesidad de tener especies alternativas de
transición. Es por esto, que la especie estudiada fue el Roble (Nothofagus
Obliqua). También, las tensiones admisibles de esta especie que se registran en la
NCh1198 of 2014, no se han actualizado desde 1977, por lo que las tensiones
admisibles obtenidas serán utilizadas para la actualización de la respectiva norma.
Del estudio realizado se obtuvo que las piezas que midan un módulo de
elasticidad dinámico mayor o igual a 13,34 GPa, son clasificadas con grado
estructural N°1, mientras las que tengan un módulo de elasticidad entre 11,62 GPa
y 13,34 GPa son clasificadas con grado estructural N°2. Las que obtengan un
módulo de elasticidad dinámico menor a 11,62 GPa son clasificadas como madera
no estructural.
In Chile, the use of timber as a building material is undervalued, being used mainly as a temporary housing building material or architectural finishines. In USA and New Zealand, timber is one of the most used materials for building. This difference is mostly due to ignorance of professionals on structuring, designing and specifying structural timber. With the final purpose to give a low cost technology to small and medium sized sawmill companies, to produce structural timber, a timber clasification vibration based device (MTG) was set. As a supply, a representative sample previously classified and tested in a destructive way later to obtain the mechanical properties, was required. Finally, through a correlation between the dynamic modulus of elasticity and flexural strenght in static bending, the set of the device is obtained. After the forest fires in Chile in 2017, the production of Pino Radiata (Pinus Radiata) during next years will be negatively affected, arising the need for alternative transition species. This is why the studied species was the oak (Nothofagus Obliqua). Also, the allowable stresses from this species was registered in the NCh 1198 of 2014, and have not been updated since 1977, thus, the allowable stresses values obtained will be used to update this 2020 the code mentioned before. From this study, the pieces with a dynamic modulus of elasticity value greater than or equal to 13,34 GPa, are classified as a N°1 structural grade, while the pieces with a value between 11,62 GPa and 13,34 GPa, are classified as a N°2 structural grade. The pieces with a dynamic modulus of elasticity value smaller to 11,62 GPa, are classifies as a non structural timber.
In Chile, the use of timber as a building material is undervalued, being used mainly as a temporary housing building material or architectural finishines. In USA and New Zealand, timber is one of the most used materials for building. This difference is mostly due to ignorance of professionals on structuring, designing and specifying structural timber. With the final purpose to give a low cost technology to small and medium sized sawmill companies, to produce structural timber, a timber clasification vibration based device (MTG) was set. As a supply, a representative sample previously classified and tested in a destructive way later to obtain the mechanical properties, was required. Finally, through a correlation between the dynamic modulus of elasticity and flexural strenght in static bending, the set of the device is obtained. After the forest fires in Chile in 2017, the production of Pino Radiata (Pinus Radiata) during next years will be negatively affected, arising the need for alternative transition species. This is why the studied species was the oak (Nothofagus Obliqua). Also, the allowable stresses from this species was registered in the NCh 1198 of 2014, and have not been updated since 1977, thus, the allowable stresses values obtained will be used to update this 2020 the code mentioned before. From this study, the pieces with a dynamic modulus of elasticity value greater than or equal to 13,34 GPa, are classified as a N°1 structural grade, while the pieces with a value between 11,62 GPa and 13,34 GPa, are classified as a N°2 structural grade. The pieces with a dynamic modulus of elasticity value smaller to 11,62 GPa, are classifies as a non structural timber.
Notas
Tesis (Ingeniero Civil)
Palabras clave
Roble, Análisis, Métodos Estadísticos, Industria de la Madera, Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Construcciones de Madera